1,721,000 research outputs found
Influence of the small GTPase Cdc42 on the CFTR secretory pathway in epithelialairway cells
No full textLa mucoviscidose est causée par des mutations du gène CFTR (p.Phe508del étant la plus fréquente). Celui-ci code pour la protéine CFTR qui constitue un canal chlorure exprimé à la face apicale des cellules épithéliales. Au niveau du reticulum endoplasmique (RE), le contrôle de qualité conformationnelle oriente la majorité du CFTR en cours de repliement vers une voie de dégradation. Une fraction limitée du WT-CFTR parvient cependant à se replier correctement et peut ensuite progresservers la surface cellulaire, contrairement au Phe508del-CFTR (qui est néanmoins fonctionnel). Lorsque des formes mutées sont exportées à partir du RE, grâce à des traitements correcteurs, elles sont alors instables à la membrane plasmique. Par ailleurs, il a été montré que l'organisation des microfilaments d'actine participe à l'ancrage du canal au cytosquelette et à sa stabilité. Or, la petite GTPase Cdc42 influence la dynamique de nucléation de l'actine fibrillaire. Au cours de nos travaux, nous avons testé l'implication de Cdc42 et de certains de ses effecteurs dans la régulation de WT-CFTR dans des cellules épithéliales bronchiques. Dans ce cadre, la fonction de la voie Cdc42 a été perturbée par des traitements pharmacologiques et par ARN interférence. Les résultats obtenus, principalement par biotinylation de surface, ont permis de proposer que (1) la protéine Cdc42 participe à ladégradation de formes mal repliées de CFTR dans les étapes précoces et tardives de la voie de sécrétion et (2) la voie Cdc42, par son implication dans l'organisation de l'actine F corticale, affecte l’ancrage du canal chlorure au cytosquelette et régule ainsi son recrutement dans des vésicules d'internalisation.Cystic Fibrosis is caused by CFTR gene mutations (p.Phe508del being the most frequently encountered). The CFTR protein functions as a chloride channel expressed at the plasma membrane of epithelial cells. Its productive folding in the endoplasmicreticulum (ER) is poorly efficient and unfolded proteins are therefore targeted to degradation. Nevertheless, a limited fraction of WT-CFTR acquires a native conformation and then progesses into the secretory pathway. In the case of Phe508del-CFTR, virtually all channels are degraded at this step except through corrector treatments. Under these conditions the mutant remains unstable at the plasma membrane (although it is functionnaly competent). Furthermore, it has been shown that fibrillar actin organization is involved in CFTR tethering to the cytoskeleton and channel stability. Moreover, the small GTPase Cdc42 promotes F actin nucleation. In the present study, we aimed at testing the involvement of Cdc42, and of some of its effectors, in WT-CFTR regulation in epithelial airway cells. In this context, Cdc42 pathway function was altered through pharmacological treatments or siRNAmediated depletions. Our results, mainly obtained via cell surface biotinylation assays, led us to propose that (1) Cdc42 is involved in misfolded CFTR degradation at early and late steps of the secretory pathway, and (2) Cdc42 pathway, through its F actin organization function, affects CFTR anchoring to the cytoskeleton and thus regulates its endocytosis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
