1,721,153 research outputs found
Managing Spatial Growth for Productive and Livable Cities in Mexico
No full textDespite impressive economic growth and increasing prosperity, cities in Mexico do not seem to have fully captured the benefits of urban agglomeration, in part because of rapid and uncoordinated urban growth. Recent expansion of many Mexican cities has been distant, disconnected, and dispersed, driven mainly by large single-use housing developments on the outskirts of cities. The lack of a coordinated approach to urban development has hindered the ability of cities in Mexico to boost economic growth and foster inclusive development. It also has created a fissure between new housing developments and urban services, infrastructure, and access to employment.
Mexico Urbanization Review: Managing Spatial Growth for Productive and Livable Cities in Mexico provides an analytical basis to understand how well-managed urban growth can help Mexican cities to capture the positive gains associated with urbanization. To this end, the authors analyze the development patterns of the 100 largest Mexican cities using a set of spatial indexes. They then examine how the recent urban growth has affected the economic performance and livability of Mexican cities and offer recommendations for adjusting urban policy frameworks and instruments in ways that support sustainable spatial development and make cities more productive and inclusive
영아 식품알레르기 발생에 대한 산모 식이패턴과 유전적 변이의 영향
No full text의학과The increasing incidence of food allergy (FA) can be attributed to interactions between genes and environment, but these interactions are not yet fully clear. We aimed to evaluate the interaction between infant genetic variations and maternal dietary patterns for risk factors in the development of FA. We used COCOA birth cohort of 1628 infants, born between 2007 and 2015. Maternal dietary intakes were assessed at 26 weeks of pregnancy by a food frequency questionnaire and grouped according to five dietary patterns. Infant cord blood samples were genotyped at 12 loci. Gut microbiota in infants’ stools at 6 months was analyzed. Among 1628 infants, 147 (9.0%) were diagnosed with FA. A maternal diet characterized by higher intake of confectioneries during pregnancy was associated with greater prevalence of FA [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.517, P = .02]; such dietary pattern tended to be higher in trans-fat (r = 0.498, P < .001); such development of FA was associated with longer periods of breast feeding (adjusted OR = 1.792, P = .03), and this dietary pattern was more significantly related to development of FA in infants with homozygous TT genotype of CD14 (rs2569190) and more than one copy of GSTM1 and GSTT1. The synergic effect of high maternal confectionery dietary pattern and SNPs of CD14 or GSTM1 induced gut microbiota alterations including decreased alph diversity and increased Firmicutes or Verrucomicrobia. A maternal diet during pregnancy that majorly consists of confectionery products, combined with a longer ensuing period of breastfeeding may lead to development of FA, which may be a harmful effect of trans fat in the infant; and the polymorphisms in CD14 and GST of the infant play a role in that susceptibility to FA. This synergic interaction of perinatal dietary pattern and infant genetic variation might induce infant gut microbiota dysbiosis which could development infant FA.open박
Ontology based software reconfiguration in a ubiquitous computing environment
No full textThis research was supported by the MIC(Ministry of Information and Communication), Korea, under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) support program supervised by the IITA(Institute of Information Technology Assessment
Nonparametric Bayesian Poisson hurdle random effects model: an application to temperature-suicide association study
No full textIn environmental epidemiology, the short-term association between temperature and suicide has been examined by analyzing daily time-series data on suicide and temperature collected from multiple locations. A two-stage meta-analytic approach has been conventionally used. A Poisson regression with splines is fitted for each location in the first stage, and location-specific association parameter estimates are pooled, adjusted, and regressed onto location-specific variables using meta-regressions in the second stage. However, several limitations of the conventional two-stage approaches have been reported. First, the Poisson distribution assumption may be inappropriate because the daily number of suicides is often zero. Second, the normal assumption in the second-stage meta-regression is not sufficiently flexible to describe between-location heterogeneity when subgroups exist. Third, the two-stage approach does not properly account for the statistical uncertainty associated with first-stage estimates. In this study, we propose a nonparametric Bayesian Poisson hurdle random effects model to investigate heterogeneity in the temperature-suicide association across multiple locations. The proposed model consists of two parts, binary and positive, with random coefficients specified to describe heterogeneity. Furthermore, random coefficients combined with location-specific indicators were assumed to follow a Dirichlet process mixture of normals to identify the subgroups. The proposed methodology was validated through a simulation study and applied to data from a nationwide temperature-suicide association study in Japan.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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