1,721,007 research outputs found
Memory cost of temporal correlations
No full textA possible notion of nonclassicality for single systems can be defined on the basis of the notion of memory cost of classically simulating probabilities observed in a temporal sequence of measurements. We further explore this idea in a theory-independent framework, namely, from the perspective of general probability theories (GPTs), which includes classical and quantum theory as special examples. Under the assumption that each system has a finite memory capacity, identified with the maximal number of states perfectly distinguishable with a single measurement, we investigate what are the temporal correlations achievable with different theories, namely, classical, quantum, and GPTs beyond quantum mechanics. Already for the simplest nontrivial scenario, we derive inequalities able to distinguish temporal correlations where the underlying system is classical, quantum, or more general
Daemonic ergotropy: Generalised measurements and multipartite settings
Full text linkRecently, the concept of daemonic ergotropy has been introduced to quantify the maximum energy that can be obtained from a quantum system through an ancilla-assisted work extraction protocol based on information gain via projective measurements [G. Francica et al., npj Quant. Inf. 3, 12 (2018)]. We prove that quantum correlations are not advantageous over classical correlations if projective measurements are considered. We go beyond the limitations of the original definition to include generalised measurements and provide an example in which this allows for a higher daemonic ergotropy. Moreover, we propose a see-saw algorithm to find a measurement that attains the maximum work extraction. Finally, we provide a multipartite generalisation of daemonic ergotropy that pinpoints the influence of multipartite quantum correlations, and study it for multipartite entangled and classical states
Relationship between overcommitment and burnout: Does job satisfaction play a role?
No full textPurpose:
Using the COR (Conservation of Resources; Hobfoll, 1989) theory as a framework, we hypothesized that overcommitment plays a role in the burnout escalation process. We further specified our model by testing a moderation effect of job satisfaction. Specifically, we propose a mediational moderated model in which burnout increases overcommitment, which in its turn leads to an escalation of burnout one month later. We further expected a buffering effect of job satisfaction in the link between overcommitment and burnout at time 2.
Design/Methodology:
The study was conducted using a longitudinal (time lag: one month) design on all employees of the personnel department of the Autonomous Province of Trento in Italy (longitudinal response rate was 77,48%). To test our hypotheses we used the PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2012), computing a mediational moderated model.
Results:
Analyses confirmed our hypotheses. Overcommitment increased burnout over time, and job satisfaction moderated the negative impact of this excessive work involvement on employees exhaustion.
Limitations:
Our study is limited to a small sample of Italian workers employed in the public sector, so more research is necessary to extend our findings to other contexts.
Research/Practical Implications:
The buffering effect of job satisfaction could represent a compensation effect, that could mask, but not eliminate, the influence of overcommitment on burnout, with possible detrimental effects in the long run. Future research should address this problem.
Originality/Value:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to empirically address the moderating effect of job satisfaction in the burnout escalation process
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Adopting a person-environment perspective for the understanding of workplace bullying: A longitudinal investigation
No full textPURPOSE: Previous research on the development of bullying suggests that working conditions such as role stressors, high job demand and low control may promote the phenomenon via the stress process. Research has also shown, however, that personal vulnerability may be involved. By using a longitudinal design, the present study adopts a person-environment perspective and explores the hypothesis that distressing working conditions are related to bullying particularly for personally vulnerable employees.
METHODOLOGY: A follow up study with a one-year time lag has been conducted on employees (N=234; 86.3% females) of the health sector. Distressing working conditions were operationalized in terms of high job demands and low job control, while personal vulnerability in terms of mental distress.
RESULTS: Job demand positively affected the experience of bullying behaviour longitudinally, while neither job control nor job strain played an effect. Mental distress was not longitudinally related to the experience of bullying behaviour. However, mental distress strengthened the effect of job demand on bullying such that at higher mental distress the impact of job demand on bullying was stronger.
LIMITATIONS: The main limitation of this study is the difficulty in generalizing its results due to the small sample available.
IMPLICATIONS: The obtained results suggest that the prevention of bullying should focus on both distressing working conditions and distressed employees, in other words primary and secondary prevention should be adopted.
ORIGINALITY: The original features of the study are its longitudinal nature and the integration of work environmental and personal factors in the understanding of bullying
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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