1,720,956 research outputs found
What are categories? Adjective-like and noun-like semi-lexical numerals in Polish
Full text linkIn many languages, numerals appear to straddle the boundary between adjectives and nouns, sometimes behaving like adjectives, sometimes like nouns, and sometimes showing a mix of behaviors (Corbett 1978). The intermediate status of numerals presents a problem for theories of categories: how can something be simultaneously adjectival and nominal? In this paper I address the issue from the perspective of Polish numerals and argue that categories are derived notions, definable (in part) through the phi-features of an element. Elements with full sets of valued phi-features are nouns and elements with full sets of unvalued phi-features are adjectives. Building on the notion of semi-lexicality in Emonds (1985) and Corver and van Riemsdijk (2001), I suggest that numerals represent a new sort of semi-lexicality, involving incomplete phi-feature sets or feature sets with a mix of valued and unvalued phi-features. Such semi-lexical elements are predicted to show idiosyncratic behaviors which may or may not resemble adjectives and nouns. This is the approach taken for the Polish numeral system. Numeral 1 is defined as an adjective (unvalued gender, unvalued number) and numeral 1000 as a noun (valued gender, valued number). Numerals 2, 3, and 4 are treated as adjectival nominals (valued number, unvalued gender) and numerals 5+ (5–10, 100) as deficient nominals (valued number, missing gender). With these assumptions in hand, the case and agreement facts of Polish numerals can be captured. The implication of this study is that categories are not syntactic primitives; by viewing them as derived notions, we have the flexibility to deal with those elements like numerals which normally defy categorization
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Design of Semi-lexicality: Evidence from Case and Agreement in the Nominal Domain
No full textThis dissertation tackles the topic of semi-lexicality, a term used to describe elements which show a mix of lexical and functional properties (Corver and van Riemsdijk 2001). Often, semi-lexical elements have a surface similarity to some lexical category (noun, adjective, verb), but have certain properties, usually functional, which prevent them from being treated with that category. Numerals present a classic example. In many languages, numerals show a similar morphosyntax to nouns or adjectives (Corbett 1978), but also have a number of idiosyncrasies which make the label “noun” or “adjective” unsatisfactory. This has led to many debates on how to treat the category of a numeral within and between languages. Examples of semi-lexicality challenge the traditional division of categories into nouns, verbs, and adjectives, and it is the aim of this dissertation to understand how semi-lexicality arises. This dissertation adopts an exoskeletal skeletal approach to categories (Borer 2005) and assumes that lexical categories (nouns, verbs, adjectives) are built from a root and the set of functional projections associated with that category. It argues that semi-lexicality is the special case where some root is also lexically specified for syntactic features, termed the Semi-Lexicality Hypothesis. The syntactic features act as instructions for the syntax, constraining how syntactic structure is built above and around the root. This, in turn, has consequences for how processes such as case and agreement are computed, producing semi-lexical effects. Under the Semi-Lexicality Hypothesis, semi-lexicality is the not-so-special case in which a root does not behave how a “lexical” root is expected to behave. The approach is defended through three case studies: Polish numerals, English quantificational nouns (lot, ton, bunch, number) and English kind-words (kind, type, sort). These case studies address phenomena of case and agreement in the nominal domain with binominal constructions (N1 (of) N2, e.g. a lot of people, these kinds of trophies). These case studies provide evidence for three “ways” of being semi-lexical, depending on what the syntactic feature of the root requires. Some semi-lexicality constrains the functional structure of the root. Pluralia tantum nouns, for example, require the projection of a plural #P (Number Phrase), while Polish numeral 1000 requires the absence of a γP (Gender Phrase). This affects their morphosyntax. Another type of semi-lexicality constrains the contexts where the semi-lexical root and its functional structure can be inserted. The English quantificational nouns lot and bunch, for example, only surface in indefinite environments, showing an incompatibility with definiteness. This affects their distribution. The final type of semi-lexicality interacts with how other roots in the environment project. In the English kind-construction, the second noun is prevented from projecting further functional structure once the kind-word is inserted (similar to restructuring in the verbal domain). This thesis predicts that a study of other examples of semi-lexicality should find similar types of patterns to the ones identified here. Once we understand what the canonical structural of a noun, verb, or adjective would be, it will be possible to explore how the specification of a functional feature interacts with the syntax
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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