1,721,081 research outputs found
Monumental – compared to what?:A perspective from Göbekli Tepe
No full textKinzel, Moritz; Clare, Lee _A. B. Gebauer, L. Sørensen, A. Teather, A. de Valera (eds.) Monumentalizing Life in the Neolithic_ Narratives of Change and Continuity. Oxbow Books, Oxford_ 31-50_Since the discovery of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic tower at Tell es-Sultan/Jericho in Kathleen Kenyon’s excavations, the importance of monumental structures for the development of complex societies has been the subject of some controversial debate. Archaeological fieldwork underway at Göbekli Tepe since the mid-1990s has fuelled these discussions, specif-ically concerning the role that large structures could have played in the development of Neolithic communities and hierarchies. This topic begs the question as to how to define monumentality in the context of Near Eastern Neolithic architecture. Were early Neolithic monumental structures merely exceptions from standard practice? Is it only the size that makes buildings monumental or is it perhaps the concepts behind the building and how the responsible communities perceived them? In some cases, the events that took place within these buildings were potentially more important than the structures themselves. For this reason, we should look to the role of monumental structures in the identity-building processes of communities and ask how built environments may have influenced the development of social complexity. This paper discusses relevant cases from different Neolithic sites in the Near East in light of the latest research result
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Am Beginn des Hausbaus:Studien zur PPNB-Architektur von Shkārat Msaied und Baʻja in der Petra-Region, Südjordanien
Full text linkArchitectural developments during the Neolithic period show important innovations, e.g., the discovery and use of the right angle and the use of activity floors placed on top of each other. Although these developments influenced our building history and our understanding of architecture in general, archaeological studies on Near eastern Neolithic architecture focussing on the building processes are rare.Based on the architectural findings, (preliminary) reports, archaeological records and field studies by the author, the Pre-Pottery-Neolithic B (PPNB) architecture of Shkārat Msaied and Baʻja, both located in the Greater Petra area in Jordan, is analysed, interpreted and reconstructed using archaeological and building archaeological methods. The results of the building archaeological studies will help to understand better also the architecture of other Neolithic sites in the Southern Levant.A particular focus of this study is the scientific reconstruction of early Neolithic architecture. The reconstruction covers not only common building principles during the PPN, but also aspects of appearance, structure and construction, as well as space and life concepts.To gain a better understanding of the PPNB architecture of Shkārat Msaied and Baʻja the buildings and archaeological contexts are compared with the architecture of other Neolithic sites in the Near East and (sub-) recent traditional architecture of areas around the world with comparable climatic and geographic parameters. Besides structural and functional aspects, the study focuses on the building processes, knowledge transfer of building technologies, and the site formation processes as well as the creation and development of space and societies.<br/
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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