1,721,202 research outputs found
Diagnosis and management of selective fetal growth restriction in monochorionic twin pregnancies: a cross‐sectional international survey
No full textObjective: To identify current practices in the management of selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: International. Population: Clinicians involved in the management of MCDA twin pregnancies with sFGR. Methods: A structured, self-administered survey. Main Outcome Measures: Clinical practices and attitudes to diagnostic criteria and management strategies. Results: Overall, 62.8% (113/180) of clinicians completed the survey; of which, 66.4% (75/113) of the respondents reported that they would use an estimated fetal weight (EFW) of <10th centile for the smaller twin and an inter-twin EFW discordance of >25% for the diagnosis of sFGR. For early-onset type I sFGR, 79.8% (75/94) of respondents expressed that expectant management would be their routine practice. On the other hand, for early-onset type II and type III sFGR, 19.3% (17/88) and 35.7% (30/84) of respondents would manage these pregnancies expectantly, whereas 71.6% (63/88) and 57.1% (48/84) would refer these pregnancies to a fetal intervention centre or would offer fetal intervention for type II and type III cases, respectively. Moreover, 39.0% (16/41) of the respondents would consider fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) for early-onset type I sFGR, whereas 41.5% (17/41) would offer either FLS or selective feticide, and 12.2% (5/41) would exclusively offer selective feticide. For early-onset type II and type III sFGR cases, 25.9% (21/81) and 31.4% (22/70) would exclusively offer FLS, respectively, whereas 33.3% (27/81) and 32.9% (23/70) would exclusively offer selective feticide. Conclusions: There is significant variation in clinician practices and attitudes towards the management of early-onset sFGR in MCDA twin pregnancies, especially for type II and type III cases, highlighting the need for high-level evidence to guide management.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Development of core outcome sets for clinical research and practice in amblyopia, strabismus, and ocular motility disorders
Get PDFThe effect of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is diminished by inconsistent outcome reporting, precluding the efficient synthesis of data into systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Amblyopia, strabismus, and ocular motility disorder patients constitute a significant proportion of those seen in ophthalmology generally and in paediatric ophthalmology specifically, making efficient synthesis of research data a greater necessity. Core Outcome Sets (COS), defined as agreed standardised sets of outcomes that should be measured and reported, as a minimum, in all clinical trials in a health area, have been found to help with the problem of inappropriate and inconsistent outcomes.
The objective of this research was to develop three COS for amblyopia, strabismus, and ocular motility disorders. The methods comprised a systematic review to identify reported outcomes and establish whether there was outcome reporting inconsistency as suggested by other studies; qualitative semi-structured focus group meetings with patients, carers and healthcare professionals to establish outcomes of their importance; and finally, a Delphi online survey and consensus meetings with stakeholders to reach agreement on what should be included in the COS.
The systematic review, which included 142 trials, systematic reviews, and other studies, identified significant heterogeneity in outcome reporting, and populated the Delphi process with 24 outcomes for amblyopia, 47 for strabismus, and 68 for ocular motility disorders. The qualitative study reflected the fact that long-term outcomes and quality-of-life aspects are the greatest priority of patients and carers, and resulted in the addition of 7, 14, and 10 outcomes to the three conditions, respectively. Although consensus between stakeholders was not reached conclusively in the Delphi survey, it resulted in the identification of the most critical outcomes, which were then collapsed into nine to ten core outcomes in the consensus meetings, with significant overlap between the three conditions. All three conditions shared the core outcomes: adverse events, cost, vision-related quality of life, and ocular alignment. The strabismus and ocular motility disorder core sets included, in addition, patient satisfaction, symptoms, binocular vision, ocular movement, and deviation. The ocular motility disorders COS included clinical signs, additionally. The amblyopia set, distinct from the sets for the other two conditions, included best corrected distance and near visual acuity, compliance, refraction, and treatment-related and long-term impacts.
Implementation of these COS will improve outcome consistency, which will facilitate the comparison and combination of clinical trials and therefore synthesis of their data into meta-analyses. Further consideration must be given to increasing the uptake of the COS to maximise its usefulness, and future work will be required to standardise methods and timings of measurements. Continuous review and update of the COS to match future new interventions may be required
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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