1,721,100 research outputs found
The role of migration and social environments in the risk of psychotic disorders
Full text linkBackground: While numerous studies have demonstrated elevated psychosis risk in migrant groups, adequate explanations for this pattern have not been elucidated. The elevated burden of psychotic disorders represents a pressing public mental health priority, and thus understanding the determinants of increased risk is important in addressing this disparity. Objective: To determine how migration-related factors and the social environment affect the risk of developing psychotic disorders among migrants and their children. In order to investigate what drives elevated psychosis risk, my studies focused on migration-related factors, including region, age-at-migration, and family network, and aspects of the post-migratory environment, including neighbourhood ethnic density. Methods: I linked multiple Swedish population registers to conduct three longitudinal cohort studies. In Chapter 3, I investigated if risk of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorders varied by migrant status, region of origin, and age-at-migration. I examined the role of family network in psychosis risk amongst migrants in Chapter 4. Finally, I assessed how neighbourhood ethnic density affects psychosis risk in Chapter 5. I used Cox proportional hazards modelling throughout, with multilevel extension in Chapter 5. Results: Chapter 3 revealed increased risk of psychiatric disorders associated with migrant status was specific to psychotic disorders, with exact risk dependent on region of origin. Risk for psychotic disorders was elevated across most ages-at-migration, while risk of non-psychotic bipolar disorder was lower for all ages-of-migration except infancy. Chapter 4 showed that family networks at the time of migration differentially affected the risk of developing non-affective psychotic disorders for males and females. I found that the presence of family during migration was protective for females but increased risk among males. In Chapter 5, I found evidence that as own-group ethnic density increased, risk of non-affective psychosis decreased. Conclusions: Taken together, this research highlighted factors at the individual (e.g. migration status, region of origin, age-at-migration), family (family networks), and neighbourhood (ethnic density) levels that affected psychosis risk in migrants and their children. These studies demonstrated distinct patterns of risk and add to the body of knowledge around the social and structural explanations for psychotic disorders. These studies contribute to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the importance of the social environment in the aetiology of psychotic disorders and opens lines of inquiry for future research in this field
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Hitting the floor: Understanding migration patterns following the first episode of psychosis
Full text linkRecent research published in Health and Place (Ngamini Ngui et al., 2013b) found that one third of people with first episode psychosis [FEP] will have made a large-scale migration six years after initial diagnosis. Here, I extend this discussion around three important observations. Namely, at first presentation the most disadvantaged communities already shoulder the burden of psychotic morbidity; people with FEP in more rural communities migrate less often, and; people with FEP exhibit both upwards and downwards social mobility after onset. Understanding the reasons for (non-)migration before and after psychosis onset is now required for effective public mental health and service provision
Social and spatial heterogeneity in psychosis proneness in a multilevel case-prodrome-control study
No full textTo test whether spatial and social neighbourhood patterning of people at ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis differs from first-episode psychosis (FEP) participants or controls and to determine whether exposure to different social environments is evident before disorder onset
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Beginning to hope: Aligning psychiatric care provision to needs of vulnerable children and young people
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