103,022 research outputs found
The phylogeny of Anophelinae revisited: inferences about the origin and classification of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae)
No full text© 2015 Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. "This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Harbach, R. E. and I. J. Kitching (2016). "The phylogeny of Anophelinae revisited: inferences about the origin and classification of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae)." Zoologica Scripta 45(1): 34-47, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zsc.12137/full. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."NHM Repositor
Bifidistylus Reinert, Harbach & Kitching 2009
No full textBIFIDISTYLUS REINERT, HARBACH & KITCHING, GEN. NOV. Type species: Aedes (Aedimorphus) lamborni Edwards, 1923. Females Head: Vertex with narrow, curved, decumbent scales; occiput and vertex with numerous long, erect, forked scales; ocular line narrow, with narrow, curved scales; eyes above antennal pedicels contiguous or separated by less than diameter of 1 ocular facet; antennal pedicel with several small, broad, white scales and few short, slender setae on mesal surface; clypeus bare; maxillary palpus dark-scaled with apex whitescaled, longer than forefemur. Thorax: Scutum covered with narrow, curved, dark and pale scales except for bare, median part of prescutellar area, with small group of broad, white scales on prescutellar area mesal to setae on each side; scutellum with broad, silvery scales on all lobes; acrostichal (anterior and posterior), dorsocentral (anterior and posterior) and prescutellar setae well developed; paratergite with broad, white scales; antepronota widely separated, with narrow, curved pale scales, several setae; postpronotum with narrow, curved scales, several posterior setae; postspiracular area with broad, white scales, several setae; subspiracular area with elongate patch of broad, white scales; upper proepisternum with broad, white scales, numerous setae, lower proepisternal area bare; prealar area with few broad, white scales and several setae on upper area, lower area with patch of broad, white scales; mesokatepisternum with moderately large upper and small lower posterior patches of broad, white scales, few upper and several lower posterior setae; mesepimeron with patch of broad, white scales on upper and extending over middle areas, upper setae present, lower setae absent. Wing: Dark-scaled with small pale-scaled patch at base of costa dorsally, pale-scaled area larger on ventral surface; upper calypter with numerous setae on margin; alula with narrow, dark scales on posterior margin; dorsal tertiary fringe scales dark; remigium with 1 or 2 setae distally on dorsal surface. Legs: Ante- and postprocoxal membranes bare; hindfemur with white scales at apex; hindtibia darkscaled with white-scaled apical band; hindtarsus dark-scaled, hindtarsomeres 1–4 with white-scaled, apical bands, hindtarsomeres 2–4 with white-scaled, basal bands, hindtarsomere 5 white-scaled; fore-, mid- and hindungues equal, each with 1 tooth. Abdomen: Tergum I with patch of broad, white scales on laterotergite; terga II – VI with dorsobasal, palescaled areas. Genitalia: Tergum VIII moderately pigmented, width greater than length, numerous broad scales covering distal area and few scattered scales on proximal area, short setae on approximately distal 0.40, apex flat with several moderately long to long, stout and few short, slender setae; sternum VIII moderately pigmented with heavily pigmented band on distal margin, width greater than length, apex with moderate, median emargination separating somewhat flattened, broadly rounded lobes, numerous broad scales on approximately distal 0.80, seta 2-S inserted posterior to seta 1-S; tergum IX comprised of 2 moderately pigmented, lateral sclerites separated by membrane mesally, each sclerite with apex broadly rounded and bearing 5–13 short, slender setae; postgenital lobe moderately long, moderately wide, apex with moderate, median emargination, several setae on distal area; upper vaginal sclerite moderately pigmented, moderately large; without lower vaginal sclerite; insula tongue-like, without setae; cercus moderately long, moderately wide, apex broadly rounded with few short and few moderately long setae, numerous short setae on much of dorsal surface, numerous broad scales (Bf. lamborni) or scales absent (Bf. boneti kumbae (Chwatt)); 3 spermathecal capsules, spherical, 1 large and 2 slightly smaller. Males Head: Antennae with distal 2 flagellomeres disproportionally long, remainder of flagellomeres short with numerous long setae directed primarily dorsally and ventrally; maxillary palpus with 5 palpomeres, slightly shorter than proboscis, palpomeres 4 and 5 downturned, palpomeres 4 and 5 and distal part of 3 with numerous long setae lateroventrally. Legs: Fore- and midungues unequal, each with 1 tooth; hindungues equal, simple. Abdomen: Terga with numerous long, slightly curved setae laterally. Genitalia: Tergum IX moderately pigmented, posterior margin with moderate-sized, rounded lobe on each side of relatively narrow, median area, each lobe bearing several slender setae; gonocoxite moderately long, moderately wide, dorsal surface with numerous moderately long, slender setae on mesal area, lateral surface with moderate number of long, stout setae, ventral surface with several short, slender setae on mesal area and several long, stout setae on approximately distal 0.25, numerous broad scales on lateral and ventral surfaces, mesal surface membranous; gonostylus attached at apex of gonocoxite, approximately 0.50 length of gonocoxite, proximal part moderately broad, bifurcated slightly proximal to midlength, outer lobe longer with short subapical seta and somewhat broader than inner lobe which bears 1 short, flattened, bluntly pointed, gonostylar claw at apex; aedeagus comprised of 2 darkly pigmented, lateral sclerites, each with few elongate teeth on approximately distal 0.50, dorsal flap covering sclerites and with proximal part broadly rounded; phallosome with short, narrow, basal piece; proctiger relatively long, with distal part darkly pigmented and pointed, without cercal setae or basal lobe; claspette comprised of small, somewhat rounded, basal plaque bearing few short, slender setae proximally and several short, stout setae distally; sternum IX with 1–4 short setae on median, posterior area. Pupae Trumpet: Moderately long; moderately wide distally; tracheoid area weakly developed at base. Cephalothorax: Setae 1,3-CT similarly developed; 4,5-CT branched, similar in length; 10,12-CT branched; 11-CT normally single, longer than 10,12- CT. Abdomen: Seta 3-I long, stout, single, longer than 6,7-I; 1- II with numerous slender branches; 2- II inserted lateral to 1,3- II; 3- II, III long, stout, single; 3- III longer than 5- III; 5- V longer than median, dorsal length of tergum VI; 6- VII inserted posterior and slightly mesal to 9- VII, 9- VII branched, longer than 6- VII; 9- VIII with 3–5 branches. Paddle: Apical margin rounded; midrib extends to near apex of paddle; without hair-like spicules on margins; seta 1-Pa short, single or 2-branched. Fourth-instar larvae Head: Seta 1-C slender, single; 4-C short, with 4 or 5 slender branches, inserted mesal and slightly anterior or slightly posterior to 6-C; 5,6-C moderately long, stout, aciculate; 5-C with 8 or 9 branches, inserted posteromesal to 6,7-C; 6-C with 4 branches, close to 5-C, inserted mesal and slightly posterior to 7-C; 7-C moderately long, with 10 or 11 aciculate branches; 12-C short, branched, inserted mesal to 13-C; 13-C with 2–5 branches, longer than 12-C; 14-C single; 19-C absent; antenna moderately long, with spicules, seta 1-A with 4–7 branches. Thorax: Setae 1–3-P not inserted on common setal support plate, 1-P > 2-P > 3-P length; 5,6-P long, single, 5-P longer than 6,7-P; 7-P long, with 2 or 3 branches; 4-M short, with 2 or 3 branches; 5,7-M long, single, 5-M longer than 7-M; 2- T with 4 or 5 slender branches; 6- T single. Abdomen: Seta 6-I– VI long, stout, with 2 branches; 7-I long, stout, with 2 or 3 branches; 12-I absent; 8- II branched; 1- VII very long, stout, single, noticeably longer than dorsal length of saddle; 2,4- VIII single; comb comprised of numerous scales in triangular patch; segment X with saddle incomplete ventrally, acus absent, seta 1-X short, single or 2-branched, inserted on saddle, 2-X moderately long, with 7–10 branches, 3-X long, single, ventral brush with several, long, multiple-branched setae, inserted on grid with both transverse and lateral bars, 1 (rarely 2) shorter, branched, precratal seta. Siphon: Moderately long; acus absent; numerous pecten spines (evenly spaced on proximal 0.50 of siphon and proximal to seta 1-S in Bf. lamborni; distal spines wider spaced and extending to near apex of siphon, seta 1-S inserted within pecten in Bf. boneti kumbae). Included species Bifidistylus boneti boneti (Gil Collado), Bf. boneti kumbae and Bf. lamborni. Distribution Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Republic of Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of South Africa and Zambia. Bionomics Larvae of Bf. lamborni were collected from a pool of foul water in a cavity in the top of a well-shaded rock on a river bank (Edwards, 1923a) and in a muddy pool used as a pig-wallow and rock-pools (Hopkins, 1936, 1952). Immature stages of Bf. boneti kumbae were taken from a rock-pool in a densely shaded stream (Chwatt, 1948; Hopkins, 1952). Females of Bf. lamborni were taken biting during the day in a forest (scarce), during the night (rare) and in the forest canopy (very rare) (Haddow et al., 1952). Discussion The above generic description is based primarily on specimens examined of Bf. lamborni (♀, ♀ g, ♂, ♂ g, P and L) and Bf. boneti kumbae (♂, ♂ g, P and L) and published information on Bf. boneti boneti (Gil Collado, 1936; Edwards, 1941). Pao & Knight (1970) described and illustrated the larval maxilla and mandible of Bf. lamborni. Additional descriptive information is provided in Appendix 1 for species included in the analysis. Etymology Bifidistylus is derived from the Latin adjective bifidus, - a, - um, meaning split into two parts, bifurcated, and stilus (masculine), meaning a Roman writing instrument. The name is masculine and refers to the bifurcated gonostylus of the male genitalia. Recommended abbreviation of Bifidistylus = Bf.Published as part of Reinert, John F., Harbach, Ralph E. & Kitching, Ian J., 2009, Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae), pp. 700-794 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (4) on pages 766-768, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00570.
The contradictory consequences of regulation: the influence of filing abbreviated accounts on UK small company performance
No full textThis article develops the conceptualisation of regulation as a dynamic force, enabling and motivating actions that contribute to small company performance as well as being a burden, cost or constraint. Using interview and survey data from a study of preparers and users of small company abbreviated accounts, the article argues that regulation generates contradictory consequences as both confidentiality and disclosure potentially serve their interests. It presents an analytical framework specifying the mechanisms through which regulation influences performance directly and indirectly. Regulation affects small companies directly by requiring the disclosure of financial information but also, indirectly by influencing important stakeholders – for example, banks, suppliers, customers and others – to provide vital resources such as credit, and market opportunities. Indirect regulatory influences might be only partly visible yet exert a powerful effect on performance.Scottish Accountancy Trust for Education and Research and the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland
Bibliographie Hilarion G. Petzold 1958 – 2009 mit Anhang als Einführung
No full textDieses Archiv enthält die Gesamtbibliographie der Werke des Autors nebst einiger Texte „Über H. G. Petzold“ im Schlussteil der Bibliographie sowie einen Anhang mit einer Einführung in die Architektur des Werkes in seinem wissenslogischen Aufbau als Ausarbeitung seines „Tree of Science Modells“ (2007).This archive contains the complete bibliography of the author and some texts about H. G. Petzold, moreover an epilogue with an introduction to the architecture of the works in its epistemological structure and composition and as an elaborations of Petzold’s „Tree of Science Modell (2007).https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/01-2009-petzold-h-g-gesamtbibliographie-h-g-petzold-1958-2009-updating-november2009/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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3346: Samuel G. Freedman, author, 2013
No full textPhotograph of author Samuel G. Freedman, at NT Daily Slash meeting in the Mayborn School of Journalism at UNT
The Right to Strike under the United States Constitution: Theory, Practice, and Possible Implications for Canada
No full textAnswering critics of the Canadian Supreme Court's judgment in B.C. Health, the author argues that the Court laid the foundation for a principled and durable doctrine protecting constitutional labour rights, one that goes directly to the heart of the matter — the inequality of workers’ power in the employment relation. In the author’s view, two paths could lead from B.C. Health to the recognition of Charter protec- tion for a right to strike: one that treats the right as an accessory to col- lective bargaining, and one that upholds the right directly on the basis of the Charter values of equality and participation. The author supports the latter approach, contending that constitutional rights should be defined in relation to fundamental values, in a way that is not contingent on time-bound or fact-sensitive assessments about the role of strikes within a particular collective bargaining regime. Although a Charter right to strike may involve the courts in difficult choices about when to defer to legislative policy decisions, and courts may lack the institutional capac- ity to deal effectively with labour law issues, the author points out that judges can look to ILO standards for expert guidance. Noting that the U.S. experience in this area might be of considerable use to Canadians, the author concludes by providing an overview of American case law concerning a constitutional right to strike.Peer reviewe
Polyptychus trilineatus
No full textPolyptychus trilineatus subsp. trilineatus Moore, 1888 Plate 1, Fig. 12 Material examined. PAKISTAN, [Islamabad,] Margalla Hills, Pir Sohawa, 33 ° 49 'N 73 °08'E, 1000 m, 4. viii. 1998, Z. Varga & G. Ronkay (SMCR). Remarks. Polyptychus trilineatus subsp. trilineatus is widely distributed in continental South East Asia, from northern Pakistan, east along the Himalaya to southeast China, then south through Thailand and Vietnam (Pittaway & Kitching, 2013). It is replaced by other subspecies in southwest India / Sri Lanka, the Andaman Islands, Sumatra, Java/Bali, the Philippines and Sulawesi. Curiously, the species has yet to be recorded from the island of Borneo.Published as part of Rafi, Muhammad Ather, Sultan, Amir, Kitching, Ian J., Pittaway, Anthony R., Markhasiov, Maxim, Khan, Muhammad Rafique & Naz, Falak, 2014, The Hawkmoth Fauna of Pakistan (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), pp. 393-418 in Zootaxa 3794 (3) on page 397, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/23055
G-Rank: Unsupervised Continuous Learn-to-Rank for Edge Devices in a P2P Network
No full textRanking algorithms in traditional search engines are powered by enormous training data sets that are meticulously engineered and curated by a centralized entity. Decentralized peer-to-peer (p2p) networks such as torrenting applications and Web3 protocols deliberately eschew centralized databases and computational architectures when designing services and features. As such, robust search-and-rank algorithms designed for such domains must be engineered specifically for decentralized networks, and must be lightweight enough to operate on consumer-grade personal devices such as a smartphone or laptop computer. We introduce G-Rank, an unsupervised ranking algorithm designed exclusively for decentralized networks. We demonstrate that accurate, relevant ranking results can be achieved in fully decentralized networks without any centralized data aggregation, feature engineering, or model training. Furthermore, we show that such results are obtainable with minimal data preprocessing and computational overhead, and can still return highly relevant results even when a user’s device is disconnected from the network. G-Rank is highly modular in design, is not limited to categorical data, and can be implemented in a variety of domains with minimal modification. The results herein show that unsupervised ranking models designed for decentralized p2p networks are not only viable, but worthy of further research.https://github.com/awrgold/G-RankComputer Scienc
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