14,552 research outputs found
High accuracy handwritten Chinese character recognition by improved feature matching method
No full textModel-based stroke extraction and matching for handwritten Chinese character recognition
No full textThis paper proposes a model-based structural matching method for handwritten Chinese character recognition (HCCR). This method is able to obtain reliable stroke correspondence and enable structural interpretation. In the model base, the reference character of each category is described in an attributed relational graph (ARG). The input character is described with feature points and line segments. The strokes and inter-stroke relations of input character are not determined until being matched with a reference character, The structural matching is accomplished in two stages: candidate stroke extraction and consistent matching. All candidate input strokes to match the reference strokes are extracted by line following and then the consistent matching is achieved by heuristic search. Some structural postprocessing operations are applied to improve the stroke correspondence. Recognition experiments were implemented on an image database collected in KAIST, and promising results have been achieved. (C) 2001 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Multiresolution locally expanded HONN for handwritten numeral recognition
No full textIn this paper, we propose a neural network architecture, multiresolution locally expanded high order neural network (MRLHONN) to solve the problem of handwritten numeral recognition. In this recognition scheme, the multiresolution representation of character image is input into a high order neural network (HONN), while in each resolution, only neighboring pixels are expanded to produce high order input. The property of this architecture is that, the local expansion alleviate the problem of large connecting weight set, and the multiresolution representation remedy the inadequacy of local expansion. Two forms of multiresolution representations, quadtree representation and Gaussian pyramid, were used in experiments. The recognition results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed architecture. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V
CL surface deformation approach for a 5-axis tool path generation
No full textIn this paper, the 5-axis tool path that has been generated on the cutter contact (CC) surface is generated on the cutter location (CL) surface, and the CL surface deformation approach that inversely deforms the 3-axis tool path generated on the deformed CL surface to a 5-axis tool path is introduced. The CL point computation and interference check based on the CL surface is faster and more robust than that based on the CC surface. The proposed CL surface deformation approach can be used if the orientation of the cutter is predefined. By the CL surface deformation approach, the 5-axis tool path generation time can be reduced to that of a 3-axis, since the complexity of a CL surface deformation is linear and because the 3-axis tool path generation and gouge removal algorithms are used at the deformed CL surface
[{eta(5)-Ar4C4COC(=O)Ar}Ru(CO)(2)Cl] in Racemization and DKR of Secondary Alcohols
No full textThe derivatives of [{eta(5)-Ph4C4COC(=O)Ph}Ru(CO)(2)Cl] were synthesized to investigate the substituent effect of the ruthenium complexes on the racemization and the chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of secondary alcohols, in which the phenyl rings are substituted with several different groups. Derivatives with electron-donating substituents showed better activities than those with electron-deficient ones, both in the racemization and in the DKR. The ruthenium complex, [{eta(5)-Ar4C4COC(=O)Ar}Ru(CO)(2)Cl] (Ar=4-methoxy-phenyl), showed an activity about 14 times higher than that of [{eta(5)-Ph4C4COC(=O) Ph}Ru(CO)(2)Cl] in the racemization of 1-phenylethanol.The derivatives of [{eta(5)-Ph4C4COC(=O)Ph}Ru(CO)(2)Cl] were synthesized to investigate the substituent effect of the ruthenium complexes on the racemization and the chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of secondary alcohols, in which the phenyl rings are substituted with several different groups. Derivatives with electron-donating substituents showed better activities than those with electron-deficient ones, both in the racemization and in the DKR. The ruthenium complex, [{eta(5)-Ar4C4COC(=O)Ar}Ru(CO)(2)Cl] (Ar=4-methoxy-phenyl), showed an activity about 14 times higher than that of [{eta(5)-Ph4C4COC(=O) Ph}Ru(CO)(2)Cl] in the racemization of 1-phenylethanol.X11
Collinear Reaction Dynamics and Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Vibrationally Excited Cl + HCl → ClH + Cl, Cl + DCl → ClD + Cl and Cl + TCl → ClT + Cl Reactions on Two Leps Surfaces
No full textQuantum dynamical calculations for the collinear Cl + HCl → ClH + Cl, Cl + DCl → ClD + Cl, and Cl + TCl → ClT + Cl reactions on low and high barrier potential energy surfaces are presented and discussed within the framework of the hyperspherical coordinate representation. Vibrational excitation of the reagent diatomic is found to decrease the reaction rate for the low barrier surface and increase the reaction rate for the high barrier surface. Quantum mechanical streamline calculations and tunneling fractions are used for analysis, and discussion of the results is made in terms of the topology of the potential surface, in which the skew angle and barrier height of the system play a leading role in explaining the dynamics of the reaction.</p
Metacrangon proxima Kim 2005
No full textMetacrangon proxima Kim, 2005 (Figs 37, 38, 42) Metacrangon proxima Kim, 2005: 242, figs 1–3; Komai 2011: 286; De Grave & Fransen 2011: 458 (list). Material examined. Non-type. Japan. RV Seiyo-maru, 1994 cruise, stn S9, Sagami Bay, 35°05.9’N, 132°32.0’E, 742–748 m, 14 May 1994, 14 males (cl 4.0– 5.2 mm), 17 females (cl 3.8–8.2 mm), 2 ovigerous females (cl 6.6, 8.3 mm), 3 juveniles (cl 3.1–3.8 mm), CBM-ZC 9537; stn S12, Tateyama Bay, Sagami Sea, 35°00.4’N, 139°48.0’E, 411 m, 14 September 1994, sledge, 2 males (cl 4.2, 4.4 mm), 1 juvenile (cl 3.0 mm), CBM-ZC 9538. RV Tanseimaru, KT 95-5 cruise, stn TB-14, SE of Cape Taito, Boso Peninsula, 35°09.1’N, 140°48.2’E, 311–325 m, 26 April 1995, beam trawl, coll. T. Komai, 2 males (cl 4.6, 5.0 mm), CBM-ZC 9539; KT98-14 cruise, stn 17-1, off Katsuyama Ukishima Islet, Uraga Strait, 35°07.177’N, 139°49.114’E, 281–298 m, 30 August 1998, dredge, coll. T. Komai, 1 ovigerous female (cl 8.4 mm), CBM-ZC 9540; KT04-6 cruise, stn KN-1(2), Shima Spur, Kumano Sea, 34°00.86’N, 136°54.32’E to 34°00.20’N, 136°55.50’E, 767–771 m, 1 May 2004, beam trawl, coll. H. Kohtsuka, 1 male (cl 5.2 mm), 1 ovigerous female (cl 7.0 mm), CBM-ZC 10674; stn KN-1(3), similar locality, 33°59.56’N, 136°55.12’E to 33°58.95’N, 136°55.86’E, 763–796 m, 1 May 2004, beam trawl, coll. H. Kohtsuka, 2 males (cl 4.7, 5.0 mm), 1 female (cl 6.7 mm), CBM-ZC 10675; stn KS-2(2), Kinsuno-se Bank, 34°18.05’N, 138°14.75’E, 344– 393 m, dredge, 30 April 2004, 1 female (cl 5.6 mm), CBM-ZC 10676. SE of Katsuyama Ukishima Islet, Uraga Strait, 200–250 m, 19 March 2007, gill net for scampi, coll. S. Tsuzuki, 1 female (cl 6.9 mm), CBM-ZC 9212. Type material. Holotype: Amadaiba, Sagami Bay, 280 m, 25 July 1953, female (cl 8.2 mm), NSMT-Cr R751. Not examined. Diagnosis. Rostrum (Figs 37A, B, F, 38D) triangular with blunt to acute tip in dorsal view, directed forward to somewhat ascending (angle about 30° against horizontal plane of carapace at most), extending as far as or slightly overreaching antennal teeth (less than 0.2 times as long as carapace); ventral carina row. Carapace (Fig. 37A, B) with anterior middorsal tooth slightly larger or subequal to posterior tooth, arising at 0.2 of carapace length (female) or 0.3 (male); posterior tooth arising at about 0.6 of carapace length; submedian teeth present; antennal tooth directed forward in dorsal view, ascending in similar degree to rostrum in lateral view, acute or subacute; branchiostegal tooth moderately strong, directed forward in dorsal view, ascending in similar degree to rostrum in lateral view; postorbital angle slightly produced; orbital cleft present. First abdominal somite rounded dorsally, second somite rounded or with trace of middorsal carina, third and fourth somites each with broad, less clearly delimited middorsal carina, fifth somites with broad, distinct middorsal carina (Fig. 37C, D). Sixth abdominal somite (Fig. 37D) with distinct submedian carinae. Telson (Fig. 37D) with anterior pair of dorsolateral spines located slightly posterior to midlength. Eye (Fig. 37F) 1.1–1.2 times longer than wide. Antennular peduncle slightly overreaching midlength of antennal scale; first segment with short blunt distolateral process; stylocerite terminating in acute or subacute tooth, not reaching distolateral process of first segment; second segment with short, blunt distolateral process. Antennal scale (Fig. 37F) about 0.5 times as long as carapace and 2.6–3.2 times longer than wide; lateral margin concave or sinuous; distolateral tooth reaching distal margin of roundly triangular lamella. Third maxilliped with ultimate segment 6.5–7.0 times longer than wide (Fig. 38A). First pereopod with palm 2.9–3.4 times longer than wide (female) (Fig. 38B) or 3.5 times (male). Description. See Kim (2005). Coloration. Not known. Size. Largest male cl 5.2 mm; largest female cl 8.3 mm, ovigerous females cl 6.6–8.3 mm. Distribution. Restricted to the Pacific coast of central Japan from off Cape Taito, Boso Peninsula to Kumano Sea (Fig. 42); at depths of 200– 771 m. Remarks. This species was originally described on the basis of three females and one male from the Sagami Bay, central Japan (Kim 2005). Kim (2005) stated that Metacrangon proxima was very similar to M. variabilis. He cited 12 characters of possible significance in differentiating M. proxima from M. variablis. The present material enables an assessment of the morphological variation in M. proxima, and it is clarified that the following characters are most significant to distinguish the two species: the middorsal and submedian teeth on the carapace are distinctly stronger in M. proxima than in M. variablis; the antennal scale is relatively narrower in M. proxima than in M. variablis (2.6–3.2 times as long as wide versus 2.2–2.4 times as long); and the palm of the first pereopod is relatively slender in M. proxima than in M. variablis (in females, 2.9–3.4 times as long as wide versus 2.6–2.9 times as long). Metacrangon asiaticus is also very similar to M. proxima. Nevertheless, M. proxima differs from M. asiaticus in having stronger middorsal and submedian teeth on the carapace (cf. Fig. 33B and Fig. 37B for females, Fig. 36A and Fig. 38A for males), the proportionally longer antennal scale (about 0.5 times as long as the carapace versus 0.4 times as long), the more slender ultimate segment of the third maxilliped (6.5–7.0 times longer than wide versus 4.0–4.5 times) and the more slender palm of the first pereopod (2.9–3.4 times as long as wide versus about 2.4 times as long).Published as part of Komai, Tomoyuki, 2012, 3468, pp. 1-77 in Zootaxa 3468 on pages 68-7
Improvement in the thermoelectric performance of highly reproducible n-type (Bi,Sb)(2)Se(3) alloys by Cl-doping
No full text(Bi,Sb)(2)Se(3) alloys are promising alternatives to commercial n-type Bi(2)(Te,Se)(3) ingots for low-mid temperature thermoelectric power generation due to their high thermoelectric conversion efficiency at elevated temperatures. Herein, we report the enhanced high-temperature thermoelectric performance of the polycrystalline Cl-doped Bi(2−x)Sb(x)Se(3) (x = 0.8, 1.0) bulks and their sustainable thermal stability. Significant role of Cl substitution, characterized to enhance the power factor and reduce the thermal conductivity synergetically, is clearly elucidated. Cl-doping at Se-site of both Bi(1.2)Sb(0.8)Se(3) and BiSbSe(3) results in a high power factor by carrier generation and Hall mobility improvement while maintaining converged electronic band valleys. Furthermore, point defect phonon scattering originated from mass fluctuations formed at Cl-substituted Se-sites reduces the lattice thermal conductivity. Most importantly, spark plasma sintered Cl-doped Bi(2−x)Sb(x)Se(3) bulks are thermally stable up to 700 K, and show a reproducible maximum thermoelectric figure of merit, zT, of 0.68 at 700 K
Chloride fluxes in lily pollen tubes: a critical reevaluation
No full textMicroelectrodes, made from a Cl?-selective liquid ion exchanger previously used to measure putative Cl- fluxes in Lilium longiflorum pollen tubes, were characterized. The electrodes were poorly selective, possessing only about 10-fold selectivity for Cl? over other anions tested. They had only 2.4-fold selectivity for Cl? over the anionic form of the H+ buffer, MES, indicating that the electrode can indirectly detect H+ gradients. Apparent anion influx was detected along the pollen tube shafts and at the grains while apparent anion efflux was detected near the tip of the tube. During oscillating growth, the peak of the oscillating apparent anion efflux at the tip occurred, on average, 7.9 sec after the peak of the growth oscillations. Consideration of the previously characterized H+ fluxes in lily pollen grains and tubes, as well as the poor anion selectivity of the Cl? electrodes, indicates that the putative Cl? fluxes are in fact changes in the anionic concentration of the buffer resulting from H+ gradients and not changes in Cl? concentration. The claim of a central role for Cl? in lily pollen tube growth is further undermined by the fact that these tubes grow at the same rate if the Cl? content of the growth medium is reduced to trace levels (?31 ?m), and that the grains have only small reserves of Cl?. These results lead to the conclusion that Cl? fluxes are not a significant component of pollen tube growth and Cl? itself is not required for growt
Alpheus aequus Kim & Abele 1988
No full text<i>Alpheus aequus</i> Kim & Abele, 1988 <p>Figs. 10, 11 f</p> <p> <i>Alpheus aequus</i> Kim & Abele, 1988: 55, fig. 23; Wicksten & Hendrickx, 1992: 4; Ramos, 1995: 145, fig. 9; Vargas & Cortés, 1999: 898; Wicksten & Hendrickx, 2003: 63.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. 1 female (CL 4.7, TL 14.3), MNHN-Na 16388, Panama, Coiba Marine National Park, Coibita, mud-rock intertidal, under rock, in burrow of <i>Ochetostoma edax</i> (host collected and preserved), extreme low tide, 20 Mar 2007, coll. A. Anker, I. Marin, J. Jara, E. Gómez and E. Tóth [fcn 07-109]; 1 ovig. female (CL 4.9, TL 14.3), MNHN-Na 16389, Panama, Coiba Marine National Park, Coibita, mud-rock intertidal near STRI station, under rock, in burrow of <i>Ochetostoma edax</i> (host collected and preserved), extreme low tide, 22 Mar 2007, coll. A. Anker [fcn 07-177].</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. For detailed description see Kim & Abele (1988).</p> <p> <b>Color</b>. Mostly ivory-whitish with pinkish tinge in some areas due to presence of scattered reddish chromatophores (Fig. 11 f); one female had yellow-orange eggs.</p> <p> <b>Size</b>. The CL of the two females is 4.7 mm and 4.9 mm, the TL for both is 14.3 mm. The single male originally reported by Kim & Abele (1988) had a CL of 4.3 mm, whereas the two females both had a CL of 6.8 mm. Ramos’ (1995) three specimens were smaller, with 2.9 mm CL in the single male and 4.3–4.4 mm in the two females. Based on these data, the CL of adult <i>A. aequus</i> ranges from 2.9 to 6.8 mm.</p> <p> <b>Type locality</b>. Playa Blancas, Costa Rica (Kim & Abele, 1988).</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica: Playa Blancas; Galapagos: Santa Fe (Kim & Abele, 1988); Panama: Coibita (Coiba Marine National Park) (present study); Colombia: Gorgona Island (Ramos, 1995).</p> <p> <b>Ecology</b>. The habitat of the holotype from Playa Blancas, Costa Rica, was described as “shore to 5.0 m; shale beach” and “shale beach between beach and rocky reef” (Kim & Abele, 1988). Other alpheids collected in this area were <i>Alpheus fasciatus</i> Lockington 1878 (reported as <i>A. paracrinitus</i> Miers, 1888) and <i>A. galapagensis</i> Sivertsen, 1933 (reported as <i>A. canalis</i> Kim & Abele, 1988). The two specimens from Santa Fe (Barrington) Island, Galapagos, were collected while “diving in bay, [at] about 5 m ”. Other alpheids occurring in this locality were <i>Alpheus bellimanus</i> Lockington, 1878 and <i>A. rostratus</i> Kim & Abele, 1988. Ramos’ (1995) specimens came from a tidal beach with coral sand (“playas de arena coralina”). No particular associations were noted by Kim & Abele (1988) or Ramos (1995). In contrast, the two Panamanian specimens of <i>A.</i></p> <p> <i>aequus</i> were found associated with medium-sized (body length 28 mm, diameter 11–12 mm, proboscis length 15 mm, proboscis diameter 3–5 mm) thalassematid echiurans, <i>Ochetostoma edax</i> (Fisher, 1926) (Fig. 12 e) in a mixed mud-rock intertidal of Coibita (Fig. 12 d). The burrows of <i>O. edax</i> are smoothly lined horizontal tunnels dug in muddy sand under partly mud-embedded rocks. The shrimps were observed sitting just next to their hosts. Notably, in both cases, only one shrimp per host was found, despite some efforts to find its potentially present mate by prospecting the immediate vicinity of the burrow.</p> <p> <b>Taxonomic remarks on host</b>. The finding of two specimens of <i>Ochetostoma edax</i> (identification by G.-V. Murina) at Coibita represents a considerable extension of the distribution range of this species from Baja California to Panama. The identity of <i>O</i>. cf. <i>edax</i> from the Atlantic (Caribbean) coast of Panama remains to be determined (see above).</p> <p> <b>Variation</b>. The two female specimens from Coibita agree well with the description and illustrations of <i>A. aequus</i> provided by Kim & Abele (1988), except for the length of the dactylus of the major chela, which reaches only slightly beyond the tip of the pollex in the Coibita specimens, and distinctly beyond the pollex in the holotype (cf. Kim & Abele 1988, fig. 23).</p> <p> <b>GenBank number</b>. EU084881 (fcn 07-109, MNHN 16388).</p>Published as part of <i>Anker, Arthur, Hurt, Carla & Knowlton, Nancy, 2007, Three transisthmian snapping shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae: Alpheus) associated with innkeeper worms (Echiura: Thalassematidae) in Panama, pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 1626</i> on pages 17-19, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/179290">10.5281/zenodo.179290</a>
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