1,720,957 research outputs found
Factors of human-brain white-matter structural connectivity associated with MDD symptoms and predictive of symptoms phenotypes
No full textWhite matter (WM) structural connectivity alterations have been linked to depression. This study aimed to identify structural connectivity metrics associated with Major depressive disorder (MDD) and predictive of different symptom phenotypes. The study sample included N=29 control and N=86 subjects with MDD who underwent a clinical interview, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and assessment of depression symptoms severity. Using a 3T MRI scanner, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was employed to capture WM connectivity markers at baseline. While no distinct differences between control and MDD groups were observed at the whole-brain network level, significant alterations were evident at the node level. Clinical group demonstrated enhanced connectivity, particularly in the DefaultB and LimbicB subsystems, as evidenced by measures such as eigenvector centrality. Furthermore, notable differences were observed in clustering coefficient and local efficiency, predominantly in DefaultB, LimbicB, and VisPeri networks, with MDD patients showing higher connectivity. Analysis of the association between WM structural connectivity measures, both global (e.g. global efficiency) and local (e.g. clustering coefficient) with MDD symptom scores and related symptoms, revealed no significant correlation at the whole-brain level, both at baseline and post-intervention. Distinct patterns were identified when evaluating node-level metrics averaged across networks, which together with group differences, point to MDD patients exhibiting characteristics consistent with regular networks. Hierarchical clustering based on standardized baseline DTI structural connectivity within the clinical cohort revealed three distinct clusters of MDD patients, with the first cluster exhibiting a higher WHO-5 score, indicating a potential association with better well-being. These findings provide insight into MDD-specific brain regions’ structural alterations and underscore the heterogeneity of depression symptom profiles. Further research is needed, including a higher sample size and control for confounding factors
Eye Tracking Based Neurocognitive Screening for Epilepsy in Infancy
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate gaze behaviour in relation to cognitive development among infants with epilepsy. Our sample consisted of 60 infants with epilepsy that underwent cognitive testing and developmental assessment. We tested visual ability to orient and fixate gaze to a screen, re-orient visual attention at an initial test visit and in follow up tests and the improvement in these visual abilities between initial and traced improvements in follow-up visits. We found significant differences in the initial level and in improvement in the ability to orient and fixate to the screen between infants categorized as typical, having mild deficit or global deficit in development by the age of 2 years. Significant differences were observed between the global group compared to the mild and normal groups, respectively and we also found significant differences between the normal and the mild developmental group. Our results also showed that initial ability to orient and fixate to the screen and improvements of this ability across time are significantly associated with cognitive performance at the age of two years. These results provide the first proof-of-concept for using serial eye tracking assessments at the individual level. Further research is needed to better control for various clinical factor, including a comparison with a healthy control group and to identify gaze behavior parameters diagnostic of developmental outcome.Syftet med den här studien var att utvärdera blickbeteende i relation till kognitiv utveckling. Vår testgrupp bestod av 60 spädbarn med epilepsi som genomgick kognitiva tester och utvecklingsbedömningar. Vi testade hur visuell förmåga att rikta och fixera blicken på skärmen, byta visuellt fokus och utvecklingen av dessa visuella förmågor över uppföljningvisit. Vi fann at signifikanta skillnader i de initiala förmågorna och förbättring av förmågan att orientera och fixa skärmen mellan barn kategoriserade som typiska, med litet underskott eller global underskott i utveckling vid en ålder av 2 år. Signifikanta skillnader observerades i jämförelsen mellan en grupp av svår epilepsi och mild grad av epilepsi. Vi fann även signifikanta skillnader mellan normalt utvecklade barn och barn med mild epilepsi. Våra resultat visar också att initial förmåga att rikta blicken och förändringen av denna förmåga över tid är signifikant associerad med kognitiv förmåga vid två års ålder. Dessa resultat ger preliminära stöd för användningen av ögonrörelseregistrering för bedömningar på individnivå. Ytterligare forskning är nödvändig där flera kliniska faktorer kontrolleras bättre, inklusive en jämförelse med en frisk kontrollgrupp, för att identifiera blickparametrar som är diagnostiska för barns utveckling
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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