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Mocarstwowa polityka Federacji Rosyjskiej współczesnym zagrożeniem dla bezpieczeństwa Polski i regionu Morza Bałtyckiego
No full textRussia has always carried out activities which strengthened its geostrategic position in the world. When the international order was transformed after “the cold war”, Russia began to perceive the post-soviet territories as its closest zone of influence. After the break out of the war in Ukraine and then the annexation of Crimea, the Baltic states and Poland had no doubt concerning a direct threat from Russia. Currently European countries are aware that Russia wages wars on many fronts. Although they have not been actually declared, they are really taking place. It is a cybernetic, diplomatic, hybrid and propaganda war. However, the greatest threat is the nuclear arsenal that Russia possesses. Stability in the region is ensured by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, whose policy is a response to the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation, which threaten the security of the countries of the Baltic Sea regio
Mocarstwowa polityka Federacji Rosyjskiej współczesnym zagrożeniem dla bezpieczeństwa Polski i regionu Morza Bałtyckiego
Get PDFRussia has always carried out activities which strengthened its geostrategic position in the world. When the international order was transformed after “the cold war”, Russia began to perceive the post-soviet territories as its closest zone of influence. After the break out of the war in Ukraine and then the annexation of Crimea, the Baltic states and Poland had no doubt concerning a direct threat from Russia. Currently European countries are aware that Russia wages wars on many fronts. Although they have not been actually declared, they are really taking place. It is a cybernetic, diplomatic, hybrid and propaganda war. However, the greatest threat is the nuclear arsenal that Russia possesses. Stability in the region is ensured by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, whose policy is a response to the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation, which threaten the security of the countries of the Baltic Sea region.Rosja od zawsze prowadziła działania, które polegały na wzmocnieniu jej pozycji geostrategicznej. Kiedy doszło do przekształcenia ładu międzynarodowego po „zimnej wojnie” Rosja zaczęła postrzegać obszary poradzieckie jako swą najbliższą strefę wpływów. Po wybuchu wojny na Ukrainie, a następnie aneksji Krymu, państwa bałtyckie oraz Polska nie miały wątpliwości co do istnienia bezpośredniego zagrożenia ze strony Federacji Rosyjskiej. Obecnie państwa europejskie mają świadomość, iż Rosja prowadzi wojnę na wielu frontach, mimo że nie zostały faktycznie wypowiedziane. Jest to wojna cybernetyczna, dyplomatyczna, hybrydowa oraz propagandowa. Jednakże największy niepokój budzą działania w sferze militarnej i arsenał jądrowy będący w posiadaniu Rosji. Stabilność w regionie zapewnia Sojusz Północnoatlantycki, którego polityka jest odpowiedzią na agresywne działania Federacji Rosyjskiej zagrażające bezpieczeństwu państw regionu Morza Bałtyckiego
Могущественная политика Российской Федерации как современная угроза для безопасности Польши и региона Балтийского моря
No full textRosja od zawsze prowadziła działania, które polegały na wzmocnieniu jej pozycji geostrategicznej. Kiedy doszło do przekształcenia ładu międzynarodowego po „zimnej wojnie” Rosja zaczęła postrzegać obszary poradzieckie jako swą najbliższą strefę wpływów. Po wybuchu wojny na Ukrainie, a następnie aneksji Krymu, państwa bałtyckie oraz Polska nie miały wątpliwości co do istnienia bezpośredniego zagrożenia ze strony Federacji Rosyjskiej. Obecnie państwa europejskie mają świadomość, iż Rosja prowadzi wojnę na wielu frontach, mimo że nie zostały faktycznie wypowiedziane. Jest to wojna cybernetyczna, dyplomatyczna, hybrydowa oraz propagandowa. Jednakże największy niepokój budzą działania w sferze militarnej i arsenał jądrowy będący w posiadaniu Rosji. Stabilność w regionie zapewnia Sojusz Północnoatlantycki, którego polityka jest odpowiedzią na agresywne działania Federacji Rosyjskiej zagrażające bezpieczeństwu państw regionu Morza Bałtyckiego.Russia has always carried out activities which strengthened its geostrategic position in the world. When the international order was transformed after “the cold war”, Russia began to perceive the post-soviet territories as its closest zone of influence. After the break out of the war in Ukraine and then the annexation of Crimea, the Baltic states and Poland had no doubt concerning a direct threat from Russia. Currently European countries are aware that Russia wages wars on many fronts. Although they have not been actually declared, they are really taking place. It is a cybernetic, diplomatic, hybrid and propaganda war. However, the greatest threat is the nuclear arsenal that Russia possesses. Stability in the region is ensured by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, whose policy is a response to the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation, which threaten the security of the countries of the Baltic Sea region
Mocarstwowa polityka Federacji Rosyjskiej współczesnym zagrożeniem dla bezpieczeństwa Polski i regionu Morza Bałtyckiego
Get PDFRussia has always carried out activities which strengthened its geostrategic position in the world. When the international order was transformed after “the cold war”, Russia began to perceive the post-soviet territories as its closest zone of influence. After the break out of the war in Ukraine and then the annexation of Crimea, the Baltic states and Poland had no doubt concerning a direct threat from Russia. Currently European countries are aware that Russia wages wars on many fronts. Although they have not been actually declared, they are really taking place. It is a cybernetic, diplomatic, hybrid and propaganda war. However, the greatest threat is the nuclear arsenal that Russia possesses. Stability in the region is ensured by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, whose policy is a response to the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation, which threaten the security of the countries of the Baltic Sea regio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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