27,131 research outputs found
Suberites chujaensis Kim & Sim 2021, n. sp.
No full text5. Suberites chujaensis n. sp. (Fig. 6) êöīfiƎḁḍ(ṳḋ) Type specimen. Holotype (NIBRIV0000879328), Korea: Chujado, Chuja-myeon, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, 9 Oct 2012, Kim HS, by SCUBA, depth 25 m, deposited in NIBR. Description. Thick, irregular elliptical mass sponge, size up to 13 × 6 × 2.5 cm. Surface with numerous protruding small bumps, not papillae. Oscules open on the surface, 1-2 mm in diameter. Color in life orange red. Texture firm and incompressible. Skeleton: Irregular arrangement of spicules mixed with dense collagen. Tylostyles, 500-700 μm and long tylostyles, partly curved or flexuous shape. Etymology. The species name, chujaensis, is named after the type locality of Chujado, Jeju-si, Jeju-do. Remarks. The plate-like shape of this new species is similar to Suberites hataedoensis Shim and Sim 2008, but differs in thickness of sponge body and roughness of surface. S. hataedoensis has numerous oscules at the surface and the body thickness is less than the new species.Published as part of Kim, Young A & Sim, Chung Ja, 2021, Ten new species of families Suberitidae and Polymastiidae (Demospongia: Heteroscleromorpha) from Korea, pp. 168-183 in Journal of Species Research 10 (2) on pages 172-173, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.2.168, http://zenodo.org/record/812001
Pseudosuberites youngilensis Kim & Sim 2021, n. sp.
No full text3. Pseudosuberites youngilensis n. sp. (Figs. 3, 4) šëffiīfiƎḁḍ (ṳḋ) Suberites ficus; Tanita S., 1965: 95-97. Kim, Rho and Sim, 1968: 40, pl. 2, fig. 9, text-fig. 10. Rho, Kim and Sim, 1969: 156, pl. 2, fig. 7. Type specimen. Holotype (NIBRIV0000879327), Korea: Yeongilman, Guman-ri, Homigot-myeon, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 25 July 1967, Rho BJ, by fishing net, deposited in NIBR. Description. Irregular elliptical mass sponge, size up to 9 × 4.5 × 3 cm. Upper surface with lobate projections and underside smooth with a large hole, 1.5 × 1 cm in diameter. Pagurus pectinatus, a crustacean (hermit crab), resides in the hole. Oscules rare, 0.7-1 mm in diameter. Color in life orange red. Texture firm and compressible. Skeleton: Small tylostyles and microrhabds arranged tangentially at the surface. Large tylostyles showed at subsurface (Fig. 3C). Mostly small and large tylostrongyles appeared at the underside of the sponge near the hole (Fig. 4B). Numerous microrhabds appear at inside wall of the sponge hole. Spicules. Tylostrongyles, 70- 110-350 × 5-15 μm and tylostyles, 110-340 × 8-10 μm. Microrhabds, 20-35 μm. Etymology. The species name, youngilensis, is named after the type locality of Youngilman, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Remarks. This new species is easily distinguished from Suberites ficus Johnston (1842) in shape and spicules. Suberites ficus has a pear shape, surface even, without hole containing hermit crab, and also spicules without microscleres. This new species is not sessile, but independent because no part is attached to the substrate. There is no trace of any kind of shell in and out of the sponge. Tanita (1965) observed that specimens occupied by hermit crabs are very rare, however, most of our specimens contained hermit crabs in the underside hole. Lobate projection of the upper part of sponge is variable, some few large lobes or many small lobes.Published as part of Kim, Young A & Sim, Chung Ja, 2021, Ten new species of families Suberitidae and Polymastiidae (Demospongia: Heteroscleromorpha) from Korea, pp. 168-183 in Journal of Species Research 10 (2) on page 169, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.2.168, http://zenodo.org/record/812001
Suberites rugosa Kim & Sim 2021, n. sp.
No full text6. Suberites rugosa n. sp. (Fig. 7) ēōīfiƎḁḍ(ṳḋ) Type specimen. Holotype (NIBRIV0000881727), Korea: Sasudo, Chuja-myeon, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, 2 Jun 2013, by SCUBA, depth 30-35 m, deposited in NIBR. Description. Round or cushion shape sponge, size up to 9 × 6 × 4 cm. Surface, not smooth due to thin wrinkles and bundle of spicules with spongin membrane. Oscules open on the top of the surface, 2-3 mm in diameter. Color in life grayish red. Texture firm. Skeleton: Large and small tylostyles are not easily differentiated. Spicules in choanosomal skeleton arranged irregularly. Sponge has heavy collagen and spicules are not easily separated. Large tylostyles, 650-800 × 5-10 μm and small tylostyles, 150-250-400 × 5 μm. Etymology. The species name, rugosa, is named after the shape of sponge with wrinkles on the surface. Remarks. This new species is similar to Suberites waedoensis Shim and Sim 2008 in sponge shape and spicules composition, but differs in surface, texture and color. This new species has grayish red color, and texture firm with extremely rough surface.Published as part of Kim, Young A & Sim, Chung Ja, 2021, Ten new species of families Suberitidae and Polymastiidae (Demospongia: Heteroscleromorpha) from Korea, pp. 168-183 in Journal of Species Research 10 (2) on page 175, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.2.168, http://zenodo.org/record/812001
Weberella haengwonensis Kim & Sim 2021, n. sp.
No full text10. Weberella haengwonensis n. sp. (Fig. 12) ǭùũŀƞḁḍ (ṳḋ) Type specimen. Holotype (NIBRIV0000879330), Korea: Haengwon-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, 16 May 2010, Kim BI, by SCUBA, depth 25 m, deposited in NIBR. Description. Flabellate shape with thick and short stalk. Size up to 5.5 × 3 × 1 cm. Surface smooth covered by short conical papillae which are semi-transparent in life and when preserved, papillae become highly contractile and invisible on the surface. Oscules opened at apical of each papilla. Texture firm and elastic. Color orange in life, beige in alcohol. Skeleton: Cortex, 0.5 mm thick, consists of a dense palisade of small tylostyles. Choanosome irregularly reticulated with medium size tylostyles. Large tylostyles cover part of the stalk. Heavy collagen mixed with spicules. Spicules. Large subtylostyles, 1,000 -1,100 × 10- 15 μm at the center of stalk, medium tylostyles, 400- 500 × 10 μm and small tylostyles, 115-150 × 3-4 μm. Etymology. The species name, haengwonensis, is named after the type locality of Haengwon, Jeju-si, Jeju-do. Remarks. This new species is similar to W. verrucosa in shape with thick stalk, but differs vastly in surface papillae and spicule size. This new species has more thin and sharp papillae, which are semitransparent and sometimes resemble hooks. Spicules are longer than those of W. verrucosa (Vacelet, 1960).Published as part of Kim, Young A & Sim, Chung Ja, 2021, Ten new species of families Suberitidae and Polymastiidae (Demospongia: Heteroscleromorpha) from Korea, pp. 168-183 in Journal of Species Research 10 (2) on pages 180-182, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.2.168, http://zenodo.org/record/812001
Suberites hwasunensis Kim & Sim 2021, n. sp.
No full text4. Suberites hwasunensis n. sp. (Fig. 5) ṜżīfiƎḁḍ(ṳḋ) Type specimen. Holotype (NIBRIV0000881726), Korea: Hwasun Harbor, Andunk-myeon, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, 23 April 2005, by SCUBA, depth 45 m, deposited in NIBR. Description. Thickly ramose or irregularly flabellate sponge, size up to 10 × 4 cm. Thick branches, 1.5 cm in diameter. Surface smooth and velvety with numerous thin and short spicules. Oscules not distinct. Color in life orange red, yellowish beige in spirit. Texture firm but are easily cut off. A B Skeleton: Ectosomal, brush like skeletal structure (Fig. 5C, D). Large tylostyles, 800-1000 × 20-30 μm and small tylostyles, 450 × 10 μm. Etymology. The species name, hwasunensis, is named after type locality of Hwasun Harbor, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do. Remarks. This new species is similar to Suberites vergultosa in skeletal structure but differs in sponge shape and texture. This new species has no tylostrongyles or microscleres.Published as part of Kim, Young A & Sim, Chung Ja, 2021, Ten new species of families Suberitidae and Polymastiidae (Demospongia: Heteroscleromorpha) from Korea, pp. 168-183 in Journal of Species Research 10 (2) on pages 171-172, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.2.168, http://zenodo.org/record/812001
Polymastia sasuensis Kim & Sim 2021, n. sp.
No full text8. Polymastia sasuensis n. sp. (Fig. 10) ṷ÷ųāḁḍ(ṳḋ) Type specimen. Holotype (NIBRIV0000881729), Korea: Sasudo, Chuja-myeon, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, 2 Jun 2013, by SCUBA, depth 30-35 m, deposited in NIBR. Description. Cushion shape sponge, size up to 7 × 6.5 × 4 cm. Surface with numerous protruding small papillae. Oscules open at apical of each conical papillae, 0.5 mm in diameter. Color is grayish green. Texture firm. Skeleton: Ectosome 1 mm thick and densely packed with spicules and collagen. Thin long tylostyles brushed out to the surface in combination with medium and small sized spicules. In choanosome, long spicules around 900 μm, mix with medium and small sized spicules. Large tylostyles, 700-1,100 × 8-15 μm, medium tylostyles, 500-600 × 10 μm and small tylostyles, 150- 350 × 3-7 μm. Etymology. The species name, sasuensis, is named after type locality Sasudo, Chuja-myeon, Jeju-do. Remarks. This new species is similar to P. viridis in sponge shape but differs in thickness of spicules. In P. viridis, large and small tylostyles are thicker than P. sasuensis.Published as part of Kim, Young A & Sim, Chung Ja, 2021, Ten new species of families Suberitidae and Polymastiidae (Demospongia: Heteroscleromorpha) from Korea, pp. 168-183 in Journal of Species Research 10 (2) on page 178, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.2.168, http://zenodo.org/record/812001
Polymastia viridis Kim & Sim 2021, n. sp.
No full text9. Polymastia viridis n. sp. (Fig. 11) ḏșųāḁḍ(ṳḋ) Type specimen. Holotype (NIBRIV0000881730), Korea: Sasudo, Chuja-myeon, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, 2 Jun 2013, by SCUBA, depth 30-35 m, deposited in NIBR. Description. Hemispherical cushion shape sponge, size up to 6.5 × 4.5 × 3 cm. Surface with numerous tubercula papillae. Ectosome, 2-3 mm thick. Oscules, 0.5-1 mm in diameter are barely visible at the end of papillae. Color in life greenish yellow. Texture hard. Skeleton: Ectosomal skeleton consists of small tylostyles on the sponge surface with mixture of large and small tylostyles pointing outward. Choanosomal skeleton densely packed with large tylostyles. Spicules. Large tylostyles, 700-950 × 10-15 μm, medium tylostyles, 350- 560 × 10-15 μm and small tylostyles, 170-245 × 5-7 μm. Etymology. This species name, viridis, is named after the sponge green color in life. Remarks. This new species is similar to P. sasuensis, but differs in surface papillaes. This species has large tube-like papillae, but P. sasuensis has numerous small papillae. This species is similar to P. offinis Thiele in size of spicules, but differs in papillae shape. Polymastia offinis has conical shape of papillae, but papillae of this species are large tubercular shape.Published as part of Kim, Young A & Sim, Chung Ja, 2021, Ten new species of families Suberitidae and Polymastiidae (Demospongia: Heteroscleromorpha) from Korea, pp. 168-183 in Journal of Species Research 10 (2) on page 178, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.2.168, http://zenodo.org/record/812001
Pseudosuberites anheungensis Kim & Sim 2021, n. sp.
No full text2. <i>Pseudosuberites anheungensis</i> n. sp. (Fig. 2) <p> üḀffiīfiƎḁḍ <b>(</b> ṳḋ <b>)</b></p> <p> <b>Type specimen.</b> Holotype (NIBRIV0000879329), Korea: Anheung Harbor, Geunheung-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Mar 1986, Sim, C. J., by fishing net, deposited in NIBR.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Long body sponge, spirit with several parts at the top of the sponge, size 17 × 4 × 2 cm. Surface smooth, ectoderm hard due to thick tangential arrangement of spicules. Oscules very rare, 1.2 mm in diameter. Color dirty grayish yellow. Texture very hard and compressible.</p> <p>Skeleton: Thick tylostrongyles, 200-340 × 8-10 μm, thin tylostrongyles, 260-350 × 2-5 μm, and tylostyles, 150-350 × 2-10 μm. Microrhabds, 20-45 μm.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species name, anheung, is named after the type locality of Anheung Harbor, Chungcheongnam-do.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This new species is similar to <i>Suberites virgultosa</i> in growth form, but differs in texture and spicules types. The new species has mostly tylostrongyles, as opposed to tylostylesin <i>S. virgultosa</i>. Texture of new species is very hard like stone because the surface skeleton is covered with a thick tangential arrangement of spicules and choanosome is slightly compressible. <i>S. virgultosais</i> softer than this new species.</p>Published as part of <i>Kim, Young A & Sim, Chung Ja, 2021, Ten new species of families Suberitidae and Polymastiidae (Demospongia: Heteroscleromorpha) from Korea, pp. 168-183 in Journal of Species Research 10 (2)</i> on page 169, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.2.168, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8120015">http://zenodo.org/record/8120015</a>
Polymastia fistula Kim & Sim 2021, n. sp.
No full text7. Polymastia fistula n. sp. (Figs. 8, 9) q÷ųāḁḍ(ṳḋ) Type specimen. Holotype (NIBRIV0000881728), Korea: Sasudo, Chuja-myeon, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, 2 Jun 2013, by SCUBA, depth 30-35 m, deposited in NIBR. Description. Thick encrusting sponge, size up to 7 × 6 × 0.5 cm. Surface with numerous protruding long and thin noodle-like fistulae, 1-4 cm long, 1.5-2 mm thick, number of fistulae in small sponge 40 and large sponge over 80. Surface between papillae rough due to pieces of shell and sand. Oscules not clear. Color in life yellow. Texture firm, almost incompressible. Skeleton: Surface of fistulae has small tylostyles and centrotylote microxeas and inside has thick large tylostyles (Fig. 8D). Large tylostyles, 1,100 -1,400 × 15-20 μm, medium tylostyles, 500-700 × 10 μm and small tylostyles, 150-170 × 3-7 μm. Ectoderm of sponge, 2 mm thick, usually radial arrangement of tylostyles (Fig. 8C). Centrotylote microxeas, 70-100 μm. Etymology. The species name, fistula, is named after sponge shape with numerous long fistulae at the surface. Remarks. This species has numerous long and thin fistulae at the surface numbering 40-80. The shape of fistulae is very similar to P. lorum. Polymastia lorum has a small number of long papillae (12) and their size of papillae is longer than the new species. In P. lorum, ectodermal layer is common in centrotylote microxeas while in the new species is common through fistulae.Published as part of Kim, Young A & Sim, Chung Ja, 2021, Ten new species of families Suberitidae and Polymastiidae (Demospongia: Heteroscleromorpha) from Korea, pp. 168-183 in Journal of Species Research 10 (2) on page 176, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.2.168, http://zenodo.org/record/812001
A multi-scale non-deterministic approach to composite curing process simulation
No full textThermosetting matrix composite materials are often subject to a curing process to enhance the mechanical properties of the final product.In recent years computational models of the curing process allowed for a remarkable time and cost compression with respect to trial and error procedures. Most of the proposed models, however, rely on deterministic hypothesis. In this paper a multi-scale non deterministic approach to cure process simulation has been proposed, evidencing the effect of stochastic perturbations of fibers distribution on simulative results on macro-scale
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