1,721,179 research outputs found
갑상선 질환의 진단
No full textThyroid abnormalities are commonly found in clinical practice, and their detection by either the physician or the patient always raises the concern of the disease. In addition, many new tests are available to aid the physician in the clinical assessment of thyroid diseases. Algorithms and guidelines for thyroid function testing generally are based on pathophysiologic principles and practice consensus; few have been derived from actual practice outcomes data. This article discusses the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of a spectrum of thyroid disease, ranging from those in whom the diagnosis is obvious after initial history and physical examination to those without typical symptoms or signs in whom the diagnosis is made solely by abnormal laboratory results. Over the past decade it has been generally accepted that the serum thyrotropin represents the best biochemical marker of thyroid function when measured using an adequately sensitive assay. Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as normal serum thyroid hormone and elevated serum thyrotropin concentrations. Subclinical thyrotoxicosis is defined as low serum thyrotropin and normal serum thyroid hormone concentrations. It must be distinguish from nonthyroidal illness and secondary hypothyroidism. The most common causes are excessive thyroid hormone therapy, autonomously functioning thyroid adenomas, multinodular goiter and Graves’ disease, but many patients have no evident thyroid disease. Thyroid nodules are commonly found in clinical practice, and their detection by either the physician or the patients always raises the concern of cancer. The application of fine-needle aspiration biopsy, the availability of high-resolution ultrasonography, the introduction of new highly sensitive thyrotropin therapy have modified thyroid nodule management
GaN nanorods doped by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy: Optical and electrical properties
No full textExciting opportunities in nanoscale technology could be made available thanks to this first report of doping GaN nanorods to create p- and n-type materials. Controlled doping of the nanorods is achieved by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy, and they are characterized optically and electrically. The Figure shows a scanning electron microscopy image of a nanorod field-effect transistor (scale bar is 10 mum).
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Metabolic engineering for production of native-sized recombinant spider silk protein in Gram-negative bacteria
No full textDevelopment of Isopropanol-butanol-ethanol mixture production platform in Clostridial strains using metabolic engineering
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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