186,239 research outputs found
Molecular Approaches on Biocontrol of Postharvest Fungal Plant Pathogens: Antagonistic Yeast Model
No full textPostharvest decays limit storage life and cause significant losses on fruit and vegetables. For a long time, synthetic fungicides have been used successfully for controlling the postharvest pathogens. In recent years, due to their risks, studies on alternatives to the chemical fungicides on postharvest rots control have garnered high attention. In this concern, the uses of biological and physical methods have gained great importance. Yeasts are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms that belong to Kingdom Fungi. As the epiphytic yeasts always exist on fruit and vegetable surfaces and compete with other microorganisms, they take attention on biological control. The management of postharvest pathogens with antagonistic yeasts, including pre- and postharvest uses, has gained great importance in the last 30 years. As a result of these studies some successful antagonist yeasts were found, and their formulations were carried out and commercialized. The use of antagonistic yeasts may differ with target pathogens and host; hence they can be applied at pre- or postharvest stages. After the 1990s, molecular methods have pioneered in providing very important developments in the biological control of fungi, as well as in all areas of plant pathology. To find a good antagonistic microorganism and deliver to conventional use is not easy and short process. These processes include isolation, identification, biology, ecology, physiology, biological efficacy-testing, commercial product development, and registration of yeasts for agricultural applications. Including all the steps, from the initial discovery to registration and product development, needs the work of specialist scientists from different disciplines together, including new technologies. In researches, genome sequencing is now commonly used for both identification and classification of pathogen and biocontrol agents for the control of the plant diseases. The interactions of the antagonist microorganisms with the pathogen and the host have been highly detectable and understandable by using omics technologies. This review supplies a summary of the usage of the molecular instruments for screening and identification of the antagonistic yeasts and comprehension of their mechanisms of action on postharvest biological control of fruit and vegetables. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023
Assesment of Aspergillus spp. Infection in Vineyards of the Aegean Region of Turkey
No full text2nd International Symposium on Discovery and Development of Innovative Strategies for Postharvest Disease Management -- APR 18-MAY 02, 2013 -- Kusadasi, TURKEYThe Aegean region, especially Manisa province has an important potential of seedless 'Sultana' table grape in Turkey. Aspergillus spp. and other fungal diseases of grape prevent the economical production of grapes in this area. This study was aimed to determine the infection of Aspergillus spp. and other fungal diseases of grape and relationship with possible effects of temperature, insect damages, and other mechanical practices in grapevines. In 2009 and 2010, 1383 grape samples were collected from five grapevines in the district of Manisa (Alasehir). Samples were taken from buds, leaves, flowers and mature berries stage of grapes. We found Alternaria spp. (49%), Aspergillus spp. (31%), Penicillium spp.(7.9%) and Botrytis cinerea (5.3%) and the other fungal isolates (6.4%) were isolated especially late in the season. In 2009, 285 and in 2010, 142 Aspergillus spp. cultures were isolated. It was also observed that there was a relationship between berries damaged by Lobesia botrana larvae or mechanical cracks and Aspergillus spp. infection in table grapes. In both years, high temperatures in July (28 degrees C) had also an important role in colonization of Aspergillus spp. on grape. It was important since that stage coincided with the period of harvest. This information is critical to developing disease management approaches during the cold storage of table grapes and raisins.Int Soc Horticultural Sc
Postharvest Use of Non-Chemical Control Strategies in Turkey
No full textInternational Symposium on Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases - Challenges and Opportunities -- OCT 25-28, 2010 -- Leesburg, VADue to residue and resistance problems with fungicides, many attempts have been made in recent years to find alternatives to chemical control. In this regard, biological and physical methods have great potential. Based on recent research in this area, some studies on the biological control against postharvest diseases have been carried out in Turkey. These studies have focused on the use of antagonistic yeasts. Metschnikowia pulcherrima (on mandarin and grape), Pichia guilliermondii (on citrus), and Kloeckera apiculata (on peach) have been found to be effective against postharvest decays in these commodities. In our studies, antagonistic yeasts were applied either before or after harvest. Bioformulations of several effective antagonistic yeast isolates have been developed and pilot tests were carried out on citrus under packinghouses conditions. Additionally, select preharvest treatments such as plant growth regulators (GA(3) and 2,4-D), CaCl2, hot water, curing, UV-C, low doses of fungicides, and sodium bicarbonate were integrated with yeast isolates to enhance their efficacy.Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS
Effects of spray programs in vineyard and different type of sun-drying system on formation of ochratoxin A on raisins
No full text3rd International Symposium on Postharvest Pathology - Using Science to Increase Food Availability -- JUN 07-11, 2015 -- Bari, ITALYTurkey is the biggest raisin producer and exporter country in the world. One of the major problems on raisins is the mycotoxin formation, especially ochratoxin A (OTA), produced by two main genera of fungi (Aspergillus and Penicillium). In this study, effects of preharvest spray programs in vineyards and different types of sun drying systems were examined on formation of OTA on raisins in Manisa, Sarigol, Turkey. Considering the Aspergillus spp. contamination on grapes, a spraying program was established. In the same vineyard a non-spraying parcel was kept as a control. The spraying program, farmer's program and control were compared in three separate parcels. The spraying program was started after the last fungicide applications for powdery mildew in the vineyard. Before harvest the disease development was evaluated in bunches in vineyard. After harvest, grapes were sun dried on concrete surface and soil ground. Raisins were packed into the commercial sacks and polyethylene bags. Later they were separated in two parts and stored at room temperature and 2.5 degrees C for 8 months. OTA analyses were carried out on fresh berries and after drying on raisins. It was also repeated after two months of storage of raisins at different storage conditions. The microbial load was tested on raisins during storage. The greatest microbial loads by Aspergillus spp. was found on raisin dried on soil ground, while the lowest microbial load was obtained from raisins dried on concrete surface and kept in cold storage. Preharvest fungicides applications reduced the growth of Aspergillus spp. population. After two months of storage OTA in raisins was not detected in all applications.Int Soc Hort Sc
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Maxillary Labial Frenulum Attachment Types, Periodontal Health, and Dental Caries in Preschool Children
No full textObjective: The purpose of the study was to investigate any possible
relation between maxillary labial frenulum attachment type on
periodontal status and dental caries in pre14school children.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted for six months
among the children who were admitted for treatment at a university
clinic. The children aged between 3 to 6 years were enrolled in
the study. The types of maxillary labial frenulum attachment were
recorded as mucosal, gingival, papillary, and papillary penetrating
types. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and dental status
(dmft) of maxillary primary incisors were evaluated. Kruskal-Wallis
and Pearson’s chi-squared tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results: A total of 214 children (mean age was 4.4±0.9 years) were
evaluated. The most common maxillary frenulum attachment type
was the gingival type (45.8%), while the papillary penetrating type
(13.1%) was the least common. The PI and GI scores in children
with mucosal type frenulum were lower than in children with the
gingival, papillary, and papillary penetrating types (p<0.01). The
dmft scores were lower in children with mucosal type frenulum and
higher in children with papillary type frenulum (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Papillary and papillary penetrating types of frenulum
attachments were associated with a decline in periodontal health
and higher caries incidence in maxillary primary incisors
Effects of Different Modified Atmosphere Packing on Storage Quality and Decay Development of 'Hicaznar' Pomegranates (Punica granatum L.)
No full text7th International Postharvest Symposium -- JUN 25-29, 2012 -- Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIAIncreasing pomegranate production in the world requires appropriate conditions to preserve quality during prolonged storage and transport. Modified atmosphere (MA) packaging provides long storage period, maintains fruit quality and reduces decay development for four months or more after harvest. There are different types of bags used for pomegranate with different quality. In this study, the effects of a preharvest spray program and different MA packaging materials were evaluated on the quality and decay development of 'Hicaznar' pomegranate. Four different MA packages were used on unsprayed and sprayed fruit. Fruit were packed into modified atmosphere packing and stored at 6 degrees C for four months. Decay development and quality parameters were examined at two months intervals. One of the local made MA packing materials was found to be not able to maintain the fruit quality even at the second month of storage. However, the combination of preharvest spraying program and three different MA packages gave almost the same results in terms of pomegranate quality. The decay development was also very high on unsprayed fruit packed with local MA packaging material. The decay development on sprayed fruit was almost inhibited at preharvest stage and for two months in MA packaging.Int Soc Hort SciTurkish Scientific and Technical Research Council (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [110 O 624]This study was funded by the Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council (TUBITAK) under grant 110 O 624
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