1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Phenotypic Plasticity in Female Burying Beetle's: Individual Responses in a Multidimensional Environment
Get PDFPhenotypic plasticity is defined as the environmentally sensitive expression of alternative phenotypes produced within a single genotype. The majority of research on plasticity has been demonstrating its evolutionary implications, specifically highlighting how plasticity can drive, direct and constrain genetic evolution and how plasticity will evolve. However, our current understanding of plasticity and evolution is limited by a lack of empirical studies investigating individuals and how multiple environmental variables interact influencing the direction or the degree of the plastic response. Yet, this is important to consider in future research as population level responses are determined by how individuals respond, furthermore by studying individuals rather than populations we can quantify the extent of variation amongst individuals in which selection acts upon. Studying the response on a multivariate environment also has significant benefits if we want to improve our knowledge of phenotypic plasticity. This is because generally studies focus on manipulating only one environmental variable, yet interactions between environments alter the benefits and costs of plasticity/the optimal response to environmental change, thus potentially changing the direction or the magnitude of selection acting on plasticity.
In this thesis, I address this gap by investigating how individuals in a multivariate environment respond to environmental change using burying beetles (Nicrophorus vespilloides) as our model system. Burying beetles are considered highly plastic, largely because they reproduce exclusively on carrion, a resource that is unpredictable in space and time, meaning the environment is never consistent between breeding attempts. The aim of this thesis was therefore to explore further and in more detail, how burying beetles respond to environmental change and to investigate the importance and potential benefits of plasticity in burying beetles. Additionally, this thesis also aimed to answer two overlooked questions in research. Firstly, looking at how females respond to changes in the competitive environment and variation in resource quality, predicting that plasticity in maternal behaviour would aim to maximise offspring traits (i.e. offspring size) in a competitive environment. And secondly, assessing how individual age affects the plastic response to reproductive resource quality, in which I expected our data to follow theoretical predictions that it would be adaptive for old individuals to be unresponsive.
The results in chapter 2 revealed that parental behaviour, whether it being direct care (feeding offspring) or indirect care (carcass maintenance), significantly declined in a competitive environment, following more closely with a costly competitive hypothesis. This suggests that competitive stress limited the level of energetic resources available for maternal investment, and that evolution between the traits is potentially negatively correlated. However, contrary to the above result, the chapter also found that female burying beetles adjusted brood size adaptively, by reducing offspring number and increasing larval mass in a competitive environment, thus matching offspring phenotypes with the environment, a form of adaptive transgenerational plasticity.
In chapter 3 I demonstrate that to a certain extent plasticity is age-dependant. It was found that, on average, old individuals do not adjust their reproductive traits in relation to the size of the breeding resource (carrion), while young individuals do. However, this pattern in response is only illustrated within certain environmental conditions, as the chapter found that the results above are dependent on a population’s current and previous breeding environment. The chapter also reveals that there is substantial variation in the plastic response amongst individuals. Specifically illustrating that old individuals are responsive, demonstrating that studying at a population level doesn’t provide sufficient information to fully understand how individuals are responding to the environment. This result would therefore indicate that while age may have some effect on influencing the plastic response to environmental change, shown at a population level, it is only likely to play a minor role influencing plasticity, as individuals of the same age substantially differed in their plastic response.
In this thesis, I conclude by discussing how the results have improved our understanding of plasticity in female burying beetles and how selection may be expected to act on plasticity in such a species given our results. I also talk about how the theses has improved our broader understanding of phenotypic plasticity and how it may develop research for the future
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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