100,421 research outputs found
Photodynamics and Ground State Librational States of ClF Molecule in solid Ar. Comparison of experiment and theory
No full textPhotodynamics calculations of a ClF molecule in solid Ar are compared to experimental results and a new interpretation is given for the observed femtosecond-pump-probe signal modulation. We analyze the round-trip and depolarization times for the excited state wave-packet motion and discuss the incorporation of lattice cage motions that partially explain the time dependence of the measured signal. Librational eigenstates and -energies are calculated by solving the rotational Schrödinger equation in the previously computed [T. Kiljunen, M. Bargheer, M. Gühr, and N. Schwentner, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6 (9), 2185-2197 (2004)] octahedral potentials that hinder free molecular rotation in the solids. The obtained level structure is compared to infrared-spectroscopic results. We comment on the correspondence between temperature effects in the classical dynamics of the nuclei and the quantum mechanical probability distributions. We find the combinative treatment of different simulation temperatures congruous for interpreting the experimental results at cryogenic conditions
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Lisämateriaali artikkeliin "Exposure to environmental radionuclides is associated with altered metabolic and immunity pathways in a wild rodent".
No full textElectronic material for Kesäniemi J, Jernfors T, Lavrinienko A, Kivisaari K, Kiljunen M, Mappes T & Watts PC. 2019. Exposure to environmental radionuclides is associated with altered metabolic and immunity pathways in a wild rodent. Molecular Ecology 28: 4620–4635. Contains transcriptome annotation data and output of differential expression and gene ontology enrichment analyses.
Parts of the dataset originally published in DRYAD (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.j3c6r69)
Patient doses in ct, dental cone beam ct and projection radiography in Finland, with emphasis on paediatric patients
No full textDiagnostic radiology represents the largest man-made contribution to population radiation doses in Europe. To be able to keep the diagnostic benefit versus radiation risk ratio as high as possible, it is important to understand the quantitative relationship between the patient radiation dose and the various factors which affect the dose, such as the scan parameters, scan mode, and patient size. Paediatric patients have a higher probability for late radiation effects, since longer life expectancy is combined with the higher radiation sensitivity of the developing organs. The experience with particular paediatric examinations may be very limited and paediatric acquisition protocols may not be optimised.
The purpose of this thesis was to enhance and compare different dosimetric protocols, to promote the establishment of the paediatric diagnostic reference levels (DRLs), and to provide new data on patient doses for optimisation purposes in computed tomography (with new applications for dental imaging) and in paediatric radiography.
Large variations in radiation exposure in paediatric skull, sinus, chest, pelvic and abdominal radiography examinations were discovered in patient dose surveys. There were variations between different hospitals and examination rooms, between different sized patients, and between imaging techniques; emphasising the need for harmonisation of the examination protocols.
For computed tomography, a correction coefficient, which takes individual patient size into account in patient dosimetry, was created. The presented patient size correction method can be used for both adult and paediatric purposes. Dental cone beam CT scanners provided adequate image quality for dentomaxillofacial examinations while delivering considerably smaller effective doses to patient compared to the multi slice CT. However, large dose differences between cone beam CT scanners were not explained by differences in image quality, which indicated the lack of optimisation.
For paediatric radiography, a graphical method was created for setting the diagnostic reference levels in chest examinations, and the DRLs were given as a function of patient projection thickness. Paediatric DRLs were also given for sinus radiography. The detailed information about the patient data, exposure parameters and procedures provided tools for reducing the patient doses in paediatric radiography. The mean tissue doses presented for paediatric radiography enabled future risk assessments to be done. The calculated effective doses can be used for comparing different diagnostic procedures, as well as for comparing the use of similar technologies and procedures in different hospitals and countries.Diagnostisen röntgensäteilyn osuus ihmisen aiheuttamasta väestön keskimääräisestä säteilyannoksesta on kaikkein suurin. Jotta diagnostisen hyödyn ja säteilyhaitan välinen suhde voidaan pitää mahdollisimman suurena, on tärkeää ymmärtää kvantitatiivisesti potilaan säteilyannoksen ja siihen vaikuttavien tekijöiden, kuten kuvausarvojen, kuvausmenetelmien ja potilaiden kokojen välinen suhde. Lapsipotilailla on aikuisia suurempi riski säteilyn myöhäisiin haittavaikutuksiin, mikä on seurausta pitkästä odotettavissa olevasta eliniästä sekä kehittyvien elinten korkeasta säteilyherkkyydestä. Henkilökunnan kokemus tietyissä lasten tutkimuksissa voi olla rajallinen eikä lasten kuvausmenetelmiä välttämättä ole optimoitu.
Työn tarkoituksena oli kehittää ja vertailla eri annosmittausmenetelmiä tietokonetomografiatutkimuksissa (TT) ja lasten natiiviröntgentutkimuksissa, edistää lasten vertailutasojen käyttöönottoa sekä tuottaa uutta potilasannostietoa röntgentutkimusten optimointia varten.
Potilasannoskartoituksissa todettiin suuria vaihteluita kuvaustekniikoissa eri sairaaloiden, tutkimushuoneiden ja eri kokoisten potilaiden välillä. Tutkimustekniikoiden vaihtelusta aiheutuneet erot potilasannoksissa osoittivat tarvetta kuvausmenetelmien optimoinnille sekä kansallisella, että kansainvälisellä tasolla.
Tietokonetomografiatutkimuksia varten kehitettiin korjauskerroin, joka ottaa potilaan koon huomioon aikuisten ja lasten potilasannoksia määritettäessä. Tietokonetomografiatutkimuksissa lapset, naiset ja pienikokoiset potilaat absorboivat säteilyä suhteellisesti isokokoisia potilaita voimakkaammin. Hampaiston kuvantamisessa käytettävien rajoitetun kartiokeilan TT-laitteiden kuvanlaatu todettiin riittäväksi potilasannosten ollessa oleellisesti pienempiä kuin monileike-TT-laitteilla. Eri kartiokeila-TT-laitteiden potilasannoksissa oli kuitenkin suuria eroja kuvanlaadusta riippumatta, mikä osoitti tarvetta kuvaustekniikoiden jatkokehitykselle.
Lasten keuhkokuvauksia varten annettiin graafiset vertailutasot, joiden avulla sairaalat voivat suoraan verrata eri kokoisten potilaiden säteilyannoksia vertailutasoon. Vertailutasot annettiin myös lasten nenän sivuontelokuvauksia varten. Yksityiskohtaiset tiedot kerätystä aineistosta, kuvausarvoista ja -menetelmistä antoivat työkalut potilasannosten vähentämiseksi lasten natiiviröntgentutkimuksissa. Kudoksiin absorboituvien annosten määrittäminen mahdollistaa jatkossa potilaskohtaiset riskiarvioinnit. Määritettyjä efektiivisiä annoksia voidaan käyttää diagnostisten menetelmien ja kuvaustekniikoiden vertailuun eri sairaaloiden ja valtioiden välillä.ei saavutettav
Dolerus timidus Liston & Mutanen & Heidemaa & Blank & Kiljunen & Taeger & Viitasaari & Vikberg & Wutke & Prous 2022, sp. rev.
No full textDolerus timidus (Klug, 1818) sp. rev. Figs 13C, D, 14A, 14D, 14E Tenthredo (Dolerus) timida Klug, 1818: 300. ♀, ♂. Syntypes. Published type locality: “Deutschland” [Germany]. Lectotype designated below. Tenthredo (Dolerus) dubia Klug, 1818: 299-300. ♀, ♂. Syntypes. Type locality: Germany. Lectotype designated below. Primary homonym of Tenthredo dubia Ström, 1768 [= Tenthredo (Tenthredella) livida Linnaeus, 1758]. Dolerus dubius var. atratus Enslin, 1913: 159. ♂. Syntypes (assumed). Type locality: Switzerland. Lectotype designated below. Type material examined and taxonomic notes. Tenthredo (Dolerus) timida Klug, 1818. Lectotype ♂ hereby designated, labelled: “14199” [printed catalog no.], "Var. T. timida Kl. [Klug’s handwriting]", "GBIF-GISHym 2317", "Zool. Mus. Berlin" [printed], " Lectotypus [printed] ♂ Tenthredo (Dolerus) timida Klug, 1818 [handwritten in block letters] M.Heidemaa design. [printed]" [red], " Dolerus timidus (Klug, 1818) M.Heidemaa det." [printed]. Good condition, penis valve dissected, pinned with the specimen (Fig. 14A). Paralectotypes: 4♂ 5♀ (GBIF-GISHym: 2312, 2318, 2320-2326). All in ZMHB. Tenthredo (Dolerus) dubia Klug, 1818. Lectotype ♂ hereby designated, labelled: “14198” [catalog no.], " Dolerus pratensis (L.) ♂ [handwritten] det. F. Koch [printed]", "GBIF-GISHym 2315" [printed], "Zool. Mus. Berlin" [printed], " Lectotypus [printed] ♂ Tenthredo (Dolerus) dubia Klug, 1818 [handwritten in block letters] M.Heidemaa design. [printed]" [red], " Dolerus timidus (Klug, 1818) M.Heidemaa det." [printed], Condition satisfactory, genitalia dissected, penis valves on a slide pinned with the specimen (they fit D. timidus). Paralectotypes: 1♂, 1♀ ("GBIF-GISHym 2313", “… 2314"). All in ZMHB. Dolerus dubius var. atratus Enslin, 1913. Lectotype ♂ hereby designated, labelled: “Helvet.[ia]”, “Type” [pink, printed], " Dolerus ♂ Dolerus dubius Dolerus dubius var atratus [handwritten] Dr. Enslin det. [printed]", "Sammlung Dr. Enslin" [printed], "GBIF-GISHym 3102", "LECTOTYPE ♂ Dolerus dubius var. atratus Enslin, 1913 designated M. Heidemaa 2022" [red, printed]. Some damage: left flagellum missing, abdomen glued to a card together with the dissected penis valves and pinned with the specimen. ZSM. This melanic color form was identified as D. timidus based on its penis valve structure and the sculpture of the metepimeron.Published as part of Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko, Heidemaa, Mikk, Blank, Stephan M., Kiljunen, Niina, Taeger, Andreas, Viitasaari, Matti, Vikberg, Veli, Wutke, Saskia & Prous, Marko, 2022, Taxonomy and nomenclature of some Fennoscandian Sawflies, with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera, Symphyta), pp. 151-218 in Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2) on page 151, DOI: 10.3897/dez.69.8408
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
No full textIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
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