1,720,983 research outputs found
The Activities of the Shanren 山人 in the Wanli Era of the Ming
Get PDFThe serious social problem posed by the literati known as shanren 山人 who sold their services in the Wanli era of the late Ming had already come to the attention of many their contemporaries, and a number of studies regarding them have previously been conducted. Nevertheless, a good deal of the details of the specific activities of the shanren remains obscure. This study seeks to clarify the picture of the activities of the shanren of the period by using the "Shanren" 山人 section in the twenty-third fascicle of the Wanli yehuobian 萬暦野獲編 -of Shen Defu 沈德符 and also by carefully examining the description of the shanren in the "Shenzong shilu" "神宗實錄" portion of the Ming shilu 明實錄. Behind the ostensible prosperity of the Wanli era, contradictions in the military and economic situation in outlying regions deepened, while at the center incidents of anonymous letters exposing misconduct, which grew out of the confrontation of the emperor and his courtiers over the crown prince, frequently occurred and factional fighting intensified. These domestic problems and foreign troubles brought an end to the Ming dynasty, and the activities of the shanren in dealing with the economic problems of the outlying regions, which were at the core of both domestic and foreign problems, and their profound involvement with both factions involved the letter incidents at the center can be gleaned from a reading of the "Shenzong shilu." Furthermore, it can be presumed that the shanren were involved in the nexus of the domestic and foreign problems. The first note of the shanren appeared in Ming shilu record for the year Wanli 12. This is not to suggest that the shanren had not existed previously, but that their activities only became a serious political and social issue after the Wanli era. In this sense, it can be said that the activities of the shanren were a special phenomenon of the Wanli era. Heretofore, most evaluations of the shanren have been negative, but, in order to grasp the society and the politics of the age, it is necessary to analyze the activities of the shanren objectively. To this end, it is indispensable that the historical materials left by the shanren themselves be examined, and such is the object of a forthcoming study by this author
Some remarks concerning composition, style and language of the Dongjieyuan Xixiangji Zhugongdiao董解元西廂記諸宮調
Get PDFThe Dongjieyuan Xixiangji Zhugongdiao of the Jin dynasty is a drama that is regarded in the history of literature, together with Wang Shifu's 王實甫 Xixiangji zaju 『西廂記』雜劇 as one of the highest marks of Chinese dramatic literature. However, partly owing to the difficulty in understanding its language, it is only rarely read and studied. In this article, attention is drawn to the way in which the composition and development of the story follows the change of seasons ; especially the alternation of spring and autumn has to be mentioned here. Furthermore, as far as language and style of expression is concerned, the Ci 詞 poems of the Song dynasty are skillfully interwoven and used to express the outer scenery and inner feelings in a way that mutually enhances them masterfully. Furthermore, it can clearly be demonstrated in what ways it aspires to continue and follow the Xixiangji zaju. As far as the vocabulary is concerned, it is demonstrated, that there are subtle situational changes in the use of those words in the Dongjieyuan Xixiangji Zhugong-diao that occur also in the Xixiang Zaju, and how in this way the former drama completely absorbs the latter
Du Fu as a Shanren
No full textShanren (山人, mountain people) originally referred to hermits or immortals that live reclusively in mountainous regions, but later its meaning extended to intellectuals who live in urban area, and maintain their livings by being mainly herbalists, charlatans or fortune-tellers, and perform in the gesture of immortals. These Shanren emerged in the Tang dynasty and were flourished in the late Ming period. This paper focuses on the portrayal of herbal medicine in Du Fu's poetry, in particular the possibility that Du Fu maintained his livelihood by being an herbalist after he resigned from the government post in Huazhou 華州. This paper also examines the livelihood of other Shanren who were related to Du Fu, and points out that although neither Du Fu nor others regarded Du as a Shanren, his lifestyle resembled that of Shanren in those days. In conclusion, this paper provides a hypothesis on the circumstances of Du Fu after his resignation
<Review>H. Chen, Liu Po-wen 劉伯温 and No-chi 哪吒 City : A Legend of the Building of Beijing 北京, Taibei, 1996
Get PDF
REVIEWS: Selected Masterpieces of Ancient and Modern Korean Hanshi by SHIMOSADA Masahiro and TOYOFUKU Kenji. Tôkyô: Bensei Publishing Inc, 2019
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
- …
