1,720,960 research outputs found
Not only Adventurous but also Leisure: Re-defining Tourism in Tanzanian Mount Kilimanjaro National Park
Get PDFThe highest mountainous tourism destinations in the world receive few numbers of tourists both domestic and international. Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa is not exceptional. This is because mountains are famous as adventure destinations due to the associated risks during trekking the summit. Consequently, only risk-taker tourists trek mountains. The objective of this study is to profile attractions in Mount Kilimanjaro’s altitudinal gradients to attract adventurous, acrophobic (fear of heights), and leisure tourists using a mixed-method approach. The results revealed that each altitudinal gradient harbours unique attractions. At an altitude of 1800 -2800masl, leisure, and acrophobic tourists experience endemic forest flowers like ‘touch-me-not’ or impatiens‘and viola, and diverse wildlife species. Between 2800 and 4000 masl, floristic tourists enjoy giant groundsels, such as senecio and lobelia and the Shiraplateau. At 4000 -5000masl, where semi-adventurous hope to experience nothing, the study found attractive rocks with unique shapes like a cathedral, turtle, mushrooms, and captivating striped Zebra-like rocks. Finally, above 5000masl, the adventurer tourists experience dazzling stars at night, the snow in the tropics, and the summit. The study concludes that the diversification of attractions is likely to draw a variety of tourists, thus, boosting the overall number of tourists. Therefore, in order to increase revenue generated from tourism, tourism planners should market mountains as not only adventurous but also leisure destinations
Nature-Based Tourism in Tanzania Since its Onset: A Lesson For Conservation and Teaching Aid
Get PDFSince the 19th century, national parks as the main Tanzanian nature-based tourism destinations have passed through different waves of environmental and societal change. Nevertheless, studies that profile this development to inform policy decisions and society are inadequate. This paper discusses the developments of the Tanzanian nature-based tourism and its destinations since the 1600s. The paper shows that the majority of tourism destinations started as open areas where trophy or hunting tourism was not restricted; then upgraded to either game reserves (trophy hunting restricted by license) or forest reserve (for forest products), and finally to national parks. These changes were driven by fear for species extinction due to environmental-change impacts and unsustainable wildlife hunting. The emerging increase in environmental awareness among the government, park managers and tourists also played a major role. This paper concludes that although the Tanzanian nature-based tourism destinations had changed substantially in the past, the possibility to cope with the current environmental-change impacts is more challenging for tourism management. The paper, therefore, provides pertinent information that can assist to better manage the Tanzanian nature-based tourism sector and, in turn, to cope with the current impacts of changing environment.
Keywords: Conservation, national park, Tanzania, touris
Impacts of Political Instability on the Future of Tourism Growth: The Case of Tanzania
Get PDFAbstract
Tourism is one of the world's fastest growing economic sectors. Nonetheless, political instability is regarded as a challenge for its growth. The implications of political instability on tourism growth in Africa are significant but poorly
assessed; this is the case in Tanzania. This paper reviews and reflects on the effects of political instability on tourism growth in African Countries,
particularly in Tanzania. The paper shows that the number of tourist arrivals decreased by 50% soon after the war between Tanzania and Uganda in 1978/79, and by 25% soon after terrorist bombing the Tanzanian American Embassy in
1998. Likewise in Congo, tourist arrivals decreased by 80% in 2017 soon after the war of 2016. Because the tourism growth is partly measured by the number
of tourist arrivals, this review provides insights that may help African countries learn from and avoid unnecessary and unexpected factors that may trigger political instability. This paper argues that the growth of the tourism in Africa
is contingent to its political stability.
Keywords: Tanzania, Tourism, political instabilit
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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