1,720,955 research outputs found
Black economic empowerment and changes in ownership and control in South Africa’s mining industry
Get PDFThis study investigates how white and foreign-owned mining companies have complied with the
Mining and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA) and Mining Charter, the core of the
Broad- Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) policy in South Africa‟s mining industry.
The Mining Charter demands that white and foreign-owned companies transfer 15 per cent equity to
blacks by 2009, increasing to 26 per cent by 2014. It also demands 40 per cent black control and
management of mining companies regardless of the shareholding that blacks own. The study used a
sample of 72 mining companies to explore broad aspects; these include changes in equity ownership
(company shareholding and mining assets) and in particular mining deals concluded by white and
foreign-owned companies with blacks between 1990 and 2012. It also explored black representation
on the board and management of mining companies and conducted interviews with 35 executives
from 27 mining companies.
The study findings are that equity targets are low and reached only 7.4 per cent (R1.8trillion-
£163billion) of the total market capitalisation of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) as per 12
July 2011. However there is an emergence of large black owned-owned companies (those with 50 + 1
share) such as African Rainbow Nation, Exxaro, Shanduka Resources and Royal Bafokeng,
empowered enterprises (25 +1 share) and a broad category of beneficiaries including consortiums,
community shareholders and Employee Share Ownership groups which some hold small amount of
shares (between 1-5 per cent). Most deals however were concluded by the Anglo American and BHP
Billiton. Out of the 468 board members and 226 managers identified, black representation on the
board and top management of white and foreign-owned companies was 25.9 and 18.5 respectively. In
companies where blacks have majority shareholding board membership was 53.7 per cent and top
management at 35.7per cent.
The study has highlighted impediments faced by blacks in the mining industry. They lack capital,
some are in debts and others liquidated, use poor technology and face difficulties in accessing land
and export markets. The first main argument of the study is that the impediments and lack of
government support limits their success and survival in the industry. The second is that ownership
structure determines control in the mining industry. The reasons are historical, as the industry‟s
corporate structure was and is still concentrated, has cross shareholding, significant control of assets
by financial institutions and families and low voting shares are conditions are used in empowerment
mining deals. This is challenging to the attainment of the 40 per cent target of control and
management demanded by the Charter.
The conclusion from this study is that the entire B-BBEE implementation process in the mining
industry is controlled by the white and foreign-owned companies. They have a free hand in the choice
of black-owned companies; which assets to have full ownership and which to offer shares or sell to
blacks; the type of shares they offer; the conditions to attach to the transactions; and the manner that
they deal with their community partners. This situation arose mainly because blacks lack their own
funds and face a host of impediments. Unless the government establishes institutions to guide and
monitor implementation of its B-BBEE policy and puts in place support mechanisms for black
entrepreneurs, black equity ownership and attainment of management and control of mining assets
will remain limited
Tanzania’s Magufuli: Implementing the Promise to the Nation
No full textThis book compares the progress ten select countries, all former colonies of Britain, have made towards the practice of democracy. The authors assess a range of indicators including the quality of elections, the impact of voter turnout, the importance of term limits, civil society’s various responsibilities, the presence of media freedoms, the impact of youth participation, accountability and the rising role of social media. These findings help illustrate the various periods within each country’s democracy from the immediate post-colonial experience, to the emergence of one-party states, to the surge of multi-party elections that are being influenced by key political figures and technology.
This book will be of great interest to a broad readership including students of politics, international relations and history at tertiary educational institutions as well as the wider readership that is keen to understand what has shaped the post-colonial political experience of some key Anglophone African countries
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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