130,466 research outputs found
Climate change adaptation and mitigation management options. A guide for natural resource managers in southern forest ecosystems
No full textxv , 476 : tablas , gráficos , mapas , ilustracionesChapter 1. Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Management Options / James M. Vose and Kier D. Klepzig. -- Chapter 2. Framing the Future in the Southern United States: Climate, Land Use, and Forest Conditions / David N. Wear, Thomas L. Mote, J. Marshall Shepherd, Binita K.C., and Christopher W. Strother. -- Chapter 3. A Conceptual Framework for Adaptive Forest Management under Climate Change / Thomas P. Holmes, Steve McNulty, James M. Vose, Jeffrey P. Prestemon, and Harbin Li. -- Chapter 4. Water Stress and Social Vulnerability in the Southern United States, 2010–2040 / Cassandra Johnson-Gaither, John Schelhas, Wayne Zipperer, Ge Sun, Peter V. Caldwell, and Neelam Poudyal. -- Chapter 5. Future Wildfire Trends, Impacts, and Mitigation Options in the Southern United States / Yongqiang Liu, Jeffrey P. Prestemon, Scott L. Goodrick, Thomas P. Holmes, John A. Stanturf, James M. Vose, Ge Sun. -- Chapter 6. Climate-Induced Changes in Vulnerability to Biological Threats in the Southern United States / Rabiu Olatinwo, Qinfeng Guo, Songlin Fei, William Otrosina, Kier D. Klepzig, Douglas Streett. -- Chapter 7. Adapting Silviculture to a Changing Climate in the Southern United States / James M. Guldin. -- Chapter 8. Productivity and Carbon Sequestration of Forest in the Southern United States / Kurt H. Johnsen, Tara L. Keyser, John R. Butnor, Carlos A. Gonzalez-Benecke, Donald J. Kaczmarek, Chris A. Maier, Heather R. McCarthy, and Ge Sun. -- Chapter 9. Managing Forest Water Quantity and Quality Under Climate Change / Daniel A. Marion, Ge Sun, Peter V. Caldwell, Chelcy F. Miniat, Ying Ouyang, Devendra M. Amatya, Barton D. Clinton, Paul A. Conrads, Shelby Gull Laird, Zhaohua Dai, J. Alan Clingenpeel, Yonqiang Liu, Edwin A. Roehl Jr., Jennifer A. Moore Meyers, Carl Trettin. -- Chapter 10. Climate-Induced Migration of Native Tree Populations and Consequences for Forest Composition / W. Henry McNab, Martin A. Spetich, Roger W. Perry, James D. Haywood, Shelby Gull Laird, Stacy L. Clark, Justin L. Hart, Scott J. Torreano, and Megan L. Buchanan. -- Chapter 11. Climate Change and Wildlife in the Southern United States: Potential Effects and Management Options / Cathryn H. Greenberg, Roger W. Perry, Kathleen E. Franzreb, Susan C. Loeb, Daniel Saenz, D. Craig Rudolph, Eric Winters, E.M. Fucik, M.A. Kwiatkowski, B.R. Parresol, J.D. Austin, and G.W. Tanner. -- Chapter 12. Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Participation in the Southern United States / J.M. Bowker, Ashley E. Askew, Neelam Poudyal, Stanley J. Zarnoch, and H. Ken Cordell. -- Chapter 13. Summary of Findings, Management Options, and Interactions / James M. Vose, Shelby Gull Laird, Zanethia D. Choice, and Kier D. Klepzig
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
The cost of intensive care medicine in Germany. Outcome of a benchmark survey of 110 anaesthesiological ICUs on the basis of the actual costs in 2009
No full textBackground: In 2003 the cost analysis of German intensive care units for the year 1999 was published by the working group "Anaesthesia and Economics" of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI) and the Association of German Anaesthetists (BDA). One of the aims of the original study was, in view of the upcoming introduction of the DRG system, to analyse the cost data of German intensive care units headed by anaesthetists. The objective of the follow-up study presented here was to analyse the 2009 cost data of German intensive care units to obtain a current picture of the cost situation 10 years after the first study and 6 years after the introduction of the DRG-System. Methods: In June 2010 all members of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine recorded as "Head of Department" were invited to participate in a postal survey. The questionnaire was based in part on the original 1999 cost analysis by Prien et al. It comprised sections dealing with the hospital, its resources and departments, the intensive care unit with its personnel and equipment, and the cost data for the year 2009. For data analysis the ICUs were clustered according to hospital size (499 beds, university hospitals). Data were analysed using MS Excel 2003 and IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Results: 110 anaesthetist-headed ICUs participated in the study. The number of beds per ICU increased with increasing size of the hospital. The percentage of intensive care patients on ventilatory support varied between 20% (small hospitals) and 50% (university hospitals). The ratio of nursing and physician staff per bed was appreciably higher in university hospitals than in the other hospital types (nursing: 0.35 +/- 0.07 beds per nurse vs. 0.52 +/- 0.13; 0.53 +/- 0.14; 0.49 +/- 0.11; physician: 1.4 +/- 0.3 beds/physician vs. 1.9 +/- 0.6; 2.1 +/- 0.7; 2.2 +/- 0.7). The costs for drugs and materials were higher for university hospitals (drugs: 155 +/- 72 euros vs. 55 +/- 29; 73 +/- 30; 81 +/- 28 euros; materials: 129 +/- 85 euros vs. 64 +/- 45; 77 +/- 60; 86 +/- 45 euros). In comparison to the 1999 study the higher costs for physicians contrast with a stagnation of inflation-adjusted nursing costs; the costs of drugs in university hospitals and the material costs in all hospital groups have increased considerably. The accurate assignment of costs to intensive care units and to individual cases apparently continues to be a problem for the hospital administration, even 6 years on from the introduction of the DRG system. A case-severity adjustment of costs proved impossible, due to inadequate recording of case severity data. Conclusions: Intensive care cost transparency remains less than optimal, so that benchmarking would seem possible only on the basis of a staff count. Adjustment for case severity, however, continues to be indispensable
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The cost of intensive care medicine in Germany. Outcome of a benchmark survey of 110 anaesthesiological ICUs on the basis of the actual costs in 2009
No full textBackground: In 2003 the cost analysis of German intensive care units for the year 1999 was published by the working group "Anaesthesia and Economics" of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI) and the Association of German Anaesthetists (BDA). One of the aims of the original study was, in view of the upcoming introduction of the DRG system, to analyse the cost data of German intensive care units headed by anaesthetists. The objective of the follow-up study presented here was to analyse the 2009 cost data of German intensive care units to obtain a current picture of the cost situation 10 years after the first study and 6 years after the introduction of the DRG-System. Methods: In June 2010 all members of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine recorded as "Head of Department" were invited to participate in a postal survey. The questionnaire was based in part on the original 1999 cost analysis by Prien et al. It comprised sections dealing with the hospital, its resources and departments, the intensive care unit with its personnel and equipment, and the cost data for the year 2009. For data analysis the ICUs were clustered according to hospital size (499 beds, university hospitals). Data were analysed using MS Excel 2003 and IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Results: 110 anaesthetist-headed ICUs participated in the study. The number of beds per ICU increased with increasing size of the hospital. The percentage of intensive care patients on ventilatory support varied between 20% (small hospitals) and 50% (university hospitals). The ratio of nursing and physician staff per bed was appreciably higher in university hospitals than in the other hospital types (nursing: 0.35 +/- 0.07 beds per nurse vs. 0.52 +/- 0.13; 0.53 +/- 0.14; 0.49 +/- 0.11; physician: 1.4 +/- 0.3 beds/physician vs. 1.9 +/- 0.6; 2.1 +/- 0.7; 2.2 +/- 0.7). The costs for drugs and materials were higher for university hospitals (drugs: 155 +/- 72 euros vs. 55 +/- 29; 73 +/- 30; 81 +/- 28 euros; materials: 129 +/- 85 euros vs. 64 +/- 45; 77 +/- 60; 86 +/- 45 euros). In comparison to the 1999 study the higher costs for physicians contrast with a stagnation of inflation-adjusted nursing costs; the costs of drugs in university hospitals and the material costs in all hospital groups have increased considerably. The accurate assignment of costs to intensive care units and to individual cases apparently continues to be a problem for the hospital administration, even 6 years on from the introduction of the DRG system. A case-severity adjustment of costs proved impossible, due to inadequate recording of case severity data. Conclusions: Intensive care cost transparency remains less than optimal, so that benchmarking would seem possible only on the basis of a staff count. Adjustment for case severity, however, continues to be indispensable
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Fungus Cultivation by Ambrosia Beetles: Behavior and Laboratory Breeding Success in Three Xyleborine Species
No full textFungus cultivation by ambrosia beetles is one of the four independently evolved cases of agriculture known in animals. Such cultivation is most advanced in the highly social subtribe Xyleborina (Scolytinae), which is characterized by haplodiploidy and extreme levels of inbreeding. Despite their ubiquity in forests worldwide, the behavior of these beetles remains poorly understood. This may be in part because of their cryptic life habits within the wood of trees. Here we present data obtained by varying a laboratory breeding technique based on artificial medium inside glass tubes, which enables behavioral observations. We studied species of the three most widespread genera of Xyleborina in the temperate zone: Xyleborus, Xyleborinus, and Xylosandrus. We raised several generations of each species with good breeding success in two types of media. The proportion of females of Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg producing offspring within 40 d depended significantly on founder female origin, which shows a transgenerational effect. Labor-intensive microbial sterilization techniques did not increase females' breeding success relative to a group of females shortly treated with ethanol. Gallery productivity measured as the mean number of mature offspring produced after 40 d varied between species and was weakly affected by the type of medium used and foundress origin (field or laboratory) in X. saxesenii, whereas different preparation mid sterilization techniques of the beetles had no effect. Behavioral observations showed the time course of different reproductive stages and enabled to obtain detailed behavioral inflammation in all species studied. We propose that the laboratory techniques we describe here are suited for extensive studies of sociality mid modes of agriculture in the xyleborine ambrosia beetles, which may yield important insights into the evolution of fungal agriculture and advanced social organization
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
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