1,720,976 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Ovarialkarzinomzellen sekretieren das zytoprotektive Hitzeschockprotein HSP27 abhängig von der intrazellulären Proteinkonzentration jedoch unabhängig vom sekretorischen Stoffwechselweg des Endoplasmatischen Retikulums
No full textEin Mangel an spezifischen Symptomen und diagnostischen Möglichkeiten verhindert häufig eine frühe Diagnosestellung und damit eine effektive Therapie des OC. Das Hitzeschockprotein HSP27 ist in die Progression vieler maligner Krebserkrankungen involviert und nachweislich in einer Vielzahl solider Tumoren hochreguliert. HSP27-Serumspiegel korrelieren mit der Aggressivität und Chemotherapieresistenz des OC. Daher stellt HSP27 einen potentiellen Biomarker für die Diagnostik, Prognose und Therapie des OC dar.
Die aktive Sekretion von HSP27 wurde bereits für diversen Zelltypen beschrieben und findet auch in Zellen ovariellen Ursprungs statt. Daher wurde die HSP27-Sekretion in dieser Arbeit im Zellkulturmodell mit den Ovarialkarzinomzelllinien OVCAR-3, SK-OV-3 und TOV-21G untersucht. Die Überexpression von HSP27 wurde sowohl gentechnisch mittels des DNA-Vektors pHSP27, als auch mittels Hitzeschock-Behandlung simuliert. Western Blot und ELISA Messungen dienten der Bestimmung der intra- und extrazellulären HSP27-Konzentration. Die Inhibition des intrazellulären Proteintransportes durch das ER wurde durch BFA realisiert. Der Transfektion der Zellen mit dem Vektor pHSP27 folgte eine Steigerung der intrazellulären HSP27-Expression. Diese war assoziiert mit signifikant erhöhten extrazellulären HSP27-Konzentrationen. Diese Ergebnisse konnten durch die Hitzeschock-Versuche bestätigt werden. Die Inhibition des ER-abhängigen intrazellulären Transportmechanismus durch BFA lässt auf eine aktive Sekretion von HSP27 über einen alternativen Mechanismus schließen.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde gezeigt, dass die HSP27-Sekretion in OVCAR-3, SK-OV-3 und TOV-21G Zellen von der intrazellulären HSP27-Konzentration abhängig, aber unabhängig von ER-Transportmechanismen in den Ovarialkarzinomzellen ist. Die Anwesenheit von HSP27 im Serum von Patientinnen deutet darauf hin, dass die HSP27-Sekretion eine Funktion bzgl. der Tumorprogression des OC besitzt. Daher könnte die Konzentration an sekretiertem HSP27 als Biomarker für Diagnostik und Therapieverlauf sowie intrazelluläres HSP27 als Zielmolekül für die Therapie des Ovarialkarzinoms von Bedeutung sein.A lack of specific symptoms and biomarkers avoids early diagnosis and effective therapy of ovarian cancer (OC). The heat shock protein HSP27 has been correlated in ovarian cancer (OC) patients with aggressiveness and chemoresistance, it is up-regulated in numerous solid tumors and it is frequently involved in cancer progression. Therefore, HSP27 represents a promising potential biomarker for OC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response.
Notably, secretion of soluble HSP27 has been described by a few cell types and may take place as well in OC cells. Hence, we studied HSP27 secretion mechanisms under diverse cellular conditions in an OC cell model system. OC cell lines OVCAR-3, SK-OV-3, and TOV-21G were used for cell culture experiments. HSP27 overexpression experiments were done by transfection of the DNA plasmide pHSP27 and by cells undergoing heat-shock treatment. Intracellular and extracellular levels of HSP27 were determined by Western Blotting and ELISA, respectively. Inhibition of the protein secretory machinery was done by brefeldin A treatment.
pHSP27 transfection experiments demonstrated an increase of intracellular HSP27 expression being associated with significantly elevated levels of extracellular HSP27 protein. These data were affirmed by heat-shock experiments which induced endogenously expressed HSP27. Again, rising intracellular HSP27 concentrations were accompanied with raised HSP27 amounts in the cell culture supernatant. Inhibition of the cellular main secretory pathway by brefeldin A demonstrated no secretion of HSP27 via the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) pointing to alternative secretory pathways.
The present study demonstrates that HSP27 secretion by OVCAR-3, SK-OV-3 and TOV-21G ovarian cancer cells depends on intracellular HSP27 concentrations. Moreover, HSP27 secretion is independent of the endoplasmic reticulum secretory pathway. In the context of tumor biology the functional implications of cell-free HSP27 in body fluids remain unclear as cytoprotective effects are committed to intracellular factors of cell-signaling and effector cascades. However, the presence of HSP27 in blood of ovarian cancer patients may indicate that secreted HSP27 might have a function in OC progression. Secreted HSP27 may be an extracellular factor which controls the tumor microenvironment and thus representing a noninvasive biomarker as well as a promising therapy target for OC patients
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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