1,721,177 research outputs found
Protokoli u prevenciji i terapiji respiratornih oboljenјa kod goveda
Full text linkUprkos velikom napretku veterinarske medicine, unapređenju tehnologije u stočarstvu i dobrobiti životinja, respiratorne bolesti gove- da i dalјe predstavlјaju glavni zdravstveni problem u intenzivnoj proi- zvodnji, a posebno u tovu junadi. Iako je sva pažnja, kada je u pitanju respiratorni sindrom goveda, usmerena na zdravlјe priplodnog pod- mlatka i enzootsku bronhopneumoniju, respiratorna obolјenja tovne junadi mogu da imaju nesagledive posledice, kako na zdravlјe, ta- ko i na proizvodne sposobnosti životinja čime je ugrožena rentabil- nost govedarske proizvodnje. Respiratorni sindrom goveda (RSG) je multifaktorijalno obolјenje koje nastaje interakcijom mikroorganizama (virusa i bakterija) i nespecifičnih činilaca životne sredine koji deluju imunosupresivno i stvaraju uslove da predisponiraju organizam gove- da da oboli. Visok morbiditet i mortalitet, smanjena konverzija hrane i prirast telesne mase, smanjen kvalitet mesa, kao i visoki troškovi le- čenja obolelih životinja su osnovni uzroci ekonomskih gubitaka. Ima- jući u vidu ove činjenice, sasvim je razumlјivo da zdravstvena zaštita priplodnog podmlatka za remont stada i teladi koja se uvode u orga- nizovana tovilišta, predstavlјa imperativ za uspeh u govedarskoj proi- zvodnji. Upotreba novih strategija u prevenciji RSG poput onih kojima se obavlјaju imunoprofilaktičke mere, pravilno zalučenje teladi i njiho- vo navikavanje na novi koncept i režim ishrane, tako i druge mere ko- je umanjuju delovanje stresogenih činilaca, imaju značajan potencijal da spreče razvoj RSG, a time i njegove negativne posledice. Poseban značaj u sprečavanju RSG imaju preventivni programi vakcinacije i metafilakse koji se koriste pri uvođenju teladi i junadi u tovilišta, a po- sebno kada postoji heterogenost jedinki sa aspekta stanja imunskog sistema. Primena novih tehnologija i mera koje mogu da obezbede odgovarajuću zaštitu od delovanja brojnih stresogenih činilaca, kao i održavanje visokog stepena imuniteta protiv određenih živih agenasa su jedine mere u kontroli RSG
Metaboličke modifikacije organizma ugojenih krava u periodu zasušenja
Full text linkPoseban značaj u istraživanjima vezanim za metabolizam viso- komlečnih krava pridaje se ispitivanju uticaja stanja uhranjenosti na metabolički i endokrini status tokom zasušenja, kao pripremnog peri- oda za predstojeću laktaciju. Tokom perioda zasušenja, metabolizam je pod jakim uticajem insulina, dominiraju anabolički procesi i postoji opasnost da nastane suficit energije i uvećanje telesne mase životinja na račun uvećanja depoa masti. Gojenju su naročito sklone junice ko- je se ne osemenjavaju u optimalno vreme telesnog i polnog razvića, kao i starije krave kod kojih je produžen servis period. Pouzdano je utvrđeno da ugojene krave imaju smanjen apetit u periodu oko telje- nja i predispoziciju da mobilišu više prekursora iz telesnih depoa. Ta- kođe se, stanje uhranjenosti dovodi u vezu sa razvojem insulinske re- zistencije, masne jetre, ketoze, hipokalcemije i padom imuniteta. Me- tabolizam ugljenih hidrata i masti ugojenih krava u periodu zasuše- nja karakterišu pojačana glukoneogeneza u jetri uz nepromenjenu do smanjenu potrošnju glukoze u perifernim tkivima. Nepromenjena je ili smanjena potrošnja acetata i postoji pojačana mobilizacija masnih ki- selina iz telesnih rezervi praćena povećanjem njihovog nakupljanja u jetri i/ili smanjenjem potrošnje u perifernim tkivima. Upoznavanje pro- mena koje nastaju u metabolizmu i endokrinom statusu organizma ugojenih krava u periodu zasušenja, su od ključnog značaja u izna- laženju rešenja za njihovo blagovremeno i adekvatno preveniranje
Protokol reanimacije pasa i mačaka
Full text linkKardiopulmonalni zastoj se može definisati kao potpuni izosta- nak cirkulacije, disanja i svesti. Uspešna reanimacija pacijenta zahte- va dobro obučen i opremljen tim, koji će u kritičnom trenutku razmiš- ljati i raditi kao jedno. Poštovanje protokola i pravila ponašanja dopri- neće da se uspostave spontana cirkulacija i disanje, ali i da se napra- vi razlika između života i smrti. Reanimacija pasa i mačaka se može podeliti na primarni i sekundarni pregled. Primarni pregled pacijenta je prvi korak u stabilizaciji urgentnih pacijenata i podrazumeva usmera- vanje pažnje na najugroženije organske sisteme. Sekundarni pregled se najčešće izvodi uz pomoć engleskog akronima „A CRASH PLAN“ i usmeren je na sve potencijalno ugrožene preostale sisteme. Proto- kol reanimacije pasa i mačaka je najlakše zapamtiti po početnim slo- vima abecede (ABCDE). Pojam ABCDE protokol primarno je preuzet iz reanimatologije, grane anesteziologije, koja se bavi reanimacijom odnosno oživljavanjem pacijenta. Značenje navedenih abecednih slo- va se odnosi na: A-Airway-Vazdušni put, B-Breathing-Disanje, C-Cir- culation-Cirkulacija, D-Drug-Lekovi, E-ECG-EKG, F-Electrical defibri- llation-Električna defibrilacija. Uz saglasnost vlasnika, tako započinje proces reanimacije prema tačno utvrđenom protokolu. U timu je jasno definisan lider, postoji hijerarhija i određena je uloga svakog člana. Nakon uspešno obavljene reanimacije, pacijent mora biti upućen na intenzivnu negu i biti pod stalnim i kompletnim monitoringom. Najkri- tičnija su naredna 24 časa od reanimacije
Effect of postpartum calcium application on metabolic adaptation of hypocalcemic cows
Full text linkHipokalcemija je jedan od najučestalijih metaboličkih postpartalnih poremećaja kod krava.
Pored klinički vidljive forme, javlja se supklinički oblik koji je teško detektovati zbog izostanka
kliničke slike. Pravovremeni tretman ovih jedinki je ključan za održivost proizvodnje i zdravlja krava
posle teljenja. Podaci iz literature su neusaglašeni u pogledu ishoda terapije, zbog čega smo smatrali da
je značajno ispitati mehanizme koji se nalaze u osnovi terapijskih procesa koji se primenjuju kod
hipokalcemičnih krava. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se utvrdi prevalenca supkliničke hipokalcemije i ispita
efekat peroralne i parenteralne aplikacije preparata Ca na aktivnost paratireoidne žlezde, metaboličke
parametre u postpartalnih krvi krava sa supkliničkom hipokalcemijom. U ispitivanje je uključeno 180
krava od 3. do 7. laktacije, kojima je 5 do 15 sati posle teljenja određena kalcemija. U ogled su uvedene
krave (n= 24) sa supkliničkom hipokalcemijom (1,38 mmol/l ≥Ca ≤ 2,0 mmol/l), podeljene u tri grupe:
(1) IV-Ca (n=8) jednokratno tretirana intravenskom aplikacijom 500 ml Calci–kel 300 (12,5 g Ca
glukonata, 2,4 g Mg hlorida i borna kiselina), (2) PO-Ca (n=8) dvokratno tretirana (1 l pri
dijagnostikovanju oboljenja i 0,5 l 12 sati kasnije) oralnom suspenzijom Calci Tonica (helatno vezani
joni Ca i Mg, odnosno 41g Ca i 5g Mg po litru), (3) KON (n=8) nije tretirana preparatima Ca i Mg.
Krv je uzorkovana 0. časa (momenat dijagnostikovanja supkliničke hipokalcemije, neposredno
pre tretmana) kao i 1., 2., 4., 8., 12., 20., 24., 36. i 48. sata. Uzorci urina su uzimani 0., 1., 12., 24., 36. i
48. sata. Kalcemija je određivana u svim uzorcima krvi. Koncentracija parathormona (PTH) u krvi je
merena 0., 1., 2., 4., 24 . i 48. sata. Koncentracija glukoze, ukupnih proteina, albumina, uree, kreatinina,
ukupnog bilirubina, BHBA, anorganskog fosfora, magnezijuma i aktivnost enzima gGT, AST i ALP
određivana je u uzorcima krvi uzetim 0., 24., i 48. sata, a koncentracija NEFA samo 0. sata. pH urina je
određen u svim uzorcima urina.
Ukupna prevalenca supkliničke hipokalcemije je bila 13%, pri čemu je bila najveća u četvrtoj
(42%) i petoj (37%), a najniža u trećoj laktaciji (3,03%).
Pre tretmana nije bilo značajne razlike u kalcemiji između grupa, dok je u odnosu na KON
grupu kalcemija bila značajno veća nakon tretmana kod PO-Ca (do 8. časa) i IV-Ca (do 24. časa). Kod
PO-Ca grupe fiziološka kalcemija uspostavljena je tokom prva 2 sata nakon tretmana i održavala se do
kraja ogleda, dok je kod IV-Ca grupe prva dva sata nakon tretmana došlo do hiperkalcemije, a zatim je
uspostavljena normokalcemija do kraja ogleda. Kalcemija KON grupe bila je ispod donje fiziološke
granice do 48. sata od početka ogleda.
Pre tretmana nije bilo značajne razlike u koncentraciji PTH, dok su nakom tretmana vrednosti
bile značajno niže u odnosu na KON grupu kod IV-Ca prvog i drugog sata a kod obe tretirane grupe
(PO-Ca, IV-Ca) četvrtog sata i zatim kod PO-Ca sve do kraja ogleda.
Na osnovu izmerenih početnih vrednosti pH urina, kod svih krava je ustanovljena metabolička
alkaloza. Nakon jednog sata kod IV-Ca grupe ustanovljena je acidoza, pri čemu je pH urina kod ove i
PO-Ca grupe bio značajno niži nego kod KON grupe. Dvanaest sati nakon tretmana, pH urina PO-Ca i
IV-Ca grupe bio je značajno niži nego kod KON grupe. Kod PO-Ca grupe pH urina je bila značajno
niža nego kod KON grupe 24. i 36. sata, dok 48. sata između pH urina ispitivanih grupa nije bilo
razlike.
Koncentracije glukoze, BHBA, NEFA i kreatinina, kao i aktivnosti enzima GGT i ALP nisu se
značajno razlikovale između ispitivanih grupa krava tokom ogleda.
Na početku ogleda kod svih krava je ustanovljena hipofosfatemija. Nakon 48 sati, kod IV-Ca
grupe vrednost aP je bila značajno niža nego kod KON grupe, dok se kod PO-Ca grupe nije razlikovala
od vrednosti kod KON grupe...to the clinically visible form, there is a subclinical form that is difficult to detect due to the
absence of a clinical signs. Timely treatment of cows is crucial for the sustainability of production and
health of cows after calving. Data from the literature are inconsistent regarding the outcome of therapy,
which is why we considered important to examine the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic
processes applied in hypocalcemic cows. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of
subclinical hypocalcemia and to examine the effect of oral and parenteral administration of Ca
preparation on the activity of the parathyroid gland, metabolic parameters in blood of postpartum cows
with subclinical hypocalcemia. The study included 180 cows from the 3rd to the 7th lactation, from
which blood was taken 5 to 15 hours after calving in order to determine the level of blood calcium.
Cows (n = 24) with subclinical hypocalcemia (1.38 mmol/l ≥Ca ≤ 2.0 mmol/l) were divided into three
groups: (1) IV-Ca (n = 8) treated once by intravenous administration of 500 ml Calci-kel 300 (12.5 g
Ca gluconate, 2.4 g Mg chloride and boric acid), (2) PO-Ca (n = 8) treated twice (1l when diagnosing
the disease and 0.5 l 12 hours later) oral suspension of Calci Tonic (chelation bounded Ca and Mg ions,
respectively 41g Ca and 5g Mg per liter), (3) KON (n = 8) was not treated with Ca and Mg.
Blood was sampled at hour 0 (moment of diagnosis of subclinical hypocalcemia, immediately
before treatment) as well as at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 20, 24, 36 and 48 hours. Urine samples were taken at 0, 1,
12, 24, 36, and 48 hours. Calcemia was determined in all blood samples. The concentration of
parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the blood was measured at 0., 1., 2., 4., 24. and 48 hours.
Concentrations of glucose, total proteins, albumin, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, BHBA, inorganic
phosphorus, magnesium and enzyme activity of gGT, AST and ALP were determined in blood samples
taken at 0, 24, and 48 hours, and the concentration of NEFA only at hour 0. Urine pH was determined
in all urine samples.
The overall prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia was 13%, with the highest in the fourth
(42%) and fifth (37%) and lowest in the third lactation (3.03%).
Before treatment, there was no significant difference in calcemia between the groups, while in
relation to the KON group, calcemia was significantly higher after treatment in PO-Ca (up to 8 hours)
and IV-Ca (up to 24 hours). In the PO-Ca group, physiological calcemia was established during the
first 2 hours after treatment and was maintained until the end of the study, while in the IV-Ca group,
hypercalcemia occurred in the first two hours after treatment, and then normocalcemia was established
until the end of the study. Calcemia of the KON group was below the lower physiological limit until
the hour 48th from the beginning of the experiment.
Before treatment, there was no significant difference in PTH concentrations between groups,
while after treatment the values were significantly lower compared to the KON group in IV - Ca during
first two hours, and in both treated groups (PO-Ca, IV-Ca) in the fourth hour and then significantly
lower PTH was established in PO-Ca, compared to KON, until the end of the study.
Based on the measured initial values of urine pH, metabolic alkalosis was established in all
cows. After one hour, acidosis was found in group IV-Ca, with the urine pH in this and PO-Ca groups
being significantly lower than in the KON group. Twelve hours after treatment, urine pH of PO-Ca and
IV-Ca groups were significantly lower than in KON group. In the PO-Ca group, the pH of urine was
significantly lower than in the KON group at 24 and 36 hours, while at hour 48 there was no difference
between the pH of urine of the examined groups.
Concentrations of glucose, BHBA, NEFA and creatinine, as well as GGT and ALP enzyme
activities did not differ significantly between the examined groups of cows during the study..
Determination of blood variables tresholds in prediction of productive and reproductive performances in dairy cows: use of receiver operating characteristic (roc) analysis
No full textDecreased milk production and impaired reproductive performances of dairy cows provoke
huge economic losses in dairy farm industry. Those disturbances are mostly a consequence
of productive diseases (PD) that occurred, commonly, during peripartal period, defined as
period from 21 days before until 21 days after calving. The factors that predispose cows to PD
mainly include low feed intake combined with increased energy demand and/or endocrine
disturbances that disable adequate adaptation of cows to increased milk production. Those
factors are manifested during early postpartal period but originated from disturbances
that occur during antepartal and/or puerperal period. Therefore prediction of PD could be
obtained during periods when there is no visible signs of upcoming diseases. Implementing a
model of the PD prediction could be a key factor that ensure profitable dairy farming.
Concentrations of different blood variables during peripartal period might be a key
factors that determine the success in metabolic adaptation to increased milk production.
Several studies have determined blood variable thresholds, using receiver operating
characteristic (ROC) analysis as a statistical tool, for predicting different PD in transition
dairy cattle. Optimal thresholds of metabolic indicators of hepatic lipidosis, ketosis and
abomasal displacement were suggested by different authors. Our research team, including
researchers from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Belgrade and Veterinary
Faculty University of Ljubljana, preliminary established optimal thresholds of blood
variables that were associated with an increased lipid and decreased glycogen contents in
postpartum liver of dairy cows. Those results were obtained as a part of bilateral research
project supported by Serbia and Slovenia.
Nevertheless, there are only few studies that examined thresholds of blood variable
concentrations for predicting productive and reproductive performances in dairy cows using
ROC analysis. Since this statistical approach demand definition of beneficial (positive)
and non-beneficial (negative) outcomes, we have introduce beneficial and non-beneficial
productive and reproductive outcomes in Holstein cows on commercial dairy farms in Serbia.
Considering genetic potentials of Holstain cows, we have established daily milk production
higher than 30 L during early lactation and calving-conception interval shorter than 120
days as profitable for dairy cow industry in Serbia. In our study, blood samples were collected
from the jugular vein at day 14 before (antepartum) and day 7 after calving (puerperium).
Concentrations of glucose, BHBA, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, urea, Ca and P were
determined in blood serum. Body condition scores were also determined. Our results showed
that antepartum, body condition score > 3.87, glucose > 3.45 mmol/l, BHBA > 0.65 mmol/l,
total protein < 71.25 g/l and albumin < 36.75 g/l were associated with decreased milk production, while there was no reliable blood variable for prediction of calving-conception
interval. During puerperium, glucose > 2.85 mmol/l, BHBA concentration > 1.35 mmol/l
and Ca < 2.05 mmol/l were associated with decreased milk production and glucose < 2,75
mmol/l was associated with longer calving-conception interval.
In conclusion, ROC analyses may be useful statistic tool for prediction of cow`s productive
and reproductive performances on dairy farms
Evaluation of energy status of dairy cows using milk fat, protein and urea concentrations
No full textEnergy status of dairy cows may be estimated using results for concentrations of fat, protein and urea (MUN) in milk samples obtained from bulk tank or individual cows. Using individual cow milk samples is recommended on dairy farms in our geografical region due to the unhomogenity of cows in the herds in respect to their genetic potential for milk production. Depression of milk fat occurs as a consequence of heat stress, underfeeding of peripartal cows, overfeeding concentrate with reduced ration fiber levels or overfeeding with dietary fat. High milk fat content is usually combined with severe negative energy balance. Nutrition and feeding practices have great impact on milk protein level. A deficiency of crude protein in the ration may depress protein in milk. Feeding excessive dietary protein does not significantly increase milk protein. MUN analyses point out potential problems in feeding program on dairy farm. High MUN values may reflect excessive dietary crude protein and/or low rumen degradable non fiber carbohydrates intake. Also, MUN levels is impacted by heat stress since its value is increased during the summer season. Low MUNs indicate a possible dietary protein deficiency. Additionally, low MUNs concentration may indicate excess in dietary nonstructural carbohydrates. On the bases on the interrelationships between protein and urea concentrations, as well as protein and fat concentrations in individual milk sample, estimation of energy balance of dairy cows may be done more accurately
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Tehnike izvođenja preventivnih reproduktivnih zahvata – kastracija malih sisara
Full text linkKunići, glodari i afrički patuljasti ježevi su sve češći pacijenti u veterinarskim ambulantama. Jedan od najčešćih razloga dovođenja ovih životinja kod veterinara je patologija genitalnog sistema. Naime, kod više od 50 procenata ženki kunića starijih od 4 godine javljaju se neoplazme materice, a kod više od 25 posto ženki zamoraca, starijih od 4 godine može da se dijagnostikuje pojava policističnih jajnika. Kod pacova i miševa oba pola, starijih od 2 godine, kod 30 posto slučajeva su prisutne neoplazme na mlečnim žlezdama i kod preko 50 procena- ta ženki ježeva se u toku života pojavi metritis ili neka vrsta neoplaz- mi materice. Ova statistika postaje još problematičnija kada se uzme u obzir da je većina neoplazmi na genitalnim organima ovih životinja (kod ježeva taj broj ide i do 95 posto) malignog karaktera. Jedini način da se sa sigurnošću prevenira razvoj ove patologije je pravovreme- na ovariohistirektomija. Ovariohistirektomija je i jedina vrsta terapije kada se dijagnostikuje većina nabrojanih stanja, ali kako se simptomi kod ovih životinja obično pojavljuju u poodmaklim stadijumima bolesti reproduktivnog sistema i kako većina ovih neoplazmi ima maligni po- tencijal, dešava se da dijagnoza bude postavljena kada se već razviju metastaze ili organizam bude iscrpljen. U takvim, teškim slučajevima, od jedne bezbedne i jednostavne procedure, ovariohistirektomija po- staje intervencija sa neizvesnim ishodom
The effect of medetomidine combined with propofol and sevoflurane on serum cardiac troponin I during gastroscopy in dogs
No full textSrĉаni mаrkеri se dеfinišu kао biomarkeri kојi sе kоristе zа dеtеkciјu оštеćеnjа miоkаrdа zbоg ishеmiје, trаumе, tоksinа i inflаmаciје. Srĉani troponin I (cTnI) je prepoznat kao najpuzdaniji i najsenzitivniju biomarker koji ukazuje na oštećenje miokarda. Zа оpštu аnеstеziјu pаsа ĉеstо sе upоtrеblјаvа kоmbinаciја mеdеtоmidinа sа prоpоfоlоm i sеvоflurаnоm. Меdеtоmidin sе tаkоĊе mоţе kоristiti i kао pојеdinаĉni аgеns zа sеdаciјu pаsа. Uticај mеdеtоmidinа kао pојеdinаĉnоg аgеnsа i u kоmbinаciјi sа prоpоfоlоm i sеvоflurаnоm nа sеrumsku kоncеntrаciјu cTn I niје pоznаt.
U istraţivanje smo ukljuĉili 66 pasa, pacijenata Klinike za male ţivotinje, Fakulteta veterinarske medicine, Univerziteta u Beogradu. Pre sedacije ili anestezije raĊen je kliniĉki pregled pasa, uzorkovanje krvi za hematološke i biohemijske analize i kardiološki pregled, koji je obuhvatao auskultaciju srca i EKG.Prva grupa je obuhvatala 20 pasa (M grupa) koji su sedirani intravenskom aplikacijom medetomidina u dozi od 0,04 mg/kg.Kod ove grupe pasa je uraĊen ultrazvuĉni ili ortopedski pregled.Druga grupa je obuhvatala 20 pasa (P+S grupa) koji su pregledani gastroskopski pod opštom anestezijom sprovedenom kombinacijom propofola (6 do 8 mg/kg i.v.) i sevofluranau koncentraciji od 4,5 % u kiseoniku. Ova grupa pasa je predstavljala kontrolnu grupu, jer psima nije aplikovan medetomidin. Treća grupa je obuhvatala 26 pasa (M+P+S grupa) koji su pregledani gastroskopski pod opštom anestezijom sprovedenom kombinacijom medetomidina (0,04 mg/kg i.v.), propofola (1 do 3 mg/kg i.v.) i sevoflurana u koncentraciji od 3 % u kiseoniku. Krv za analizu serumske koncentracije cTnI smo uzorkovali pre sedacije i anestezije - poĉetna vrednost (0 h), zatim nakon 6 i 12 ĉasova i 4. dan od sedacije i anestezije.
U grupi M cTnI je bio pre sedacije (0 h) ispod granice detekcije kod 11 pasa...myocardial damage due to ischemia, trauma, toxins and inflammation. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is known as the most reliable and sensitive biomarker of myocardial cell injury. General anaesthesia with medetomidinein combination with propofol and sevoflurane is commonly usedin dogs.Medetomidine can be also used as a single agent for sedation of dogs. The effect of medetomidineas a single agent, and in combination with propofol and sevoflurane on serum cTn I concentration is not known.
Sixty-sixclient-owned dogs, presented for various procedures at Small AnimalClinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, were recruited for this study. Prior to sedation or anaesthesia, a clinical examination of the dogs, blood sampling for haematological and biochemical tests and cardiology examination including heart auscultation and ECG were carried out. The first group of 20 dogs (M group), presented for ultrasound or orthopaedic examination, was sedated with an intravenous application of medetomidineata dose of 0.04 mg/kg. The second group consisted of 20 dogs (P + S group)which were examined gastroscopically under general anaesthesia. The dogs were induced to anaesthesia with propofol (6 to 8 mg/kg i.v.) and maintained with sevoflurane (vaporizer setting 4.5 %) in oxygen. This group of dogs was the control group, as in these dogs medetomidine was not administered. The
third group consisted of 26 dogs (M + P + S group) examined gastroscopically under general anaesthesia. The dogs were premedicated withmedetomidine (0.04 mg/kg i.v.), induced to anaesthesia with propofol (1 to 3 mg/kg i.v.), and maintained with sevoflurane (vaporizer setting 3 %) in oxygen. Blood samples for analysis of serum cTnI concentration were sampled when sedation and anaesthesia commenced i.e. basal value (0h), at 6 and 12 hours and 4 days after sedation and anaesthesia.
In group M, cTnI was below the detection limit in 11 dogsbefore sedation (0h)..
- …
