1,720,959 research outputs found
VACCINE BENEFIT AND RISK ASSESSMENT FOR AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE WITH PANDEMIC POTENTIAL USING QUALITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR
Full text linkDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines, including messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, were rapidly developed, manufactured, and delivered. Even if very safe and effective vaccines are developed for the next infectious disease pandemic, populations may not be protected without a good acceptance of the new vaccine based on a solid scientific benefit-risk assessment. In this four-manuscript dissertation, a model development of vaccine risk and benefit evaluation for an infectious disease with pandemic potential was prepared followed by discussions regarding policy and practical implications of vaccine benefit risk assessment to prepare for the next infectious disease pandemic. The overarching research objective in this dissertation was to develop a model for vaccine risk and benefits for an infectious disease with pandemic potential to rapidly compare the risk and benefit of a new vaccine using a single health outcome scale.
In the first aim, the global risk of myocarditis, pericarditis and myopericarditis attributable to COVID-19 vaccination was evaluated. Young males had the highest risk attributable to COVID-19 vaccination. The quantitatively evaluation of attributable risks of myocarditis stratified by age group, sex, vaccine dose, and vaccine type helped develop a model with quantitative estimation of burden associated with vaccine adverse reactions. In the second aim, health utility of outcomes related with infectious diseases with pandemic potentials and associated vaccine adverse reactions were evaluated.
Following two systematic reviews, this study developed a model for vaccine benefit risk assessment stratified by age, sex, and the presence of medical comorbidity by country or region level. A quantitative benefit risk assessment of vaccination can facilitate a straightforward comparison of vaccine benefits and risks. While the societal perspective is fundamental to evaluating vaccine benefits and risks as a population, it may not always support individual vaccine decision making. Benefit risk assessment of vaccination from an individual perspective may be helpful for some individuals. In the next pandemic, a rapid vaccine benefit risk assessment is required, followed by sequential analyses to update dynamic changes regarding epidemiology as well as vaccine effectiveness and safety data
VACCINE BENEFIT AND RISK ASSESSMENT FOR AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE WITH PANDEMIC POTENTIAL USING QUALITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR
Full text linkDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines, including messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, were rapidly developed, manufactured, and delivered. Even if very safe and effective vaccines are developed for the next infectious disease pandemic, populations may not be protected without a good acceptance of the new vaccine based on a solid scientific benefit-risk assessment. In this four-manuscript dissertation, a model development of vaccine risk and benefit evaluation for an infectious disease with pandemic potential was prepared followed by discussions regarding policy and practical implications of vaccine benefit risk assessment to prepare for the next infectious disease pandemic. The overarching research objective in this dissertation was to develop a model for vaccine risk and benefits for an infectious disease with pandemic potential to rapidly compare the risk and benefit of a new vaccine using a single health outcome scale.
In the first aim, the global risk of myocarditis, pericarditis and myopericarditis attributable to COVID-19 vaccination was evaluated. Young males had the highest risk attributable to COVID-19 vaccination. The quantitatively evaluation of attributable risks of myocarditis stratified by age group, sex, vaccine dose, and vaccine type helped develop a model with quantitative estimation of burden associated with vaccine adverse reactions. In the second aim, health utility of outcomes related with infectious diseases with pandemic potentials and associated vaccine adverse reactions were evaluated.
Following two systematic reviews, this study developed a model for vaccine benefit risk assessment stratified by age, sex, and the presence of medical comorbidity by country or region level. A quantitative benefit risk assessment of vaccination can facilitate a straightforward comparison of vaccine benefits and risks. While the societal perspective is fundamental to evaluating vaccine benefits and risks as a population, it may not always support individual vaccine decision making. Benefit risk assessment of vaccination from an individual perspective may be helpful for some individuals. In the next pandemic, a rapid vaccine benefit risk assessment is required, followed by sequential analyses to update dynamic changes regarding epidemiology as well as vaccine effectiveness and safety data
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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