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Acute side effects after consumption of the novel synthetic cannabinoids AB-CHMINACA and MDMB-CHMICA
No full textAcute side effects after consumption of the novel synthetic cannabinoids AB-CHMINACA and MDMB-CHMICA
No full textDesoxypipradrol a new (already well known) Designer Drug A Case Series
No full textZusammenfassung Hintergrund: In den letzten Jahren hat der Handel mit neuen psychoaktiven Substanzen (NPS) zugenommen. Der Kauf von Produkten uber das Internet ist problemlos moglich. Wir berichten uber 6 Vergiftungsfalle, bei denen nach Konsum von NPS erstmals Desoxypipradrolkonzentrationen im Serum und Urin bestimmt wurden. Der Wirkstoff Desoxypipradrol (2-diphenylmethylpiperidin, 2-DPMP) 1 wurde einige Jahre nach Methylphenidat (Ritalin) und Pipradrol (Schlankheitsmittel 2) in den 1950er Jahren als Stimulans (Norepinephrin-Dopamin-Wiederaufnahme-Hemmer) zur Behandlung der Narkolepsie bzw. der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit- / Hyperaktivitatsstorung (ADHS) beschrieben und zeichnet sich durch eine sehr lange Wirkdauer sowie eine starkere Wirksamkeit im Vergleich zu Amfetamin aus. Er wurde im Jahr 2007 erstmals in Europa in Groabritannien als Legal High nachgewiesen. Rhabdomyolysen nach Konsum von Desoxypipradrol-haltigen Drogenmischungen sind haufig beschrieben, Relationen zwischen klinischer Symptomatik - Rhabdomyolyse - und Serum- / Urinkonzentrationen wurden bisher nicht hergestellt. Methode: Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Studie zur akuten Toxizitat von NPS, wurden Urin- bzw. Serumproben von Patienten, die sich nach Aufnahme von NPS zur medizinischen Behandlung vorgestellt haben, systematisch toxikologisch untersucht. Die toxikologische Untersuchung umfasste ein LC-MSn Ionenfallenscreening mittels Toxtyper(TM) (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen), sowie ein Drogenscreening mittels Immunoassays, das im Falle positiver Befunde mit GC-MS oder LC-MS / MS uberpruft wurde. Zusatzlich erfolgten spezielle LC-MS / MS Analysen zur Erfassung von NPS und deren Metaboliten. Patienten mit positivem Nachweis von Desoxypipradol wurden in die vorgestellte Auswertung eingeschlossen. Ergebnisse: Die 6 Falldokumentationen beschreiben Patienten mit typischen Anzeichen eines sympathomimetischen Syndroms: Agitation, Hypertonie (bis 210 mm Hg systolisch) und Tachykardie (142 / min). Desoxypipradrol wurde in Konzentrationen von 5900, 2300, 84 und 1,5 ng / ml im Urin und bei drei Patienten mit 84, 120 und 150 ng / ml im Serum nachgewiesen. Bei 4 Patienten wurde gleichzeitig Amfetamin / Metamfetamin gefunden. In Einzelfallen wurden Kokain, Methylon, synthetische Cannabinoidrezeptor-Agonisten (AM-2201, JWH-018, PB-22, 5F-PB-22), 9-THC, Venlafaxin, Methoxyphenidin sowie verschiedene therapeutisch applizierte Benzodiazepine (Diazepam, Temazepam, Clonazepam, Alprazolam) und Opioide nachgewiesen. Bei vier Patienten mit hohen Desoxypipradrol-Konzentrationen im Serum / Urin kam es zu einer Rhabdomyolyse (Patienten 1-4). Abstract Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are easily accessible and the consumption has increased in recent years. New compounds as well as compounds derived from pharmaceutical research or the patent literature are provided, mostly without any declaration. As a consequence, severe adverse reactions may occur after consumption of unknown doses of these drugs, in particular after mixed intake of different psychoactive substances or co-medication. The toxic effects in such cases are not predictable. We report cases of rhabdomyolysis in patients after consumption of desoxipipradrol in combination with other NPS. Particularly in case of synergistic serotonergic effects a distinct stimulation of 5-HT2A-receptors (or 5-HT1A-receptors) should be considered which may lead to serotonergic syndrome
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Acute side effects after consumption of the new synthetic cannabinoids AB-CHMINACA and MDMB-CHMICA
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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