151 research outputs found
Integrative Chemistry based morphosyntheses of hierarchical composite materials for photovoltaic, photocatalysis and photoluminescence applications
No full textThe shaping of functional materials and the control of their texture at all length scales are sine qua non conditions for the improvement of current systems. This PhD project consists in creating complex solid architectures using interdisciplinary methods such as sol-gel chemistry or complex fluids physics. Therefore, it is possible to synthesize Titanium Dioxide macroscopic fibers or films which possess a hierarchical porosity. This organization allows the optimization of the matter transport (liquid/gaz) for air depollution application (photocatalysis) or dye-sensitized solar cells. In another project, we were able to control the alignment of zinc oxide nanorods within a macroscopic fiber. This alignment provides to the fiber an anisotropic photoluminescence behavior which can be useful for switching devices application. Finally, we synthesized anisotropic particles and nano-sheets of polypyrrole (conducting polymer) in order to obtain smooth thin films presenting interesting electrical properties. The objective was to use them as electrolyte and/or electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells
Integrative Chemistry based morphosyntheses of hierarchical composite materials for photovoltaic, photocatalysis and photoluminescence applications
No full textLa mise en forme de matériaux fonctionnels et leur texturation contrôlée à toutes les échelles sont des conditions sine qua non pour l’amélioration des systèmes existants. Ce projet de thèse consiste en la création de structures solides complexes en utilisant des méthodes interdisciplinaires telles que la chimie sol-gel et la physique des fluides complexes. Ainsi, il est possible d’obtenir des fibres ou des films de dioxyde de Titane poreux présentant des pores de différentes tailles organisés hiérarchiquement. Cette organisation texturale optimise le transport de matière (gaz / liquides) pour des applications telles que la dépollution d’air (photocatalyse) ou les cellules solaires à colorant. Par ailleurs, nous avons contrôlé l’alignement de nano-bâtonnets d’oxyde de Zinc au sein d’une fibre macroscopique générant ainsi des propriétés collectives d’émission de lumière (photoluminescence)anisotrope, spécificité d’utilité pour l’électronique à permutation. Enfin, nous avons synthétisé des nano objets anisotropiques et des nano-lamelles de polypyrrole afin de générer des films minces lisses avec des propriétés électriques permettant leur utilisation comme électrode ou électrolyte solide dans des cellules solaires à colorant.The shaping of functional materials and the control of their texture at all length scales are sine qua non conditions for the improvement of current systems. This PhD project consists in creating complex solid architectures using interdisciplinary methods such as sol-gel chemistry or complex fluids physics. Therefore, it is possible to synthesize Titanium Dioxide macroscopic fibers orfilms which possess a hierarchical porosity. This organization allows the optimization of the matter transport (liquid/gaz) for air depollution application (photocatalysis) or dye-sensitizedsolar cells. In another project, we were able to control the alignment of zinc oxide nanorods within a macroscopic fiber. This alignment provides to the fiber an anisotropic photoluminescence behavior which can be useful for switching devices application. Finally, we synthesized anisotropic particles and nano-sheets of polypyrrole (conducting polymer) in order to obtain smooth thin films presenting interesting electrical properties. The objective was to use them as electrolyte and/or electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells
Chimie intégrative dédiée aux morphosynthèses de matériaux composites multi-échelles et études de leurs applications en photoluminescence, photocatalyse et photovoltaïque
No full textThe shaping of functional materials and the control of their texture at all length scales are sine qua non conditions for the improvement of current systems. This PhD project consists in creating complex solid architectures using interdisciplinary methods such as sol-gel chemistry or complex fluids physics. Therefore, it is possible to synthesize Titanium Dioxide macroscopic fibers orfilms which possess a hierarchical porosity. This organization allows the optimization of the matter transport (liquid/gaz) for air depollution application (photocatalysis) or dye-sensitizedsolar cells. In another project, we were able to control the alignment of zinc oxide nanorods within a macroscopic fiber. This alignment provides to the fiber an anisotropic photoluminescence behavior which can be useful for switching devices application. Finally, we synthesized anisotropic particles and nano-sheets of polypyrrole (conducting polymer) in order to obtain smooth thin films presenting interesting electrical properties. The objective was to use them as electrolyte and/or electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells.La mise en forme de matériaux fonctionnels et leur texturation contrôlée à toutes les échelles sont des conditions sine qua non pour l’amélioration des systèmes existants. Ce projet de thèse consiste en la création de structures solides complexes en utilisant des méthodes interdisciplinaires telles que la chimie sol-gel et la physique des fluides complexes. Ainsi, il est possible d’obtenir des fibres ou des films de dioxyde de Titane poreux présentant des pores de différentes tailles organisés hiérarchiquement. Cette organisation texturale optimise le transport de matière (gaz / liquides) pour des applications telles que la dépollution d’air (photocatalyse) ou les cellules solaires à colorant. Par ailleurs, nous avons contrôlé l’alignement de nano-bâtonnets d’oxyde de Zinc au sein d’une fibre macroscopique générant ainsi des propriétés collectives d’émission de lumière (photoluminescence)anisotrope, spécificité d’utilité pour l’électronique à permutation. Enfin, nous avons synthétisé des nano objets anisotropiques et des nano-lamelles de polypyrrole afin de générer des films minces lisses avec des propriétés électriques permettant leur utilisation comme électrode ou électrolyte solide dans des cellules solaires à colorant
Integrative Chemistry based morphosyntheses of hierarchical composite materials for photovoltaic, photocatalysis and photoluminescence applications
No full textThe shaping of functional materials and the control of their texture at all length scales are sine qua non conditions for the improvement of current systems. This PhD project consists in creating complex solid architectures using interdisciplinary methods such as sol-gel chemistry or complex fluids physics. Therefore, it is possible to synthesize Titanium Dioxide macroscopic fibers or films which possess a hierarchical porosity. This organization allows the optimization of the matter transport (liquid/gaz) for air depollution application (photocatalysis) or dye-sensitized solar cells. In another project, we were able to control the alignment of zinc oxide nanorods within a macroscopic fiber. This alignment provides to the fiber an anisotropic photoluminescence behavior which can be useful for switching devices application. Finally, we synthesized anisotropic particles and nano-sheets of polypyrrole (conducting polymer) in order to obtain smooth thin films presenting interesting electrical properties. The objective was to use them as electrolyte and/or electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells
Kedrovyi Sor : la vie quotidienne dans un camp du goulag à l'époque stalinienne
No full textKedrovyi Sor: daily life in a Gulag camp during the Stalinist period, Oleg Azarov.
Our knowledge of the Soviet concentration camp universe is beginning to be nourished by direct access to archives. The author, a young Russian scholar, has been able to work on a rich collection of documents concerning the camp of Kedrovyi Sor, in the Pečora bassin. Through his study of the camp's administrative structure, its financial operation and its economic activities, and through an analysis of the inmates and their living conditions, he provides, almost in the raw, a concrete and precise description of the daily functioning of a Stalinist camp from the early 1930s to the 1950s.Azarov Oleg, Laurent Natacha. Kedrovyi Sor : la vie quotidienne dans un camp du goulag à l'époque stalinienne. In: Vingtième Siècle, revue d'histoire, n°43, juillet-septembre 1994. Dossier : Histoire au présent de la "political correctness" pp. 69-87
: Advanced functional cellular materials bearing multiscale porosity
No full textWith this mini review we show through the sol-gel and emulsion-based Integrative Chemistry how it is possible to trigger materials dimensionality and beyond their functionalities when reaching enhanced applications. In here we focus on 3D macrocellular monolithic foams bearing hierarchical porosities and applications thereof. We first depict the general background of emulsions focusing on concentrated ones, acting as soft templates for the design of PolyHIPE foams, HIPE being the acronym of High Internal Phase Emulsions while encompassing both sol-gel and polymer chemistry. Secondly we extend this approach toward the design of hybrid organic-inorganic foams, labeled Organo-Si(HIPE), where photonics and heterogeneous catalysis applications are addressed. In a third section we show how inorganic Si(HIPE) matrices can be employed as sacrificial hard templates for the generation carbonaceous foams, labeled Carbon(HIPE). These foams being conductive we show applications when employed as electrodes for Li-S battery and as hosts for Li(BH4)-based hydrogen storage
Impact of a photocatalytic treatment device on toluene removal in indoor air
No full textInternational audienceAddressing indoor air quality (IAQ) is still a key issue regardinghuman health and well-being. Air purifiers can enhance IAQ but aremainly used for the removal of particulate matter andmicroorganisms. To remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs),photocatalytic oxidation-based technologies have shown promisingresults but their real efficiency in a room is still discussed.Objectives :Evaluate the efficiency of a new photocatalytic material ontoluene removal Predict the evolution of toluene concentration in a typical cubicroom with and without the utilization of a photocatalytic devicewhile varying different parameter
Extrusion-based <i>Integrative Chemistry</i>: Generation and applications of inorganic fibers
No full textImpact of a photocatalytic treatment device on toluene removal in indoor air
No full textInternational audienceAddressing indoor air quality (IAQ) is still a key issue regardinghuman health and well-being. Air purifiers can enhance IAQ but aremainly used for the removal of particulate matter andmicroorganisms. To remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs),photocatalytic oxidation-based technologies have shown promisingresults but their real efficiency in a room is still discussed.Objectives :Evaluate the efficiency of a new photocatalytic material ontoluene removal Predict the evolution of toluene concentration in a typical cubicroom with and without the utilization of a photocatalytic devicewhile varying different parameter
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