196,590 research outputs found
The Hittite Seaport Izziya at Late Bronze Age Kinet Höyük (Cilicia)
No full textRecent excavations at Kinet Höyük, an ancient Cilician seaport in the northeastern Mediterranean, document the cultural transformations that were exerted by the Late Bronze Age Hittite state to secure its peripheral territories. During the Middle Bronze Age, Kinet Höyük had maintained its regional identity while prospering from the maritime commercial network that flourished along the Levantine coast. This regional profile changed when Kinet Höyük and its Cilician neighbors came under Hittite pressure ca. 1500 b.c.e., and adopted the material culture of central Anatolia. As the Hittite seaport Izziya, Kinet Höyük shows that the Anatolianizing process was sudden, effective, and enduring
Excavations at Medieval Kinet, Turkey
No full textExcavations in medieval levels at Kinet, Turkey, are uncovering remains of a Crusader era Mediterranean port town that dates from the late 12th to the early 14th century. The settlement's livelihood derived from industry (iron and glazed ceramic production), agriculture, and animal husbandry as well as regional and international trade. Finds at the site indicate maritime trade around the Mediterranean as far as Italy, as well as overland trade with Syria. Medieval Kinet thrived despite being burned three times. It lay near the southern border of the Kingdom of Armenian Cilicia, astride the major trade, communication, and invasion route between Cilicia and Syria. The medieval site was orthogonally planned, possibly by the Knights Templar
Evidence for two distinct phosphorylation pathways activated by high immunoglobulin E receptors.
No full textThe high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin (Ig) E on mast cells, along with the antigen receptors on T and B cells and Fc receptors for IgG, belongs to a class of receptors which lack intrinsic kinase activity, but activate non-receptor tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases. Receptor engagement triggers a chain of signaling events leading from protein phosphorylation to activation of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, an increase in intracellular calcium levels, and ultimately the activation of more specialized functions. IgE receptor disengagement leads to reversal of phosphorylation by undefined phosphatases and to inhibition of activation pathways. Here we show that phenylarsine oxide, a chemical which reacts with thiol groups and has been reported to inhibit tyrosine phosphatases, uncouples the IgE receptor-mediated phosphorylation signal from activation of phosphatidyl inositol metabolism, the increase in intracellular calcium levels, and serotonin release. Phenylarsine oxide inhibits neither the kinases (tyrosine and serine/threonine) phosphorylating the receptor and various cellular substrates nor, unexpectedly, the phosphatases responsible for the dephosphorylation following receptor disengagement. By contrast, it abolishes the receptor-mediated phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 1, but not phospholipase C activity in vitro. Therefore the phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase C likely requires a phenylarsine oxide-sensitive element. Receptor aggregation thus activates at least two distinct phosphorylation pathways: a phenylarsine oxide-insensitive pathway leading to phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the receptor and of various substrates and a sensitive pathway leading to phospholipase C-gamma 1 phosphorylation
Kinet Höyük Orta Tunç II dönemi binası Doğu Kilikya saray mimarisinde Doğu Akdeniz etkisi.
No full textKinet Höyük with its 3.3 ha size, is multi-period site located on the İskenderun Gulf of Eastern Cilicia. The research subject is: Middle ronze II (1800-1600 .C) burnt uilding complex located in the east terrace of the mound. The part of the building that has been exposed is representing the general characteristics of Levantine style monumental architecture of MBII with its 50 m exposure. The primary goal of the thesis is to understand the function of this specific building in its local context and to compare the building with similar building in Anatolia, Syria and the Levant to see the cultural interaction that is visible in the architectural evidence. Thje widely accepted conventions for the mound size and the settlement activity patterns are re-examined in the final chapter on the basis of the contradictory relationship between the size of the settlement and the monumental architecture at Kinet Höyük.M.S. - Master of Scienc
Neutron Activation Analysis of Medieval Ceramics from Kinet, Turkey, especially Port Symeon Ware
No full textExcavation in medieval levels at the site of Kinet in southern Turkey has yielded evidence for the production of Port Saint Symeon ware, a widely, if not the most widely, distributed glazed ceramic ware in the Mediterranean in the 13th century. This article uses instrumental neutron activation analysis of excavated ceramics from Kinet, 1930’s excavations at another medieval port in the region, Port Saint Symeon/al-Mina, and selected museum pieces, to examine this phenomenon. It also examines other widely traded ceramics from the period: ones thought to originate in the Aegean. The authors attempt to gauge the cultural weight of maritime exchange of ceramics in the medieval Mediterranean, arguing that they were an essential part of the creation of a common taste in diverse societies in the central and eastern Mediterranean basin
Using neutron activation analysis to identify scales of interaction at Kinet Höyük, Turkey
No full textWe use NAA to characterize a relatively large archaeological ceramic sample from the Late Bronze Age to Hellenistic phases of Kinet Höyük, a coastal Turkish site in the Gulf of Iskenderun at the northeast corner of the Mediterranean Sea. The geographic extent of local Kinet wares (how local is local?) is established through comparison with sediment samples across the Kinet hinterland. Four major compositional groups are identified: local and locally imported wares, imports from Cypriot, and presumed Western Anatolian and Aegean centers, and imports that appear relatively homogenous elementally but comprise typologically diverse ceramics with attributions that range from Cyprus to the coastal mainland. Comparison with other published NAA studies for this site reinforces the elemental evidence for local production, and underlines the need for caution when assuming local production always equates with local clays particularly for coastal sites. We propose that the chronological distribution of the local and non-local groups provides a useful political economic proxy. The study indicates systemic and widespread political disruption and marginalization at the transition to the Late Iron Age in this region. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Involvement of Alu sequences in the cell-specific regulation of transcription of the gamma chain of Fc and T cell receptors
No full textThe Fc epsilon RI-gamma chains are expressed in a variety of hematopoietic cells where they play a critical role in signal transduction. They are part of the high affinity IgE receptor in mast cells, basophils, Langerhans cells, and possibly other cells; a component of the low affinity receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RIIIA or CD16) in natural killer cells and macrophages; and part of the T cell antigen receptor in subsets of T cells. Here we have investigated the transcriptional regulation of the gamma chain gene by analyzing the 2.5-kilobase sequence upstream of the transcription start site. This sequence contains a promoter specific to cells of hematopoietic lineage. However, the tissue specificity of this promoter is only partial because it is active in all of the hematopoietic cells tested here, regardless of whether they constitutively express Fc epsilon RI- gamma chain transcripts. We have identified two adjacent cis-acting regulatory elements, both of which are part of an Alu repeat. The first (-445/-366) is a positive element active in both basophils and T cells. The second (-365/-264) binds to nuclear factors, which appear to be different in basophils and T cells, and acts as a negative element in basophils and as a positive one in T cells. Thus, this Alu repeat (90% identical to Alu consensus sequences) has evolved to become both a positive and negative regulator
Targeted Subsidy for Malaria Control With Treated Nets Using a Discount Voucher System in Tanzania.
No full textDuring the last decade insecticide-treated nets have become a key strategy for malaria control. Social marketing is an appealing tool for getting such nets to poor rural African communities who are most afflicted by malaria. This approach usually involves subsidized prices to make nets and insecticide more affordable and help establish a commercial market. We evaluated a voucher system for targeted subsidy of treated nets in young children and pregnant women in two rural districts of southern Tanzania. Qualitative work involved focus group discussions with community leaders, male and female parents of children under 5 years. In-depth interviews were held with maternal and child health clinic staff and retail agents. Quantitative data were collected through interviewing more than 750 mothers of children under 5 years during a cluster sample survey of child health. The voucher return rate was extremely high at 97% (7720/8000). However, 2 years after the start of the scheme awareness among target groups was only 43% (45/104), and only 12% of women (12/103; 95% CI 4-48%) had used a voucher towards the cost of a net. We found some evidence of increased voucher use among least poor households, compared with the poorest households. On the basis of these results we renewed our information, education and communication (IEC) campaign about vouchers. Discount vouchers are a feasible system for targeted subsidies, although a substantial amount of time and effort may be needed to achieve high awareness and uptake - by which we mean the proportion of eligible women who used the vouchers - among those targeted. Within a poor society, vouchers may not necessarily increase health equity unless they cover a high proportion of the total cost: since some cash is needed when using a voucher as part-payment, poorer women among the target group are likely to have lower uptake than richer women. The vouchers have two important additional functions: strengthening the role of public health services in the context of a social marketing programme and forming an IEC tool to demonstrate the group at most risk of severe malaria
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