1,721,056 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Role of Movement Pattern in Relation to Running Related Injuries Risk Factors
Full text linkAbout 52.3 million American run on a regular basis. Up to 79% of runners get injured every year and the rate of injury has not declined over the past decades. Females have twice the risk of developing a running related injury (RRI). Rate of loading (ROL), tibial impact shock (TIS), and low movement variability may contribute to the development of RRI. Not much is known, however, about the relationships between impact kinetics (i.e. ROL, TIS) and movement variability. In addition, there is a lack of understanding about the effects of sex and speed on the aforementioned RRI risk factors. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation was to study the association between impact kinetics and movement variability, and to investigate the effects of sex and speed on biomechanical variables including ROL, TIS, movement variability and coordination patterns during running.Thirty-six healthy runners participated in study one and two. In study three, data from thirty-two of those runners were analyzed. Vertical ground reaction force, 3D motion-analysis of lower extremities joint angles, tibial vertical acceleration, and electromyography (EMG) of lower extremity muscles were collected at running speeds that represented subject’s long slow distance speed (LSD), LSD+15%, and LSD+30%. Movement variability and patterns of hip and knee joints were quantified by using the vector coding method. ROL and TIS, peak EMG of five lower extremity muscles were calculated. In study one, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to investigate the association between movement variability and patterns with ROL and TIS at LSD speeds. In study two, repeated measure ANOVAs were used to investigate the effect of sex and speed on EMG and impact forces. In study three, a self-organizing map (SOM) was used to investigate biomechanical coordination patterns during running at LSD and LSD+30%.The most notable results from this dissertation suggest that 1) movement variability and patterns of hip and knee joints are associated with impact kinetics, 2) females exhibit a greater increase in ROL as running speed increases, and 3) greater running speeds are associated with a general shift to a coordination strategy characterized by greater magnitudes of RRI risk factors
Hip Joint Function in People with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Full text linkFemoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a clinical hip disorder that represents symptomatic contact between the proximal femur and rim of the acetabulum during normal hip range of motion. FAIS has been described as a precursor to hip joint osteoarthritis (OA), and results in physical impairments and functional limitations in young individuals and active adults. Despite tremendous growth in arthroscopic hip surgery for FAIS, little is known about how this disorder affects dynamic hip joint function. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate hip joint function, during clinical and functional activities, both before and after arthroscopic hip surgery for FAIS. The first aim compared hip joint function in people with FAIS to that of healthy matched controls. The results show that hip flexion muscle strength is reduced in people with FAIS, although, this loss of hip strength is not associated with gait kinetics or patient reported outcomes. These findings indicate that despite hip strength being impaired, people with FAIS can meet the functional demands of gait. However, during double and single leg squat tasks, significant alterations in hip joint biomechanics were found, and became greater as the control demand of the squat task were progressed. These findings indicate that FAIS alters hip biomechanics, however, tasks that require greater joint demand such as single leg squat are needed to bring about these alterations in joint function. The second aim examined hip joint function before and after hip arthroscopic surgery for FAIS. Arthroscopic hip surgery for FAIS did improve joint range of motion and muscle strength. Additionally, sagittal plane hip joint kinetics and hip joint kinematic control during gait changed after arthroscopic hip surgery, although, hip joint biomechanics remain different than healthy controls. The aims of this dissertation demonstrate that clinical hip function is altered in people with FAIS and arthroscopic hip surgery improves this function. Tasks that involve end ranges of hip motion and single leg control are required to bring about alterations in hip joint biomechanics in people with FAIS. Gait biomechanics after arthroscopic hip surgery for FAIS change, however, may require an extended period to normalize after surgery
Experimental & Simulation Approaches to Study Neuromuscular Control in People with Chronic Ankle Instability
Full text linkAnkle sprains are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries, and up to 70% of people who sprain their ankles develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Moreover, people who develop CAI have a significantly higher risk of developing ankle osteoarthritis. Recent research has identified neuromuscular deficits that may be responsible for the high recurrence rates of ankle sprains and for the progression towards ankle osteoarthritis in people with CAI. Unfortunately, current rehabilitation strategies are not completely successful because the mechanisms responsible for these deficits are not fully elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation was to investigate individual muscle forces and force generating capacities, the contributions of individual muscles to ankle joint contact forces, muscle activation patterns in the time-frequency domain, and central nervous system control strategies in people with CAI.Eleven people with CAI and 11 matched healthy control performed landing, anticipated cutting, and unanticipated cutting tasks, while three-dimensional movement, ground reaction force, and muscle activation data were collected with motion capture system, force plate, and electromyography, respectively. In the first study, a musculoskeletal model and static optimization were used to estimate the force and force generating capacity of individual muscles. In the second study, an additional joint reaction analysis was used in combination with the musculoskeletal model to estimate the contribution of individual muscle forces to ankle joint contact forces. In the third study, wavelet transformation and principal component analysis were used to analyze the time-frequency domain of muscle activation patterns. In the final study, non-negative matrix factorization was used to extract muscle synergies in order to identify central nervous system control strategies. Results from all analyses were compared between people with and without CAI.The primary findings of this dissertation were that, compared to healthy controls, people with CAI exhibit 1) greater muscle forces and/or force generating capacities in proximal muscles, 2) greater ankle anterior shear forces during early and late stance phases of unanticipated cutting, 3) lower intensity of muscle activation and a task-dependent inability to shift activation towards higher frequencies, and 4) similar complexity in neuromuscular control from a central nervous system perspective
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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