1,720,957 research outputs found
Assessment of Utilisation and Monetary Value of Non-Timber Forest Products in Kilombero District, Tanzania
No full textAims: To assess the utilisation and monetary values of Non-Timber Forest Products in the Nyanganje Forest Reserve, Kilombero District, Tanzania.
Study Design: Questionnaire survey was carried out in three villages namely Signali, Sagamaganga and Lungongole surrounding Nyanganje Forest Reserve.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Kilombero District, Tanzania between June and December 2017.
Methodology: Data were collected from three sample villages based on the fact that they all lie in the Eastern Arc Mountains and share the border with the Nyanganje Forest Reserve. Data collected were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) where qualitative and quantitative variables were analysed. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis whereby quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistical analysis.
Results: It was revealed that NTFPs is highly utilised in a study area. Firewood was mentioned to be the most utilised by 94% of the respondents, followed by poles (91%), wild fruits (86%), wild mushrooms (84%), wild vegetables (81%), bushmeat (77%), honey (59%) and lastly the medicinal plants (53%). In this study, it was further observed that NTFPs were often a vital source of foreign exchange and revenues in a study area. This was evidenced by the total income accrued from NTFPs activities in the Nyanganje Forest Reserve to worth TZS 45,505,300 annually which is equivalent to USD 18,172.
Conclusions: The Nyanganje Forest Reserve has valuable NTFPs, and if the Government needs to take any decision for alternative use of the forest reserve, the value of these NTFPs to the local communities should be taken into consideration
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Acute oral toxicity study of Mystroxylon aethiopicum root bark aqueous extract in albino mice
No full textResearch Articles published by Journal of Medicinal Plants ResearchAcute oral toxicity of Mystroxylon aethiopicum root bark aqueous was evaluated in albino mice of either
sex. In this study, five groups of mice were orally treated with doses of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000
mg/kg body weight of crude extract. The mortality, signs of toxicity and body weights were observed
individually for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks study, all animals were sacrificed and the
hematological and biochemical parameters as well as organ weights relative to body weight of each
animal were determined. No mortality, signs of toxicity and abnormalities in vital organs were observed
in the entire period of study for both treated and control groups of mice. Additionally, there were no
significant changes (p>0.05) in the blood hematology and biochemical analysis. However, the body
weights of all mice increased significantly. The M. aethiopicum root bark aqueous extract were found to
have a high safe margin when administered orally. Hence, the extract can be utilized for pharmaceutical
formulations
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
In vitro antifungal and cytotoxicity activities of selected Tanzanian medicinal plants
Get PDFPurpose: To evaluate the antifungal and cytotoxic activities of four medicinal plants from Tanzania, namely, Mystroxylon aethiopicum, Lonchocarpus capassa, Albizia anthelmentica and Myrica salicifolia.Methods: The plant materials were subjected to extraction using dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and distilled water. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the extracts against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans was determined by microdilution method. The lowest concentration which showed no fungal growth was considered as MIC. The cytotoxic effect of the extracts was determined using brine shrimp toxicity assay.Results: Lonchocarpus capassa leaf extracts exhibited antifungal activity against test fungal strains with MIC range of 0.78 – 3.13 mg/mL with Lonchocarpus capassa aqueous leaf extract (LCAL) inhibiting C. albicans and C. neoformans at MIC value of 0.78 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity assay revealed that LCAL extract which displayed good antifungal activity, was cytotoxic against brine shrimp larvae with halfmaximal lethal concentration (LC,sub>50) value of 17.86 μg/mL. Interestingly, 33 % of plant extracts exhibited high cytotoxicity with LC50 values below that of the standard anticancer drug, cyclophosphamide (16.57 μg/mL).Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that LCAL needs to be further investigated for its phytochemical composition to unravel its antifungal secondary metabolites. Furthermore, some of the plant extracts are potential anticancer agents.Keywords: Antifungal, Cytotoxicity, Brine shrimp, Mystroxylon aethiopicum, Lonchocarpus capassa, Albizia anthelmentica, Myrica salicifoli
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Mystroxylon aethiopicum chloroform root bark extracts phytochemical analysis using gas chromatography mass spectrometry
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