1,366,645 research outputs found
General kinetic models for vehicular traffic flows and Monte-Carlo methods
No full textThe authors present a general framework of kinetic traffic flow models and show that various special cases are covered by their approach. Specifically, two models of Klar et al. and a model of Helbing are considered which differ in their car-car interaction rules. Then, a Monte Carlo discretization for the space homogeneous case of the general kinetic equation is developed. It is used to compute stationary solutions. Results for the specific models are presented and briefly discussed in the final section
STED-Inspired Cationic Photoinhibition Lithography
No full textDirect laser writing by two-photon lithography has been enhanced substantially during the past two decades by techniques borrowed from stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. However, STED-inspired lithography was so far limited to radical polymerizations, mostly to acrylates and methacrylates. Cationic polymers did not derive benefits from this technique. Specifically, epoxide polymerization, which plays a paramount role in semiconductor clean-room technology, has not yet been reported with a second, depleting laser focus in the outer rim of the point spread function. We now found that using a thioxanthone as a sensitizer and sulfonium or iodonium salts as photoinitiators enables at least partial optical on/off switching of two-photon polymerization and, in the case of the sulfonium salt, allows for writing epoxy lines with widths shrunk by approx. two-thirds compared to lines written with two-photon polymerization alone
Stimulated emission depletion microscopy with a single offset beam.
No full textWe demonstrate that an offset stimulated emission depletion (STED) beam breaks the diffraction barrier of fluorescence microscopy in both the lateral and the axial directions. A 2.5-fold axial reduction of the focal spot is accomplished through the ear-shaped lobes of the diffraction maximum of the STED beam. The effect of the minima and side maxima of the STED beam on the lateral and axial resolution is shown to be in remarkable agreement with theory. Conditions are given for which a regular STED beam reduces the axial extent of a confocal spot from 490 +/- 36 to 175 +/- 18 nm, and simultaneously from 183 +/- 12 to 70 +/-8 nm along the direction of the offset. The latter establishes the lowest reported value in far-field fluorescence microscopy
Subdiffraction resolution in far-field fluorescence microscopy.
No full textWe overcame the resolution limit of scanning far-field fluorescence microscopy by disabling the fluorescence from the outer part of the focal spot. Whereas a near-UV pulse generates a diffraction-limited distribution of excited molecules, a spatially offset pulse quenches the excited molecules from the outer part of the focus through stimulated emission. This results in a subdiffraction-sized effective point-spread function. For a 1.4 aperture and a 388-nm excitation wavelength spatial resolution is increased from 150 +/- 8 nm to 106 +/- 8 nm with a single offset beam. Superior lateral resolution is demonstrated by separation of adjacent Pyridine 2 nanocrystals that are otherwise indiscernible
Uniformly accurate schemes for relaxation approximations to fluid dynamic equations
No full textAbstractA relaxation system for the incompressible and compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations is considered. A numerical scheme working uniformly in the above limits is constructed using higher-order nonoscillatory upwind discretizations and higher-order implicit-explicit time discretization. Numerical results are presented for several test cases
Breaking Abbe's diffraction resolution limit in fluorescence microscopy with stimulated emission depletion beams of various shapes
No full textWe report on the generation of various hole-centered beams in the focal region of a lens and investigate their effectiveness to break the diffraction barrier in fluorescence microscopy by stimulated emission. Patterning of the phase of the stimulating beam across the entrance pupil of the objective lens produces point-spread-functions with twofold. fourfold, and circular symmetry, which narrow down the focal spot to 65-100 nm. Comparison with high-resolution confocal images exhibits a resolution much beyond the diffraction barrier. Particles that are only 65-nm apart are resolved with focused light
Replication data for: Partisanship in a Social Setting
No full textNo factor proves appears powerful in explaining how individuals evaluate political information and form political preferences than partisanship. Yet, virtually all work on the effects of partisanship on preference formation neglects the crucial role of social settings. In this study, I examine how social settings can fundamentally change the influence of partisanship on preferences. I demonstrate that, in fact, social settings exert an independent influence over preference formation--one that is even larger than the influence of partisan ambivalence. The central implication of these findings is that, going forward, we cannot fully explore how citizens apply their partisanship in evaluating political information without also accounting for the social settings in which individuals find their selves
Replication data for: Partisanship in a Social Setting
No full textNo factor proves appears powerful in explaining how individuals evaluate political information and form political preferences than partisanship. Yet, virtually all work on the effects of partisanship on preference formation neglects the crucial role of social settings. In this study, I examine how social settings can fundamentally change the influence of partisanship on preferences. I demonstrate that, in fact, social settings exert an independent influence over preference formation--one that is even larger than the influence of partisan ambivalence. The central implication of these findings is that, going forward, we cannot fully explore how citizens apply their partisanship in evaluating political information without also accounting for the social settings in which individuals find their selves
A preliminary catalogue of Qur’anic sajʿ techniques: beat patterning, parallelism, and rhyme
No full textChild\u27s gradual accustoming to kindergarten
No full textVstop v vrtec je pomemben dogodek v življenju otroka in staršev. Otroci niso glede prilagajanja nič drugačni od staršev. Otrok potrebuje čas, ljubezen, nežnost in podporo staršev.
Z diplomskim delom smo želeli predstaviti, kako pomembno je postopno privajanje otroka na vrtec. Zanimalo nas je, kako so starši in otroci navezani med seboj. Za tem smo opisali kakšne tipe navezanosti je moč pri otrocih opaziti na podlagi tuja situacija, ki ga je zasnovala Mary Ainsworth. Dotaknili smo se teme o zaupanju, kako družina vpliva na predšolskega otroka, kaj je vrtec kot ustanova in kakšen je njegov pomen. Sledi opis, na podlagi česa izbiramo vrtec in kako otroka vpišemo v vrtec. Zanimalo nas je, kakšne težave in stiske so doživljali otroci in starši med samim procesom privajanja, kakšne informacije so jih zanimale o vrtcu in privajanju na vrtec in zakaj je pomembno sodelovanje med vzgojitelji in starši. Zanimalo nas je še ali so otroci ob vstopu v vrtec imeli kakšne prilagoditvene težave.
V empiričnem delu smo raziskovali, kakšen način postopnega privajanja so izbrali starši za lažjo vključitev otroka v vrtec in kako dolgo je trajalo privajanje. V vzorec anketiranja smo zajeli 200 staršev predšolskih otrok, naključnih vrtcev prvega in drugega starostnega obdobja. Podatke smo zbrali s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika in jih obdelali s programom SPSS in Microsoft Excel ter tabelarično prikazali v diplomski nalogi.
Rezultati so pokazali, da so se starši v veliki večini odločili, da bodo otroka predčasno privajali na vrtec. S svojim načinom in časom privajanja so bili v večjem številu zadovoljni. Kako privajati otroka na vrtec in druge informacije o vrtcu, so starši največ dobili preko pogovora z vzgojitelji. Za določeni vrtec, pa so se starši v velikem številu odločili, ker je najbližje domu.Entering kindergarten is an important life event for a child and its parents. When it comes to accustoming, children are no different than their parents. A child needs time, love, tenderness and parental support.
With the diploma paper we tried to present the importance of child’s gradual accustoming to kindergarten. We were interested in the attachment between children and their parents. Moreover, we described which types of attachment can be observed with children, based on the concept of “strange situation”, designed by Mary Ainsworth. We touched on the subject of trust, on how a family influences a preschool child, discussed kindergarten as an institution and talked about its purpose. Furthermore, there is a description of the factors on which we base our kindergarten selection and our child’s enrollment into the institution. We were interested about the nature of problems and distresses that a child and its parents experience in the process of accustoming, which information about the kindergarten and about the accustoming they are seeking, and why is the cooperation between parents and kindergarten teachers so important. Also, we wanted to know if children had any trouble accustoming when they entered the kindergarten.
In the empirical part, we researched which type of gradual accustoming did the parents chose for an easier kindergarten integration of their child and how long did the accustoming take. The survey sample included 200 parents of preschool children from random kindergartens with the condition that the children were in their first or second age bracket. The data was collected with the help of a questionnaire and processed with SPSS and Microsoft Excel programs for a tabular presentation in the diploma paper.
The results showed that a large majority of parents decided for the gradual accustoming to kindergarten. They were also mainly satisfied with the type of accustoming. The majority of parents got the information about the accustoming and about the kindergarten from talking to a kindergarten teacher. The main reason why they decided for a certain kindergarten was its proximity to their home
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