1,721,040 research outputs found
Experience and knowledge
No full textExperience is the source of empirical knowledge. Does this require that experience itself be
knowledge? My answer to the question is affirmative. Experience, in so far as it is the
source of empirical knowledge, has to be itself knowledge. Following the traditional
understanding of knowledge, this means that experience as the source of knowledge is a
kind of justified true belief. This I call the gnostic conception of experience, or gnosticism
for short. The aim of the thesis is to argue for gnosticism. The thesis consists of nine
chapters.
Chapter 1 proposes gnosticism and examines some historical traditions from the
gnosticist point of view.
Chapter 2 defends a version of traditional understanding of knowledge on which
gnosticismis based.
Chapter 3 rejects nongnosticism by arguing against nonconceptualism. It is argued that
nonconceptual experience cannot play a justificatory role for thought, since there is no
systematic relation between nonconceptual experience and thought.
Chapter 4 rejects quasi-gnosticism by arguing against conceptualism. Based on the
doxastic criterion of justification, the chapter challenges the justificatory role of nondoxatic
conceptual experience.
Chapter 5 explores the relationship between experience and concept and argues that
experience and concept are constitutive of each other.
Chapter 6 proposes and argues for doxasticism which says that experience is belief about
the world.
Chapter 7 defends doxasticism against the disbelief objection which says we do not
always believe what we experience.
Chapter 8 argues that the voluntariness of belief does not undermine doxasticism since
experience is an active, rational exploration of the world.
With doxasticism established, chapter 9 returns to gnosticism by tackling the problem of
the justification of experience. It is argued that experience can be justified as true without
being inferential and is in this sense the foundation of empirical knowledge
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
El fisicalismo no reduccionista y su problema con la causalidad mental
Get PDFEl texto que se traduce es “The Nonreductivist’s Troubles with Mental Causation”. Mental Causation. Eds. John Heil y Alfred Mele. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. 189-210. También se hizo uso de la versión publicada en Jaegwon Kim, Supervenience and mind. Selected philosophical essays. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993. 336-357
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Meaning and compositional structure.
No full textPhilosophers of language standardly accept the semantic compositionality principle (CP): a satisfactory theory of meaning for a natural language must show how the meaning of each sentence of the language depends on the meanings of its parts. The standard argument for CP is that if we do not show how the meanings of sentences of a natural language depend on the meanings of their parts, we will be unable to account for the fact that competent speakers of natural languages are able to understand an indefinite number of sentences they have not previously encountered. In what sense does this standard line of reasoning show that the meanings of sentences depend on the meanings of their parts? There are two very different kinds of compositional dependence which are discussed, but not always clearly distinguished, in the literature. There is the weak compositional dependence of the meaning of a sentence S, according to which the relationship between the fact that S means M, as used in a particular population, and the fact that S has a compositional structure is only a contingent one: S might have meant M even if it were not compositionally structured. And there is the strong compositional dependence of the meaning of S, according to which the fact that S has a compositional structure is a necessary condition for its having the meaning that it does. I show that the standard argument for CP can only establish that the meanings of sentences of natural languages are weakly compositionally dependent. I argue that the meanings of many natural language sentences are strongly compositionally dependent. My argument is based on reflections about radical interpretation. The central idea is that a necessary condition for the justified attribution of some kinds of contents to a person's utterances is that those utterances are compositionally structured. The point is not just epistemological: the fact that a particular uttered sentence is compositionally structured is in some cases a necessary part of what makes it true that the sentence has the meaning that it does.PhDPhilosophyPhilosophy, Religion and TheologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/128254/2/8907025.pd
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
