1,720,953 research outputs found
Bugles and Boundaries: a comparative analysis between free ranging and restricted elk breeding behavior
No full textEastern elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) were pronounced extinct by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the late 1800s (Shoemaker, 1939). Since that time, efforts have been made to reintroduce elk from western states into their native eastern range, and now inhabit Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky. Elk were first brought to Kentucky from Elk Island National Park, Alberta, Canada, as part of an experiment to demonstrate their ability to help maintain healthy prairie habitats. These elk reside in the Land Between the Lakes, Elk and Bison Prairie (EBP), which includes 700 acres of fenced-in grassland habitat shared between elk and bison. This EBP herd has been instrumental for continued restoration of elk into Tennessee, North Carolina, and West Virginia. This large amount of space creates an environment for elk to thrive; however, not being able to roam freely may influence their behavior.
Elk rut, or their mating season, typically occurs early September through mid October (Wichrowski, 2005). During this time, bull (male) elk use vocalization, called bugling, to attract females (cows) and ward off rival bulls. These bugles can vary in pitch, frequency, and duration, depending on the male’s age and intentions (Thomas, 1980). The vocalization as well as mating behavior are tightly related in larger elk populations. A study done in Rocky Mountain National Park found the frequency of male elk bugles displayed a specific function when attracting mates (Feighny, et al., 2006). However, few studies have compared how elk mating behavior and bugling frequency differs in captive situations like the EBP. Because successful reproduction is important at EBP for future restoration efforts, understanding how mating behavior differs in a captive setting may help future management efforts while also assisting in future restoration of the species in the wild.
Because the male elk in EBP are constrained into a limiting space, they are not able to move females away from other males as they would in a free-range population. A possible outcome of this could lead to more frequent and aggressive bugling. Additionally, the restricted area may shift male behavior from following and defending harems, to more territorial patterns. In this case we would expect to observe the same males and females occupying the same areas, rather than moving in circles and having a wide range.
Here we propose to analyze elk calls and behavior to test these hypotheses. The behavioral observations and audio recording will be analyzed to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of breeding behavior across the rut and different locations within the prairie. The data will be compared to published data and research from free-ranging elk populations, including the source population, to identify any potential difference in breeding behavior due to captivity (McCullough 1969; Geist, 1966; Struhsaker 1967).
All of the data collected will provide an understanding of elk mating behavior and vocalization within a managed setting. During the Spring 2026 semester, we will use the collected data to compare elk behavior in captive elk at EBP to free-ranging elk in other studies. To complete this project, we request $800. Our budget includes a spotting scope used for behavioral data, gas money, the cost of batteries for the audiomoths, and a potential AI software to help combine audiomoth data
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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