60 research outputs found
Onions Got Puzzled: On the Challenges of Mitigating Denial-of-Service Problems in Tor Onion Services
No full textESR2–HDA6 complex negatively regulates auxin biosynthesis to delay callus initiation in Arabidopsis leaf explants during tissue culture
No full textPlants exhibit an astonishing ability to regulate organ regeneration upon wounding. Excision of leaf explants promotes the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which is polar-transported to excised regions, where cell fate transition leads to root founder cell specification to induce de novo root regeneration. The regeneration capacity of plants has been utilized to develop in vitro tissue culture technologies. Here, we report that IAA accumulation near the wounded site of leaf explants is essential for callus formation on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-rich callus-inducing medium (CIM). Notably, a high concentration of 2,4-D does not compensate for the action of IAA because of its limited efflux; rather, it lowers IAA biosynthesis via a negative feedback mechanism at an early stage of in vitro tissue culture, delaying callus initiation. The auxin negative feedback loop in CIM-cultured leaf explants is mediated by an auxin-inducible APETALA2 transcription factor, ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 2 (ESR2), along with its interacting partner HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDA6). The ESR2-HDA6 complex binds directly to, and removes the H3ac mark from, the YUCCA1 ( YUC1 ), YUC7 , and YUC9 loci, consequently repressing auxin biosynthesis and inhibiting cell fate transition on 2,4-D-rich CIM. These findings indicate that negative feedback regulation of auxin biosynthesis by ESR2 and HDA6 interferes with proper cell fate transition and callus initiation.
Instrument response files for seismic stations in South Korea
No full textCitation
If you use it, please cite the following article in your work:
Lim and Kim (2020), A dataset of seismic sensor responses of South Korea seismic stations. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 56(4), 515-524, http://dx.doi.org/10.14770/jgsk.2020.56.4.515 (Korean with English abstract)
Example 1 (Seismic Analysis Code)
Examples to deconvolve the instrument response from raw data are below, using the Seismic Analysis Code (SAC, version sac-101.6a).
1. A unit of output is 'm/s'
r pzfile TO none FREQ 0.05 0.1 1.5 3.0
w vel.sac
q
2. A unit of output is 'm'
r pzfile TO none FREQ 0.05 0.1 1.5 3.0
TRANS FROM VEL TO NONE
w disp.sac
q
3. A unit of output is 'm/s2'
r pzfile TO none FREQ 0.05 0.1 1.5 3.0
TRANS FROM VEL TO ACC
w acc.sac
q
Note that the unit of the output is incoherent with the SAC header 'IDEP'.
Example 2 (StationXML with obspy)
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from obspy import read_inventory
from obspy import read
st = read('/path/to/waveforms')
inv = read_inventory('ksgn.xml')
st.detrend(type="linear")
st.detrend(type="demean")
pref = [0.1, 0.2, 15, 20]
#output = m/s**2
st2 = st.copy()
st2.remove_response(inventory=inv,output='ACC',pre_filt=pref,taper=True,zero_mean=False)
st2[0].write('acc.sac',format="SAC")
#...
#output = m/s
st2 = st.copy()
st2.remove_response(inventory=inv,output='VEL',pre_filt=pref,taper=True,zero_mean=False)
st2[0].write('vel.sac',format="SAC")
#...
#output = m
st2 = st.copy()
st2.remove_response(inventory=inv,output='DISP',pre_filt=pref,taper=True,zero_mean=False)
st2[0].write('disp.sac',format="SAC")
#...
Update notes
[1.01]
Files for the sensor JC-V100 are provided from Won-Young Kim (2 Dec 2021)
Station KS.HA2B is added
StationXML file is added (ksgn.xml)
[1.00] The files for the KG network are made based on the logs until 12 April 2019 (personal communication with the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources).
Others
Velocity seismometer https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700312
Accelerometer https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.387243
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Cross layer design for the transmission of multimedia over wireless channels
No full textWhen we transmit multimedia through wireless channels, we need to protect source bits from channel noise. However, due to the constraints on the channel resources, source and channel bits should share the resources optimally in the sense of distortion or throughput. That is, the problem is how to allocate channel resources such as the bandwidth, diversity, or transmit power to the source and channel under system constraints. In addition, due to the unequal priority of source packets, performance can be improved by assigning unequal channel resources to the packets based on their priority. In this dissertation, we introduce an information-theoretic framework which allows us to analyze the system performance mathematically with unequal allocation of the channel resources with respect to the unequal priority of the source packets. By applying the information theoretic framework, an algorithm to find the throughput-optimal unequal error protection (UEP) is derived. The first example to apply this framework is the progressive image transmission over block fading channels with relay-assisted distributed spatial diversity. Assuming a progressive image coder with a constraint on the transmission bandwidth, we formulate a joint source- channel rate allocation scheme that maximizes the expected source throughput. Specifically, using Gaussian as well as BPSK inputs on at Rayleigh fading channels, we lower bound the average packet error rate by the corresponding mutual information outage probability, and derive the average throughput expression as a function of channel code rates as well as channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a frequency-division multiplexing-based system both without relaying and with a half-duplex relay using a decode-and- forward protocol. At high SNR, the optimization problem involves a convex function of the channel code rates, and we show that a known recursive algorithm can be used to predict the performance of both systems. The second example is the layered transmission of a Gaussian source over multiple relays using superposition coding. At first, we analyze the outage probability and performance in terms of average throughput and distortion for decodeand-forward (DF) protocols with single-layer and superposed two-layer coding. For the superposition coding approach, we consider different power allocations to the base and enhancement layers. Then, we propose a simple protocol which assigns a pre-determined number of relays to individual layers instead of repeating the superposition coded packet at the relay. We also present numerical results based on the analysis to compare the performance. We then consider a practical application where motion compensated fine granular scalable (MC-FGS) video is transmitted over multi -input multi-output (MIMO) wireless channels and the leaky and partial prediction schemes are applied in the enhancement layer of MC-FGS video to exploit the tradeoff between error propagation and coding efficiency. For reliable transmission, we propose UEP by considering a tradeoff between reliability and data rates, which is controlled by forward error correction (FEC) and MIMO mode selection to minimize the average distortion. In a high Doppler environment where it is hard to get an accurate channel estimate, we investigate the performance of the proposed MC-FGS video transmission scheme with joint control of both the leaky and partial prediction parameters and the UEP. In a slow fading channel where the channel throughput can be estimated at the transmitter, adaptive control of the prediction parameters is considere
Long-time behavior towards viscous-dispersive shock for Navier-Stokes equations of Korteweg type
No full textWe consider the so-called Naiver-Stokes-Korteweg(NSK) equations for the dynamics of compressible barotropic viscous fluids with internal capillarity. We handle the time-asymptotic stability in 1D of the viscous-dispersive shock wave that is a traveling wave solution to NSK as a viscous-dispersive counterpart of a Riemann shock. More precisely, we prove that when the prescribed far-field states of NSK are connected by a single Hugoniot curve, then solutions of NSK tend to the viscous-dispersive shock wave as time goes to infinity. To obtain the convergence, we extend the theory of a-contraction with shifts, used for the NavierStokes equations, to the NSK system. The main difficulty in analysis for NSK is due to the third-order derivative terms of the specific volume in the momentum equation. To resolve the problem, we introduce an auxiliary variable that is equivalent to the derivative of the specific volume. (c) 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Diverse bat organoids provide pathophysiological models for zoonotic viruses
No full textBats are important reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, but suitable model systems for comprehensively exploring host-pathogen interactions and assessing spillover risks remain limited. To address this gap, we developed a collection of bat organoid models spanning five species and four organ types. This multispecies, multiorgan organoid panel showed species- and tissue-specific replication patterns for several viruses, offering robust pathophysiological models for studying respiratory, renal, and enteric zoonotic viruses. Using this platform, we successfully isolated and characterized bat-borne mammalian orthoreoviruses and paramyxoviruses, demonstrating the utility of these organoid panels for virome surveillance. Furthermore, we successfully tested known antiviral drugs for their efficacy against bat virus isolates.
Editing reality made easy
No full textThesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Pages unnumbered. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages [44]-[45]).The Reality Editor is a system based around the concept that physical objects may serve augmented reality web interfaces while communicating information about their state to the local environment. Its combination of an augmented reality web browser with an object messaging system leads to high usability and simplicity. In my contribution to the project, I reduce the difficulty of creating and controlling compelling augmented reality Internet of Things experiences using the Reality Editor. I simplify the creation process through three areas of work: creating reusable user interface components, designing an in-browser editor, and implementing a drag-and-drop in-app editor. My work on enhancing control takes two forms: developing an object memory system and integrating networked cameras. Finally, I improve the Reality Editor as a whole through a series of efforts targeting its documentation, performance, and reliability.by James Keat Hobin.M. Eng
Source-channel rate optimization for progressive image transmission over block fading relay channels [Transactions Papers
No full textInstagram and Adoption Rates: The Impact of Proactive Social Media on Adoption Rates at the Arizona Animal Welfare League & SPCA
No full textabstract: This thesis explores how we can harness new technology to improve our relationship with companion animals and promote shelter animal welfare. The study looked into using the photo-sharing application Instagram to increase adoption rates at the Arizona Animal Welfare League & SPCA. An Instagram page was created and managed for the shelter, and data was collected regarding the impact the page had on adoption rates. The results were mixed, but overall it was determined that the Instagram page has unique value for the shelter
Seismic attenuation structure of southern Peruvian subduction system
No full textSeismic attenuation provides key constraints on understanding the structure and dynamics of subduction-zone system. In this study, we provide the first three-dimensional P and S-wave attenuation models beneath the Nazca-South America subduction zone by inverting t* data from 397 local shallow and intermediate-depth earthquakes. The study area covers the southern part of the Peruvian flat-slab region (11°–15 °S) (where the subducting Nazca Ridge is migrating), and the Central Andean Plateau (∼13°–18 °S) (associated with the subducting Nazca Plate) and the Brazilian mantle lithosphere. We obtain five major features in our attenuation model with seismicity including (1) well-defined along-strike and along-dip Nazca slab structure in terms of low attenuation, (2) high attenuation associated with the passage of Nazca Ridge and present location of the oceanic ridges, (3) high attenuation in the backarc mantle wedge and continental crust, (4) clear image of Brazilian Shield in terms of low attenuation, underthrusting to the west, and (5) high attenuation related to the slab dehydration beneath the volcanic arc at 100 and 200 km depths. In particular, prominent low-Q zones in the continental crust and mantle wedge beneath the active volcanic arc reflect source zones of arc magmatism caused by fluids from the slab dehydration. The observed along-arc differences in slab Q estimates can be attributed to different hydration states between the flat and normal-dip slabs due to the subduction of the Nazca Ridge
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