95 research outputs found
Standardized and simplified extended pelvic lymph node dissection during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: The monoblock technique
No full textObjective: To describe a simplified technique of extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) for prostate cancer treated by robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Materials and Methods: The technique uses a standardized 10-step procedure to obtain a single tissue monoblock from each side that contains all lymph nodes within the ePLND template. We performed a prospective study of all patients with prostate cancer (n = 134) with a preoperative Gleason score of ≥7 and/or prostate-specific antigen level >10 ng/mL undergoing ePLND before RARP using transperitoneal access at our institute from July 2008 to August 2011. The standardized procedure consisted of 10 distinct surgical steps. Dissection obtained all lymph nodes and surrounding fatty tissue in a single monoblock applying the following ePLND template: cranially, the ureter crossing the common iliac artery; caudally, the femoral canal; laterally, the medial border of the external iliac artery; and medially, the medial border of the hypogastric artery. The number of resected lymph nodes and postoperative ePLND-related complications according to the modified Clavien classification were documented. Results: The median number of resected lymph nodes was 14 (interquartile range 11-19). Complications related to ePLND were seen in 8 patients (5.9%). Conclusion: The robot-assisted monoblock ePLND technique is simple to perform, offers a good overview of the operative field during the entire procedure, permits complete and radical removal of the lymphatic tissue contained in the ePLND template, and avoids spreading of fatty and lymphatic tissue within the abdominal cavity. © 2013 Elsevier Inc
Young people without training places in the Federal Republic of Germany. Vocational training information bulletin No. 1, March 1976
No full text
The Unpresentable: Artistic Biblioclasm and the Sublime
No full textThis study investigates the destruction of books carried out by artists during the second half of the twentieth century and the early years of the twenty-first century. It proposes the term 'artistic biblioclasm' as a general category that groups these processes together, and distinguishes this category from works of art that also deal with the theme of the book but make use of other media (rather than real books). In my own practice, various biblioclastic processes are applied, documented and then discussed in the thesis. I analyse the aesthetic, political, religious and other implications of artistic biblioclasm in my work, with particular emphasis on the cultural (and Catholic) context in which the work was shown: the Mediterranean islands of Malta and Gozo.
'Part One' opens with a review of the literature related to the theoretical perspectives that inform the thesis. This is followed by the 'Practice Methodology', which identifies the methods used in my work and offers some preliminary reflections about the theoretical dimensions of these methods.
'Part Two' explores the historical background of artistic erasure in the twentieth century and develops a descriptive and contextual typology of biblioclastic practices, classifying them into four groups: book alterations, biblioclastic book-objects, formless books and dematerialised books. 'Part Three' advances Jean-François Lyotard's work about the sublime in aesthetics as a viable theoretical framework that firmly defines artistic biblioclasm as a postmodern (rather than modem) artistic phenomenon. This connection with Lyotard's work is made possible by comparing the formlessness of the sublime to the loss of the book's 'form' in biblioclastic processes and also by linking some relatively little-known essays by Lyotard that focus on biblioclasm or the book to other, better-known areas such as the sublime and postmodernism.
'Part Four' focuses on the political and religious dimensions of biblioclasm and the problem of representation. It distinguishes between politically repressive or fundamentalist forms of biblioclasm and artistic biblioclasm. Lyotard's notion of the 'unpresentable' - influenced by his reflections on Judaism and the Holocaust - is examined and linked to earlier discussions about the sublime and to the work of some artists described in 'Part Two'. Analogously, in my practice the Catholic idea of the book as an authoritative figure ('Magisterium') is elaborated and 'deconstructed' in the actual processes that make use of doctrinal texts. The research concludes by interpreting artistic biblioclasm as an attack on the closure of the book (with Jewish undertones) and a form of resistance to totalising political or religious forces. In my work, dogmatic interpretations of books and their 'truth' are related to the threatening possibility of violence in contemporary societies, and are ultimately shown to be self-destructive
Social protection, rural development and the role of public administration in Ethiopia: an examination of the potential for developing employment generation schemes
No full textOver fifty per cent of the population of Ethiopia live below the poverty line and are therefore food insecure. Increasingly viewed as an important component of poverty reduction, social protection policies, such as the promotion of labour intensive public works, can serve as a springboard for pro-poor growth and a foundation for social risk management. The research assesses the Ethiopian Employment Generation Scheme (EGS) in the context of Amhara and Tigrai regional states through comparative research into Maharashtran experience. The aim of the research is to assess the implementation of EGS programmes against the objectives of the national policy and to examine the role of public administration in delivering social protection through EGS thereby reducing poverty levels by supporting sustainable rural livelihoods. The national policy seeks to effectively harness a potential 150 million labour days on the basis of existing relief resources alone thereby creating livelihood assets. However, social protection is often considered to be a high cost, low returns component of democratic governance. Experience highlights poor performance in planning and implementation. Reforms must be based on informed and applied study of the areas explored in the research: policy frameworks; implementation; organisational responsibilities; programme efficiency, effectiveness and relevance; short and long term impact; and. sustainability. Such research necessitates a sensitive combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Research findings show that the national policy provides an appropriate pro-poor framework for employment provision and asset creation while essential supportive measures have been neglected. Grassroots administrations remain incapacitated and central support for reform is often lacking. The research establishes a clear set of conclusions and recommendations for reform acknowledging the requirement for a decentralised, demand driven approach to policy design and expenditure management which promotes the comparative advantage of the poor and mainstreams EGS into other strategies for poverty reduction
Psychological impact of infertility among infertile women
No full textAbstractBackground and aim: Infertility is a important life event which it and its treatment can affect livesof couples. Infertility can cause various psychological-emotional disorders or consequences. The aim of this study was to explore psychological experiences of infertility and its treatment in infertile women attending to Vali-e-Asr Fertility Health Research Center Tehran,Iran. Methods: This qualitative study was carried out on 15 women with primary and secondaryinfertilityThe study was conducted in Vali-e-Asr Fertility Health Research Center in Tehran. A judgemental method was used to recruit participants in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and continued until data saturation. Simultaneously in process of data collection, the data analysis phase was performed with conventional content analysis method. Findings: main concepts emerged from the data were categorized into four main themes and theirsub-categories include: 1. Cognitive reactions of infertility 2. Cognitive reactions to therapy process 3. Emotional–affective reactions of infertility 4. Emotional–affective reactions to therapy process. Conclusion: This study showed that the infertility and its treatment process for Iranian infertilewomen is a source of psychological suffering with devastating effects on psychological well-being of infertile couples. The results also showed that one of the major causes of psychological distress is the social pressure by community members, while is less attention is paid to the sociocultural dimensions and consequences of infertility. Keywords: infertility; psychological; seeking treatment; content analysis REFERENCES Berek JS (2007). Berek & Novak’s Gynecology . 14th edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia. Bliss C (1999). The Social Construction of Infertility by Minority Women . (Dissertation). Available at: http:// gerrystahl.net/personal/family/dissertation.pdf/.Accessed Nov 5, 2012. Cousineau TM, Domar AD (2007). Psychological impact of infertility. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology . 21(2) 293- 308. Cwikel J, Gidron Y, Sheiner E (2004). "Psychological interactions with infertility among women: Review". European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology . 117(2) 126-31. Domar AD, Gordon K (2011)."The Psychological Impact of Infertility: Results of a national survey of men and women". Fertility and Sterility . 95(4)S17. Dyer SJ (2009). "Psychological and social aspects of infertility in developing countries". International Journalof Gynecology & Obstetrics . 107 (Supplement 2):S25-S26.Dyer SJ et al (2002). "Men leave me as I can not have childern: women’s experiences with involuntary childlessness". Human Reproduction. 17 (6)1663-1668.Gameiro S et al (2012). "Why do patients discontinue fertility treatment? A systematic review of reasons and predictors of discontinuation in fertility treatment". Human Reproduction Update.18(6) 652- 669.Gannon K, Glover L, Abel P (2004). "Masculinity, infertility, Stigma and media reports". Social Science &Medicine . 59(6) 1169-75.Greil AL, Blevins KS, McQuillan J (2010). "The experience of infertility: A review of recent literature". Sociology of Health & Illness . 32(1)140–162.Guerra D et al (1998). "Psychiatric morbidity in couples attending a fertility Service". Human Reproduction.13(6) 1733–1736. Hammerli K, Hansjorg Z, Barth J (2009). "The efficacy of psychological interventions for infertile patients: Ameta-analysis examining mental health and pregnancy rate".Human Reprod Update.15(3) 279-295.Hart VA (2002). "Infertility and the role of psychotherapy". Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 23(1) 31- 41.Inhorn MC, Birenbaum-Carmeli D (2008). "Assisted reproductive technologies and culture change". AnnualReview of Anthropology . 37: 96-177.Latifnejad R (2008). How religious faiths and spiritual beliefs affect the experiences of infertile women seekinginfertility treatments: A feminist grounded theory approach . (Dissertation). Guildford, University of Surrey.2008. Lechner L, Bolman C, van Dalen A (2007). "Definite involuntary childlessness: Associations between coping,social support and psychological distress".Human Reproduction. 22(1) 288-94.Noorbala A et al(2009)."[Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and types of personality in fertile and infertile women". Journal Reprod Infertil. 9(4) 350-360.(Persion).Polit DF, Beck CT (2006). Essentials of Nursing Research Methods, Appraisal and Utilization. 6th edition.Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Sami N, Tazeen S.A. "Perceptions and Experiences of Women in Karachi- Pakistan Regarding Secondary Infertility: Results from a Community-Based Qualitative Study". Obstetrics and Gynecology International Volume 2012. [ on line].< http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ogi/2012/108756>. [4 Nov 2012].Slade P et al (2007). "The relationship between perceived stigma, disclosure patterns, support and distress innew attendees at an infertility clinic".Oxford Journals, Medicine, Human Reproduction. 22(8) 2309-2317.Spannagel C, Gläser-Zikuda M, Schroeder U . "Application of qualitative content analysis in user-program interaction research". Forum Qualitative Social Research.2005, 6(2). [ on line].< http://www.qualitativeresearch.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/469>. [13 Oct 2012]. Vahidi S, Ardalan A, Mohammad K (2009). "Prevalence of primary infertility in the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2004-2005". Asian Pacific Journal of Public Health. 21(3) 287-293. (Persian).Van Balen F, Gerrits T (2001). "Quality of infertility care in poor-resource areas and the introduction of new reproductive technologies". Human Reproduction. 16(2) 215-219. Vayena E, Rowe PJ, Griffin PD . "Current Practices and Controversies in Assisted Reproduction". WorldHealth Organization.[ on line].< http://www.imamu.edu.sa/Scientific _selections/files/DocLib/report.pdf>.Published 2002. [13 Oct, 2012].Wiersema NJ et al. "Consequences of infertility in developing countries: Results of a questionnaire andinterview. Survey in the South of Vietnam".Journal of Translational Medicine. Published online 2006; 4:54. [ on line]. <http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186%2F1479-5876-4-54#page-1>. [5 Nov 2012]. Wischmann T (2008). "Psychosocial aspects of infertile couples ". Psychosocial Gynakol Geburtsmed GynakolEndokrinol . 4(3) 194–209. Psychological impact of infertility among infertile womenseeking treatment: A qualitative studySyede Batool Hasanpoor–Azghdy1, Masoumeh Simbar2,Abouali Vedadhir 3, Batool Hossein Rashid4 1. PhD Alumni of reproductive health, Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of nursing and midwifery, Shahid BeheshtiUniversity of Medical Science. Tehran, Iran.2. PhD, Associate professor in Reproductive Health, The Research Center for Safe Motherhood , Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery,Faculty of nursing and midwifery, Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences University. Tehran, Iran.3. PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.4. PhD, Associate professor in Obstetrician & Gynecologist , Department of Obstetrician & Gynecologist, Valie-Asr Reproductive Health ResearchCenter, Tehran Medical Sciences University. Tehran, Iran.Corresponding author: Masoumeh Simbar; msimabr@ yahoo.comAbstractBackground and aim: Infertility is a important life event which it and its treatment can affect livesof couples. Infertility can cause various psychological-emotional disorders or consequences. The aim of this study was to explore psychological experiences of infertility and its treatment in infertile women attending to Vali-e-Asr Fertility Health Research Center Tehran,Iran. Methods: This qualitative study was carried out on 15 women with primary and secondaryinfertilityThe study was conducted in Vali-e-Asr Fertility Health Research Center in Tehran. A judgemental method was used to recruit participants in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and continued until data saturation. Simultaneously in process of data collection, the data analysis phase was performed with conventional content analysis method. Findings: main concepts emerged from the data were categorized into four main themes and theirsub-categories include: 1. Cognitive reactions of infertility 2. Cognitive reactions to therapy process 3. Emotional–affective reactions of infertility 4. Emotional–affective reactions to therapy process. Conclusion: This study showed that the infertility and its treatment process for Iranian infertilewomen is a source of psychological suffering with devastating effects on psychological well-being of infertile couples. The results also showed that one of the major causes of psychological distress is the social pressure by community members, while is less attention is paid to the sociocultural dimensions and consequences of infertility. Keywords: infertility;psychological; seeking treatment; content analysis.REFERENCESBerek JS (2007).Berek & Novak’s Gynecology. 14th edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.Bliss C (1999). The Social Construction of Infertility by Minority Women. (Dissertation). Available at: http://gerrystahl.net/personal/family/dissertation.pdf/.Accessed Nov 5, 2012. Cousineau TM, Domar AD (2007). Psychological impact of infertility. Best Practice & Research ClinicalObstetrics & Gynaecology . 21(2) 293- 308.Cwikel J, Gidron Y, Sheiner E (2004). "Psychological interactions with infertility among women: Review". European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology . 117(2) 126-31.Domar AD, Gordon K (2011)."The Psychological Impact of Infertility: Results of a national survey of men and women". Fertility and Sterility. 95(4)S17. Dyer SJ (2009). "Psychological and social aspects of infertility in developing countries". International Journalof Gynecology & Obstetrics . 107 (Supplement 2):S25-S26.Dyer SJ et al (2002). "Men leave me as I can not have childern: women’s experiences with involuntary childlessness". Human Reproduction. 17 (6)1663-1668.Gameiro S et al (2012). "Why do patients discontinue fertility treatment? A systematic review of reasons and predictors of discontinuation in fertility treatment". Human Reproduction Update.18(6) 652- 669.Gannon K, Glover L, Abel P (2004). "Masculinity, infertility, Stigma and media reports". Social Science &Medicine . 59(6) 1169-75.Greil AL, Blevins KS, McQuillan J (2010). "The experience of infertility: A review of recent literature". Sociology of Health & Illness . 32(1)140–162.Guerra D et al (1998). "Psychiatric morbidity in couples attending a fertility Service". Human Reproduction.13(6) 1733–1736. Hammerli K, Hansjorg Z, Barth J (2009). "The efficacy of psychological interventions for infertile patients: Ameta-analysis examining mental health and pregnancy rate".Human Reprod Update.15(3) 279-295.Hart VA (2002). "Infertility and the role of psychotherapy". Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 23(1) 31- 41.Inhorn MC, Birenbaum-Carmeli D (2008). "Assisted reproductive technologies and culture change". AnnualReview of Anthropology . 37: 96-177.Latifnejad R (2008). How religious faiths and spiritual beliefs affect the experiences of infertile women seekinginfertility treatments: A feminist grounded theory approach . (Dissertation). Guildford, University of Surrey.2008. Lechner L, Bolman C, van Dalen A (2007). "Definite involuntary childlessness: Associations between coping,social support and psychological distress".Human Reproduction. 22(1) 288-94.Noorbala A et al(2009)."[Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and types of personality in fertile and infertile women". Journal Reprod Infertil. 9(4) 350-360.(Persion).Polit DF, Beck CT (2006). Essentials of Nursing Research Methods, Appraisal and Utilization. 6th edition.Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Sami N, Tazeen S.A. "Perceptions and Experiences of Women in Karachi- Pakistan Regarding Secondary Infertility: Results from a Community-Based Qualitative Study". Obstetrics and Gynecology International Volume 2012. [ on line].< http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ogi/2012/108756>. [4 Nov 2012].Slade P et al (2007). "The relationship between perceived stigma, disclosure patterns, support and distress innew attendees at an infertility clinic".Oxford Journals, Medicine, Human Reproduction. 22(8) 2309-2317.Spannagel C, Gläser-Zikuda M, Schroeder U . "Application of qualitative content analysis in user-program interaction research". Forum Qualitative Social Research.2005, 6(2). [ on line].< http://www.qualitativeresearch.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/469>. [13 Oct 2012]. Vahidi S, Ardalan A, Mohammad K (2009). "Prevalence of primary infertility in the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2004-2005". Asian Pacific Journal of Public Health. 21(3) 287-293. (Persian).Van Balen F, Gerrits T (2001). "Quality of infertility care in poor-resource areas and the introduction of new reproductive technologies". Human Reproduction. 16(2) 215-219. Vayena E, Rowe PJ, Griffin PD . "Current Practices and Controversies in Assisted Reproduction". WorldHealth Organization.[ on line].< http://www.imamu.edu.sa/Scientific _selections/files/DocLib/report.pdf>.Published 2002. [13 Oct, 2012].Wiersema NJ et al. "Consequences of infertility in developing countries: Results of a questionnaire andinterview. Survey in the South of Vietnam".Journal of Translational Medicine. Published online 2006; 4:54. [ on line]. <http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186%2F1479-5876-4-54#page-1>. [5 Nov 2012]. Wischmann T (2008). "Psychosocial aspects of infertile couples ". Psychosocial Gynakol Geburtsmed GynakolEndokrinol . 4(3) 194–209.
Application of mandatory rules in the private international law of contracts : a critical analysis of approaches in selected continental and common law jurisdictions, with a view to the development of South African law
No full textIncludes bibliographical referencesThis thesis is a comparative examination of the application of mandatory rules in the area of the private international law of contracts.] As will be seen during the course of this study, and as will be briefly noted in the following introductory remarks, this question arises in a number of situations. It prompts fundamental issues that have been debated for many years by academics all over the world. Some of the problems are still not fully settled
An Open Resource for Non-human Primate Optogenetics.
No full textOptogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience in small laboratory animals, but its effect on animal models more closely related to humans, such as non-human primates (NHPs), has been mixed. To make evidence-based decisions in primate optogenetics, the scientific community would benefit from a centralized database listing all attempts, successful and unsuccessful, of using optogenetics in the primate brain. We contacted members of the community to ask for their contributions to an open science initiative. As of this writing, 45 laboratories around the world contributed more than 1,000 injection experiments, including precise details regarding their methods and outcomes. Of those entries, more than half had not been published. The resource is free for everyone to consult and contribute to on the Open Science Framework website. Here we review some of the insights from this initial release of the database and discuss methodological considerations to improve the success of optogenetic experiments in NHPs
Lifetime and production rate of beauty baryons from Z decays
No full textThe production and decay of beauty baryons (b-baryons) have been studied using 1.7 x 10(6) Z hadronic decays collected by the DELPHI detector at LEP. Three different techniques were used to identify the b-baryons. The first method used pairs of a Lambda and a lepton to tag the b-baryon decay. The second method associated fully reconstructed Lambda(c) baryons with leptons. The third analysis reconstructed the b-baryon decay points by forming secondary vertices from identified protons and muons of opposite sign. Using these methods the following production rates were measured: f(b --> b-baryon) x BR(b-baryon --> Lambda l nu(l)X) = (0.30 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.04)%, f(b --> b-baryon) x BR(b-baryon --> Lambda(c)l nu(l)X) = (1.18 +/- 0.26(-0.21)(+0.31)%, f(b --> b-baryon) x BR(b-baryon --> p mu nu(mu)X) = (0.49 +/- 0.11 +/- (+0.15)(-0.11)%. The average b-baryon lifetime was determined to be: tau = 1.21(-0.18)(+.21)(stat.) +/- 0.04(exp.syst.)(-.07)(+.02)(th.syst,) ps
A Precise measurement of the B(d)0 meson lifetime using a new technique
No full textFrom data recorded by DELPHI between 1991 and 1994, which corresponds to 3.2 million hadronic Z(0) decays, a measurement of the <(B-d(0))over bar> meson lifetime, based on the inclusive reconstruction of 3520 +/- 150 semileptonic decays of the type <(B-d(0))over bar> --> D*+ l <(nu(l))over bar>, has been performed, The result is: tau(B-d(0)) = 1.532 +/- 0.041(stat.) +/- 0.040(syst.)ps. The contribution to the systematic uncertainty which depends on external errors is +/-0.015
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