1,354,127 research outputs found
Machine learning algorithm for tracking a swarm of mobile millirobots
No full textStrojno učenje, podveja umetne inteligence, se je v zadnjih letih uveljavilo kot obetavno
orodje s sposobnostjo inoviranja industrij, lajšanja vsakdana ter oblikovanja prihodnosti
družbe. Zaradi njegovega izjemnega računalniškega potenciala se strojno učenje vedno
pogosteje pojavlja tudi za reševanje problemov v večrobotskih sistemih. Detekcijski
algoritem YOLOv5 smo s pomočjo strojnega učenja izurili za prepoznavanje milirobotov z
računalniškim vidom. Izdelali smo program v programskem jeziku Python, ki s pomočjo
izurjenega detekcijskega algoritma in algoritma sledenja DeepSORT omogoča detekcijo in
sledenje posameznih milirobotov v roju. Program shranjuje podatke o lokacijah milirobotov
in omogoča vizualizacijo njihovega gibanja. Uspešno realizacijo programa smo preverili s
pomočjo robotske testne celice s sistemom štirih kamer.Machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, has established itself in recent years as
a promising tool with the ability of innovating industries, making everyday life easier and
shaping the future of our society. Due to its extraordinary computational potential, machine
learning is increasingly used to solve problems in multi-robot systems. We trained the
YOLOv5 detection algorithm with the help of machine learning to recognize individual
millirobots using computer vision. We coded a program using the programming language
Python, which, with the help of the trained detection algorithm and the DeepSORT tracking
algorithm, detects and tracks millirobots in a swarm. The program stores the location data of
individual millirobots and enables the visualization of their movements. The program has
been tested in a robot test cell with a four-camera system
Plant coexistence in a olive grove with emphasis on jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.)
No full textŽe od antičnih časov je bilo mešanje kulturnih rastlin običajna praksa, s pojavom mehanizacije pa se je začelo uveljavljati monokulturno kmetijstvo. Namen diplomskega projekta je bil preučiti vpliv sobivanja koristnih rastlin v oljčniku in ob tem najti način za zmanjšanje vpliva človekovega poseganja v naravo. Spontana ozelenitev v oljčniku zmanjša erozijo in izboljša rodovitnost tal. Rastline v oljčniku pripomorejo k kroženju hranil, večanju biotske raznovrstnosti in hkrati služijo kot dodaten produkt. Neketere rastline delujejo kot repelnt za insekte, druge pa privabljajo določene insekte, ki parazitirajo oljčne škodljivce. V diplomskem projektu je poseben poudarek na divjem šparglju ter žižoli. V poglavju o divjem šparglju je opisana tudi vzgoja od semena do odrasle rastline. Špargelj v oljčniku nima posebnega pomena in pridelovalcu služi kot dodaten produkt. Žižola pa je v oljčnih nasadih zaželjena, saj privablja žuželko Psytalia conclor, ki parazitra oljčno muho.Intercropping has been a common practice in agriculture since antiquity but with the rising use of agricultural machinery monocultures have become more prevalent. The purpose of the following work was to study the effect of coexistence of various useful plant species in the olive grove and how to diminish the human impact on nature. The spontaneous vegetation in the olive grove reduces soil erosion and improves soil fertility. Plants participate in the nutrient cycle, increase biodiversity and can be used as additional crop products. Some plant species can work as insect repellents while others can attract insects that parasite the olive tree pests. A special focus was given to wild asparagus and jujube, the chapter on wild asparagus also describes the process of cultivating it from seed to fully grown plant. The asparagus itself has no special benefit in the olive grove but can work as additional crop product. The jujube on the other hand can be a valuable addition as it attracts the insect Psytalia conclor which parasites the olive fruit fly
The age of the Kleva intrusion, southeast Sweden
No full textThe Kleva nickel-copper mineralization is situated within a gabbro-diorite intrusion on the border between the late Svecofennian rocks of the Oskarshamn-Jonkoping belt and rocks of the slightly younger Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB). The sulphides present in the mafic intrusion are pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite and pyrite, occurring as massive mineralization, disseminations and thin, predominantly chalcopyrite-bearing veins. Age determinations of the gabbro-diorite were conducted to determine the age of the mineralization and its regional context. U-Pb analyses of baddeleyite (TIMS) and zircon (SIMS) from the gabbro-diorite and related rocks indicate an age of c. 1.79 Ga for the Kleva intrusion, broadly coeval with the TIB-rocks in the area, but younger than the late Svecofennian rocks. Further studies will help to constrain whether the sulphide mineralization was modified during later alteration, regional tectonism and metamorphism
Assessment of changes in aboveground tree biomass after the reconstruction of the Linhart Street in Ljubljana using field measurements and airbone laser scanning (Lidar)
No full textMestna drevesa igrajo ključno vlogo pri izboljšanju mikroklimatskih razmer, saj znižujejo temperaturo in blažijo učinek urbanega toplotnega otoka, s čimer prispevajo k omilitvi podnebnih sprememb. Diplomsko delo ocenjuje spremembe količin nadzemne biomase (AGB) dreves pred in po rekonstrukciji odseka Linhartove ulice v Ljubljani, pri čemer primerja terenske meritve s podatki zračnega laserskega skeniranja. Glavni cilj je bil oceniti, ali kombinacija podatkov zračnega laserskega skeniranja (LiDAR) in terenskih meritev zagotavlja zanesljive ocene AGB v urbanem okolju ter izračunati zmanjšanje AGB zaradi poseka ali preselitve dreves. Terenske meritve so bile izvedene na 142 drevesih, pri čemer so bili zabeleženi DBH, višina dreves in drevesna vrsta. Na osnovi ALS podatkov Mestne občine Ljubljana smo na spletni platformi Flai (www.flai.ai) s pomočjo algoritma Forestry FlaiNet zaznali lokacije dreves in njihove višine. S pomočjo alometričnih enačb smo po treh metodah izračunali količino AGB. Ugotovili smo, da so bile višine dreves, pridobljene iz podatkov ALS, v povprečju 1,1 m nižje od terenskih meritev. Poleg tega je bila ugotovljena napaka določitve (10,1 %), kar pomeni, da je algoritem v ALS podatkih precenil število dreves, medtem ko je napaka opustitve (3,8 %) pokazala, da algoritem ni zaznal nekaterih dreves. Izračuni količine AGB so pokazali, da je metoda, ki temelji na terenskih meritvah, dala najvišje vrednosti, medtem ko je metoda modeliranega DBH in ALS višin dreves podcenila količino AGB za 27 %. Po rekonstrukciji ulice je na obravnavanem območju ostalo le 28 % prvotne AGB, kar pomeni 72 % zmanjšanje biomase zaradi odstranitve ali preselitve dreves.Urban trees play a crucial role in improving microclimatic conditions by reducing temperature and mitigating the urban heat island effect, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation. This thesis assesses changes in the amount of aboveground biomass (AGB) of trees before and after the reconstruction of a section of Linhartova Street in Ljubljana, comparing field measurements with airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. The main objective was to evaluate whether a combination of ALS data (LiDAR) and field measurements provides reliable AGB estimates in an urban environment and to quantify AGB reduction due to tree removal or relocation. Field measurements were conducted on 142 trees, recording their diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, and species. Based on ALS data from the Municipality of Ljubljana, tree locations and heights were detected using the Forestry FlaiNet algorithm on the online platform Flai (www.flai.ai). Using allometric equations, AGB was calculated through three methods. The results showed that tree heights obtained from ALS data were, on average, 1.1 meters lower than those from field measurements. Additionally, a commission error of 10,13 % was identified, indicating that the algorithm overestimated the number of trees in the ALS data, while the omission error (3,8 %) showed that some trees were not detected by the algorithm. AGB calculations revealed that the method based on field measurements yielded the highest biomass values, whereas the method using modeled DBH and ALS-derived heights underestimated AGB by 27 %. Following the street reconstruction, only 28 % of the original AGB remained in the studied area, representing a 72 % reduction in biomass due to tree removal or relocation
Pardon - The necessity of the institute in the modern criminal law systems
No full textBit, funkcijo pomilostitve in njeno umestitev v pravo se da razumeti samo gledano iz zgodovinske perspektive, zato je nujno spremljati njen nastanek in razvoj od zgodnjih povojev pa vse do danes.
V različnih pravnih redih je pomilostitev služila različnim funkcijamod ublaževanja strogosti kazenskega prava, zlasti zamenjavo smrtne kazni za milejšo, do zavračanja kazenske odgovornosti oseb nesposobnih za razsodno odločanje in navsezadnje zaradi določenih družbeno-političnih interesov. Tradicionalno je pomilostitev uporabljal vladar pri izvrševanju svoje moči, ki je bila toliko večja, kolikor trdnejša je bila vez z njegovimi podaniki, slednjo pa je krepil tudi z izkazovanjem milosti in velikodušnosti. Danes se ga v tej obliki \u27\u27kraljevskega prava\u27\u27 uporablja vse redkeje, saj mora imeti pomilostitev racionalni cilj.
Institut pomilostitve je integralni del ustavne sheme vseh jurisdikcij. V pravnih sistemih različnih tipov so funkcije instituta polivalentne, kar kaže, da gre za kompleksen in občutljiv instrument. Primerjalno gledano pripada diskrecijska odločitev šefu države oziroma najvišjemu izvršilnemu telesu, zelo malo držav je podelilo to \u27\u27upravičenje\u27\u27 zakonodajni, nobena pa sodni veji oblasti. Tako sta se razvila dva modela prava milostievropski in anglosaksonski.
Prvi iz pravnega vidika strogo loči pomilostitev od amnestije, kot dve popolnoma različni obliki odpustas pomilostitvijo, ne glede na njeno obliko, se odpušča samo izvrševanje kazni, medtem ko se z amnestijo briše tudi obsodbo. Drugi model pa pravno ne razlikuje teh dveh institutov, vendar je v pravo pomilostitve vključena tudi amnestija, saj poznajo države common law tudi generalno pomilostitev ( general pardon ), ki praktično ustreza \u27\u27evropski\u27\u27 definiciji amnestije. V tem modelu služi pomilostitev za niz različnih ciljev, za katere je evropski model razvil posebne institute, na primer revizijo, ki jo kot procesno ustanovo države common law ne poznajo.
Glede na polivalentnost instituta je težko določiti tudi samo pravno naravo slednjega. V formalnem smislu je govora o individualnem pravnem aktu, kot diskrecijski oblasti upravnopravne narave, katerega učinek je neekstenziven, vendar erga omnes. Veliko težje je podati definicijo materialnega pojmovanja, saj si tudi stroka ni enotna. O zakonodajni naravi ne moremo govoriti, ker se s pomilostitvijo niti ne spreminja niti ne ukinja občo pravno normo, temveč samo suspendira njeno uporabo. Sodni akt ni, ker se ne izdaja nobene nove odločbe, prav tako ostaja konstatacija sodišča o krivdi nedotaknjena, čeprav drži, da se s pomilostitvijo poseže v najpomembnejši del odločbe, odmero kazni.
Z ohranitvijo instituta pomilostitve želi država slediti najrazličnejšim ciljemod državno-političnih, do odprave sodnih napak, zaradi načela pravičnosti in ohranjanja stabilnosti veljavnega kazenskopravnega sistema. Sama sem seveda mnenja, da je možno tem istim ciljem zadostiti tudi z drugimi instrumenti v okviru pravnih sredstev. V ta namen imamo v sodobnih demokratičnih državah na voljo obnovo postopka pa tudi izredno omilitev kazni, zaradi katere je možno napasti tudi pravnomočno sodno odločbo, pri čemer bo sodišče tisto, ki bo ponovno odmerilo kazen, upoštevaje okoliščine, ki so zanje relevantne in se redno preverjajo v postopku dokazovanja. Kazen je možno omiliti oziroma prilagoditi tudi naknadno s pogojnim odpustom, če se tekom njenega izvrševanja izkaže, da si ga je obsojenec \u27zaslužil\u27 oziroma, da ni več potrebe, da bi se kazen še naprej vršila v obstoječi obliki. Zaradi načela pravičnosti in gotovosti kazni sem mnenja, da je primernejša od pomilostitve uporaba prav teh sredstev.
Upravičenost obstoja instituta je potrebno presojati znotraj vsakokratne kaznovalne politike, ki se odraža v ureditvi kazenske zakonodaje, ki se od časa do časa spreminja. Ravno antični sistem kaznovanja je namreč, zaradi svoje krutosti in surovosti ter drugačnemu pojmovanju funkcije kazni, spodbudil potrebo po tem institutu. Z razvojem prava, kThe essence, the function of the pardon and its placement in the law can be only understood from a historical perspective and because of this it is necessary to follow its formation and development from its early stages until today.
The institute of pardon had served in different law systems to different functionsfrom the mitigation of the rigidity of criminal law, especially the replacement of the death penalty for milder ones, until the rejection of the criminal liability of subjects unfit for judicial decisions and ultimately, because of certain social-political interests. Traditionally, the pardon was used by the Ruler in his exercise of his sovereign powers which were as much larger as was stronger the bond between him and his serfs. He strengthened the latter also by demonstrating grace and generosity. Today this form of “royal law” is used lesser and lesser, since every pardon must have a rational goal.
The institute of pardon it is an integral part of the constitutional scheme of all jurisdictions. In legal systems of different kinds the functions of such institute is polyvalent, indicating that this is a complex and sensitive instrument. Comparatively speaking, the discretionary decision belongs to the Chief of the State or to the highest executive body, very few countries had awarded this “right” to the legislative branch and none to the judiciary one. Thus two models of pardon law have developedthe European and the Anglo-Saxon.
The first one, from a legal point of view, strictly separates clemency from amnesty, as two absolutely different types of redundancythe clemency, regardless of its form, pardons only the enforcement of the sentence itself, while the amnesty wipes the conviction, too. The other model on the other part, legally does not distinguish between these two institutes, but includes in the law of pardon also the amnesty, as common law countries accept also the general pardon (general pardon), which practically corresponds to the \u27\u27European\u27\u27 definition of amnesty. In this model the amnesty is used for a different range of objectives, for which the European model developed special institutes, such as the review, that are unknown in the common law countries as a procedural institution.
Since the polyvalence of the institution it is difficult to determine its legal nature itself. In formal terms, we are talking about an individual legal act, as a discretionary power of an administrative nature, with a non extensive but an erga omnes effect. It is much more difficult to give a substantive definition of the concept, as the profession itself it is not united in the matter. We cannot speak about a legislative nature since the pardon does not change nor eliminates the common legal norm but only suspends its use. It is not a juridical act, since no new decision was issued, also the Court perception about guilt remains untouched, although it is true that the act of pardon intervene on the most important part of the decision, the assessment of penalties.
With the maintenance of the institute of pardon, the State wants to follow a wide variety of objectivesfrom the state-political ones to the abolition of judicial errors, because of the principle of justice and the maintenance of the stability of the current criminal justice system. I surly believe that is possible to follow these same objectives also with other instruments in the limits of the existing legal solutions. For these purposes modern democratic countries have on their disposition the retrial and also the extraordinary mitigation of punishment that can also attack the final judgment, where the Court will be the one to re-determine the penalty, taking in to account the circumstances, relevant for them and that are regularly checked during the procedure of taking evidence. The penalty can be mitigated or adjusted also with a subsequent conditional discharge, if during its execution come to evidence that the convicted had \u27earned\u27 it or that the necessity of the further execution of the penalty in the existing form does
The impact of the quality of the emergency call process on the successful performance of dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation
No full textUvod: Zdravstveni dispečer ima pomembno vlogo v verigi preživetja, saj ima pomembno vlogo pri prepoznavi nenadnega srčnega zastoja, pri nudenju navodil za oživljanje po telefonu ter pri zagotavljanju hitrega dostopa do AED in čimprejšnjo aktivacijo ustreznih ekip NMP, kar pripomore k boljšemu preživetju pacientov po PNSZ. Raziskovalne metode: Za teoretična izhodišča naloge smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo zbiranja podatkov in analizo pridobljenih podatkov s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature. Enocentrična retrospektivna raziskava temelji na kvantitativni metodologiji. Rezultati: Med 49 analiziranimi primeri PNSZ je bilo 57,1 % moških. Zdravstveni dispečerji so v 44,9 % primerov preverili kakovost dihanja. V 40,8 % primerih je bilo prisotno agonalno dihanje, ventrikularna fibrilacija pa je bila kot najpogosteje zabeležen inicialni ritem prisotna v 25 %. Ob prisotnosti agonalnega dihanja so zdravstveni dispečerji PNSZ prepoznali v 35 %, navodila za izvajanje KPO-AD pa so podali v 25 %. Ob odsotnosti dihanja so PNSZ prepoznali v 51 %, navodila za KPO-AD pa so podali v 48,3 %. Če so zdravstveni dispečerji podali navodila za izvajanje KPO-AD je 14,3 % pacientov preživelo 30 dni oziroma do odpusta iz bolnišnice. Sklep: Za razliko od ostalih raziskav smo v naši raziskavi ugotovili, da KPO-AD in krajši dostopni časi do kraja intervencije ne vplivajo k večjemu preživetju po PNSZ, vendar pa dostopni časi v naši raziskavi v 80 % presegajo 8 minut, ko preživetje po PNSZ kljub izvajanju KPO-AD drastično pada in izvajanje KPO-AD nima več bistvenega vpliva na preživetje.Introduction: The emergency medical dispatcher has an important role in the chain of survival, because he has an important role in recognizing sudden heart failure, giving instructions for resuscitation over the phone, ensuring quick access to AED, and activating the appropriate EMS teams as soon as possible, thereby contributing to a better survival of OHCA patients. Research methods: For the theoretical starting points of the task, we used the descriptive method of data collection and analysis of the acquired data with a review of professional and scientific literature. Enocentric retrospective research is based on quantitative methodology. Results: There was 57.1 % of men among 49 OHCA analyzed cases. In 44.9 % of cases, emergency medical dispatcher checked the quality of breathing. In 40.8 % of cases, agonal respiration was present, and ventricular fibrillation was the most commonly observed initial rhythm present in 25 %. In the presence of agonal respiration, medical dispatchers recognized the OHCA at 35 % and the instructions for implementing DA-CPR were presented in 25 %. In the absence of respiration, the OHCA was recognized at 51 % and the instructions for DA-CPR were presented in 48.3 %. If the medical dispatchers gave instructions for implementing DA-CPR, 14.3 % of patients survived 30 days or until they were discharged from the hospital. Conclusion: Unlike other studies, we found in our study that DA-CPR and shorter access times to the site of the intervention do not affect the survival of the OHCA, but the access times in our study in 80 % exceed 8 minutes when survival according to OHCA despite the implementation of DA-CPR drastically decreases and the implementation of DA-CPR no longer has a significant effect on survival
The age of the Kleva intrusion, southeast Sweden
No full textThe Kleva nickel-copper mineralization is situated within a gabbro-diorite intrusion on the border between the late Svecofennian rocks of the Oskarshamn-Jonkoping belt and rocks of the slightly younger Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB). The sulphides present in the mafic intrusion are pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite and pyrite, occurring as massive mineralization, disseminations and thin, predominantly chalcopyrite-bearing veins. Age determinations of the gabbro-diorite were conducted to determine the age of the mineralization and its regional context. U-Pb analyses of baddeleyite (TIMS) and zircon (SIMS) from the gabbro-diorite and related rocks indicate an age of c. 1.79 Ga for the Kleva intrusion, broadly coeval with the TIB-rocks in the area, but younger than the late Svecofennian rocks. Further studies will help to constrain whether the sulphide mineralization was modified during later alteration, regional tectonism and metamorphism
Kleva: some healers in central Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu
No full textWhole document restricted, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.This thesis is an ethnographic account of the kleva of central Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu - a handful of healers credited with powers beyond those of their neighbours. Their concerns include matters like illness, sorcery, witchcraft, spirits and dreaming. The account is based on seventeen months field research among the Kiai-speaking population on the south-east side of the upper Ari valley in south central Santo. My method is primarily descriptive. In the main body of the thesis I give accounts of face-to-face encounters and conversations with the kleva and their neighbours, attempting to build up a picture of the kleva that takes into consideration not only what they do, but also the meaning of their activities for themselves and for their neighbours. In the conclusion I discuss the relevance of my material to some problems in the ethnography of Melanesian religions. I also raise issues of interpretation, seen to lie at the core of both topic and method in ethnographic pursuits
Origin of the Kleva Ni-Cu sulphide mineralisation in Småland, southeast Sweden
No full textThe Kleva Ni-Cu sulphide deposit is situated within a gabbro-diorite intrusive complex in southeast Sweden. The basement north of the intrusive complex is dominated by 1.81–1.77 Ga granites of the Palaeoproterozoic Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB). Slightly older (1.83–1.82 Ga) rocks of the Oskarshamn Jönköping Belt, which hosts numerous syngenetic and epigenetic base metal mineralisations, occur just south of the Kleva intrusive complex. The aim of this PhD-thesis is to deduce the origin of the Kleva deposit, the mineralisation itself as well as its host rocks through geochemical, geochronological and petrological studies. U-Pb age determination of zircon dates igneous crystallisation to 1.79 Ga, which is the age of the Kleva intrusive complex and confirms its temporal association with the voluminous TIB magmatism. Major- and trace element systematics are in accordance with a basaltic magma that formed through partial melting of a metasomatically refertilised mantle wedge underneath an Andean-type continental magmatic arc. Lu-Hf signatures of zircon, together with other rocks of Palaeoproterozoic Fennoscandia indicate alternating stages of extension and compression across the subduction zone, facilitating ascent of the mafic magma. Evidence for contamination of the magma through crustal assimilation during its ascent are inconclusive. Low IPGE/Ni together with high S/Se, indicate sulphide melt saturation prior to final emplacement, possibly induced by crustal contamination. Nb/La vs La/Sm indicate contamination with mid-crustal rocks, and radiogenic Os of magmatic pyrite suggests <10% contamination with Archean crust. OJB aged rocks are thus unlikely contaminants, despite the numerous rock inclusions of similar geochemical composition within the intrusive complex. δ34S of Kleva mineralised rocks and the country rocks corresponds with the mantle range, and local or mantle origin of S can neither be proven nor rejected. Sulphide melt segregated from an evolved magma and partially accumulated into massive lenses, which is in accordance with a magmatic conduit setting. The mineralisation contains massive, net-textured and disseminated sulphides of typical magmatic association and is interpreted to be contemporaneous with silicate melt crystallisation, consistent with a Re-Os 1.71 ±0.2 Ga isochron for massive pyrite with magmatic texture. Re-Os isochrons of secondary pyrite indicate metamorphic disturbance of the mineralisation at least twice; at c. 1.61 Ga and 1.39 Ga, which can be linked to orogenic events further to the south and west. The mineralisation was heterogeneously affected by tectonic disturbance, resulting in remobilisation of chalcopyrite into veins, plastic deformation of sulphides and host rock, micro-faulting and brittle deformation of oxides and sulphides and recrystallisation of pyrite in fractures. To summarise, the deposit is an example of a subduction related magmatic Ni-Cu mineralisation affected by multi-stage deformation and alteration
- …
