1,720,955 research outputs found
Molecular Approaches on Biocontrol of Postharvest Fungal Plant Pathogens: Antagonistic Yeast Model
No full textPostharvest decays limit storage life and cause significant losses on fruit and vegetables. For a long time, synthetic fungicides have been used successfully for controlling the postharvest pathogens. In recent years, due to their risks, studies on alternatives to the chemical fungicides on postharvest rots control have garnered high attention. In this concern, the uses of biological and physical methods have gained great importance. Yeasts are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms that belong to Kingdom Fungi. As the epiphytic yeasts always exist on fruit and vegetable surfaces and compete with other microorganisms, they take attention on biological control. The management of postharvest pathogens with antagonistic yeasts, including pre- and postharvest uses, has gained great importance in the last 30 years. As a result of these studies some successful antagonist yeasts were found, and their formulations were carried out and commercialized. The use of antagonistic yeasts may differ with target pathogens and host; hence they can be applied at pre- or postharvest stages. After the 1990s, molecular methods have pioneered in providing very important developments in the biological control of fungi, as well as in all areas of plant pathology. To find a good antagonistic microorganism and deliver to conventional use is not easy and short process. These processes include isolation, identification, biology, ecology, physiology, biological efficacy-testing, commercial product development, and registration of yeasts for agricultural applications. Including all the steps, from the initial discovery to registration and product development, needs the work of specialist scientists from different disciplines together, including new technologies. In researches, genome sequencing is now commonly used for both identification and classification of pathogen and biocontrol agents for the control of the plant diseases. The interactions of the antagonist microorganisms with the pathogen and the host have been highly detectable and understandable by using omics technologies. This review supplies a summary of the usage of the molecular instruments for screening and identification of the antagonistic yeasts and comprehension of their mechanisms of action on postharvest biological control of fruit and vegetables. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023
Postharvest Use of Non-Chemical Control Strategies in Turkey
No full textInternational Symposium on Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases - Challenges and Opportunities -- OCT 25-28, 2010 -- Leesburg, VADue to residue and resistance problems with fungicides, many attempts have been made in recent years to find alternatives to chemical control. In this regard, biological and physical methods have great potential. Based on recent research in this area, some studies on the biological control against postharvest diseases have been carried out in Turkey. These studies have focused on the use of antagonistic yeasts. Metschnikowia pulcherrima (on mandarin and grape), Pichia guilliermondii (on citrus), and Kloeckera apiculata (on peach) have been found to be effective against postharvest decays in these commodities. In our studies, antagonistic yeasts were applied either before or after harvest. Bioformulations of several effective antagonistic yeast isolates have been developed and pilot tests were carried out on citrus under packinghouses conditions. Additionally, select preharvest treatments such as plant growth regulators (GA(3) and 2,4-D), CaCl2, hot water, curing, UV-C, low doses of fungicides, and sodium bicarbonate were integrated with yeast isolates to enhance their efficacy.Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS
Assesment of Aspergillus spp. Infection in Vineyards of the Aegean Region of Turkey
No full text2nd International Symposium on Discovery and Development of Innovative Strategies for Postharvest Disease Management -- APR 18-MAY 02, 2013 -- Kusadasi, TURKEYThe Aegean region, especially Manisa province has an important potential of seedless 'Sultana' table grape in Turkey. Aspergillus spp. and other fungal diseases of grape prevent the economical production of grapes in this area. This study was aimed to determine the infection of Aspergillus spp. and other fungal diseases of grape and relationship with possible effects of temperature, insect damages, and other mechanical practices in grapevines. In 2009 and 2010, 1383 grape samples were collected from five grapevines in the district of Manisa (Alasehir). Samples were taken from buds, leaves, flowers and mature berries stage of grapes. We found Alternaria spp. (49%), Aspergillus spp. (31%), Penicillium spp.(7.9%) and Botrytis cinerea (5.3%) and the other fungal isolates (6.4%) were isolated especially late in the season. In 2009, 285 and in 2010, 142 Aspergillus spp. cultures were isolated. It was also observed that there was a relationship between berries damaged by Lobesia botrana larvae or mechanical cracks and Aspergillus spp. infection in table grapes. In both years, high temperatures in July (28 degrees C) had also an important role in colonization of Aspergillus spp. on grape. It was important since that stage coincided with the period of harvest. This information is critical to developing disease management approaches during the cold storage of table grapes and raisins.Int Soc Horticultural Sc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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