1,721,006 research outputs found
Learning to schedule job-shop problems: Representation and policy learning using graph neural network and reinforcement learning
No full textWe propose a framework to learn to schedule a job-shop problem (JSSP) using a graph neural network (GNN) and reinforcement learning (RL). We formulate the scheduling process of JSSP as a sequential decision-making problem with graph representation of the state to consider the structure of JSSP. In solving the formulated problem, the proposed framework employs a GNN to learn that node features that embed the spatial structure of the JSSP represented as a graph (representation learning) and derive the optimum scheduling policy that maps the embedded node features to the best scheduling action (policy learning). We employ Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) based RL strategy to train these two modules in an end-to-end fashion. We empirically demonstrate that the GNN scheduler, due to its superb generalization capability, outperforms practically favoured dispatching rules and RL-based schedulers on various benchmark JSSP. We also confirmed that the proposed framework learns a transferable scheduling policy that can be employed to schedule a completely new JSSP (in terms of size and parameters) without further training.
Generating Dispatching Rules for the Interrupting Swap-Allowed Blocking Job Shop Problem Using Graph Neural Network and Reinforcement Learning
No full textThe interrupting swap-allowed blocking job shop problem (ISBJSSP) is a complex scheduling problem that is able to model many manufacturing planning and logistics applications realistically by addressing both the lack of storage capacity and unforeseen production interruptions. Subjected to random disruptions due to machine malfunction or maintenance, industry production settings often choose to adopt dispatching rules to enable adaptive, real-time re-scheduling, rather than traditional methods that require costly re-computation on the new configuration every time the problem condition changes dynamically. To generate dispatching rules for the ISBJSSP problem, we introduce a dynamic disjunctive graph formulation characterized by nodes and edges subjected to continuous deletions and additions. This formulation enables the training of an adaptive scheduler utilizing graph neural networks and reinforcement learning. Furthermore, a simulator is developed to simulate interruption, swapping, and blocking in the ISBJSSP setting. By employing a set of reported benchmark instances, we conduct a detailed experimental study on ISBJSSP instances with a range of machine shutdown probabilities to show that the scheduling policies generated can outperform or are at least as competitive as existing dispatching rules with predetermined priority. This study shows that the ISBJSSP, which requires real-time adaptive solutions, can be scheduled efficiently with the proposed method when production interruptions occur with random machine shutdowns.
The effect of biofeedback training combined with sonic whole body vibration on symmetrical development of lower limb muscle
No full text의공학과/석사저항부하를 이용한 근력운동은 편측우성의 특성을 가지는 인체의 특성에 의해 근력의 불균형을 야기하고, 이는 곧 근육의 불균형을 유발한다. 근육의 불균형을 야기하는 편향적인 근력운동을 미연에 방지하거나 근육 불균형을 교정하기 위한 기존의 방법들에는 운동부하 편차방식이 있다. 그러나 편측에 과부하 혹은 역치 이하의 자극으로 근육의 발달양상에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 운동 중 근력이 발현이 균형적으로 이루어지고 있는지 실시간으로 관찰할 수 없는 한계점을 지닌다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 부상과 근육 발달저해 요인이 비교적 적으며, 실시간으로 균형적인 근력의 발현을 유도할 수 있도록 하는 새로운 근육 균형발달 운동방법을 제안하였다. 표면 근전도 기반의 근육 활성도를 측정하고, 이를 운동자에게 바이오피드백하며, 근육 발달의 보조수단으로써 음파전신진동운동을 이용하여 근육 균형 발달을 유도하였다. 이를 위하여 음파전신진동운동기기 시스템과 표면 근전도 기반의 실시간 바이오피드백 시스템을 설계 및 제작 하였다. 또한, 하지근 균형 발달에 음파전신진동 운동이 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 대조군과 바이오피드백군, 음파전신진동운동군, 바이오피드백과 음파전신진동운동 결합군을 설정하고, 4주간의 레그프레스 운동을 실시하였으며, 양측 하지의 1RM, MVIC 운동 중 Torque를 측정하여 근력 불균형 비율을 산출하였다. 운동 전후의 근력 불균형 비율은 대조군에서(VI1RM : -36.53±70.36, VITorque : -46.36±98.63) 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 바이오피드백운동군(VI1RM : 68.33±24.95, VITorque :
61.36±13.26), 음파전신진동운동군(VI1RM : 68.17±19.82, VITorque : 82.56±2.36), 바이오피드백과 음파전신진동운동 결합군(VI1RM : 93.33±9.85, VITorque : 88.14±11.33) 에서는 상대적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 상대적으로 바이오피드백과 음파전신진동운동 결합군에서의 근력 불균형 비율이 가장 크게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 음파전신진동운동이 하지근의 균형발달에 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 제안한 운동방법이 기존의 방법이 가지는 한계점을 극복하고, 근육 불균형을 미연에 방지하거나 해소하기 위한 목적으로 적용하기에 충분한 가능성이 있음을 보였으며, 스포츠 의학적인 목적으로 운동선수, 재활 환자군 등과 같은 특수한 조건을 가진 대상자에게도 응용할 수 있다.ope
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Experiences and Memories of Violence in Literary Works of Han Kang: A Comparison with the Diary of Young Girl
Full text linkThe aim of the article is to compare Anne Frank’s The Diary of Young Girl with two novels, Human Acts and Vegetarian, both by the Korean female author Han Kang. Han Kang, who was born and raised in Gwangju in 1970 and left it in January 1980, could not witness the tragedy of the Gwangju uprising firsthand. Yet she is known as the “Daughter of Gwangju,” who spoke about the tragedy as an adult writing independent memory literature. She admitted to the horrors of the tragedy, saying that she heard the full account of the tragedy in Gwangju as a “story” and has seen it in a “photo book” her father saved two years after the incident. A literary production of such indirect experience culminated in the publication of Human Acts in 2014. Compared to the Vegetarian trilogy, published in 2007, it is difficult to find a link to Human Acts in terms of an epic context. This is because Vegetarian lacks a realistic description of the Gwangju tragedy. Vegetarian, however, is considered in this argument to be an epic extension of Human Acts because it uses the aftermath of visible violence that is homogeneous to the Gwangju tragedy as the motif of the novel. Additionally, it represents the clash with the “daily fascism,” which has spread like chaos through micro-violence
Comparative study on exception to lack of novelty due to the pre-filing behavior
No full text학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 지식재산대학원프로그램, 2021.2,[iv, 70 p. :]출원인들은 자신들의 발명품을 시장에 판매하는 상업적 행위를 통해 이윤을 창출하며, 이 과정에서 부득이하게 특허 출원 보다 앞서 상업적 판매 행위가 발생하는 경우가 존재한다. 한편, 선행기술로서의 “판매” 행위를 판단 하기 위한 기준으로, 미국의 경우 “판매” 행위를 선행기술의 하나의 종류로 규정하고 있는 반면, 유럽과 일본, 그리고 우리나라에서는 “판매” 행위를 포함한 선행기술의 기준을 특허 출원일 전, 대중에의 공개 또는 공연실시 된 발명이라는 포괄적인 개념으로 정의하고 있다. 이외에도, 특허 출원 이전에 공개된 발명에 대한 구제수단 및 비밀판매 행위에 따른 판단 기준 또한 국가별로 상이한 입법 취지를 가지고 있다. - 미국, 일본, 우리나라의 경우 1년, 유럽의 경우 6개월의 유예기간 - 본 논문에서는 위와 같이 국가별로 상이한 선행 판매행위의 판단 기준 및 구제 수단을 비교법적 연구를 통해 고찰해 보고, 선행 판매 행위에 따른 특허권 확보를 위해 출원인이 취해야 할 출원 전략에 대해 제안하고자 한다.한국과학기술원 :지식재산대학원프로그램
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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