49,479 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the thumb- An overview of the injury and treatment
No full text‘It makes life so much easier’—experiences of users of the MicroGuide™ smartphone app for improving antibiotic prescribing behaviour in UK hospitals: an interview study
No full textObjectives: To understand the impact on prescribing behaviour of an antimicrobial therapy guidelines smartphone app, in widespread use in hospitals in the UK.Methods: Twenty-eight doctors and five nurse prescribers from four purposively selected hospitals in the UK participated in behavioural theory-informed semi-structured interviews about their experiences of using the MicroGuide™ smartphone app. Data were analysed using a thematic content analysis.Results: Five themes emerged from the interview data: convenience and accessibility; validation of prescribing decisions; trust in app content; promotion of antimicrobial stewardship; and limitations and concerns. Participants appreciated the perceived convenience, accessibility and timesaving attributes of the app, potentially contributing to more prompt treatment of patients with time-critical illness. The interviewees also reported finding it reassuring to use the app to support decision-making and to validate existing knowledge. They trusted the app content authored by local experts and considered it to be evidence-based and up-to-date. This was believed to result in fewer telephone calls to the microbiology department for advice. Participants recognized the value of the app for supporting the goals of antimicrobial stewardship by promoting the responsible and proportionate use of antimicrobials. Finally, a number of limitations of the app were reported, including the risk of de-skilling trainees, cultural problems with using smartphones in clinical environments and software technical problems.Conclusions: The MicroGuide app was valued as a means of addressing an unmet need for updated, concise, trustworthy specialist information in an accessible format at the bedside to support safe and effective antimicrobial prescribing.</p
Letter from George H. Hand to Mr. K Kodama, June 13, 1924
No full textLetter [from George H. Hand] confirming receipt of letter with statements of damages to farm crops by oil company drilling. See letter: Letter to from Kenichi Kodama to George H. Hand of the Dominguez Estate Company. June 26, 192
Measuring Appropriate Antibiotic Prescribing in Acute Hospitals: Development of a National Audit Tool Through a Delphi Consensus
No full textThis study developed a patient-level audit tool to assess the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in acute National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in the UK. A modified Delphi process was used to evaluate variables identified from published literature that could be used to support an assessment of appropriateness of antibiotic use. At a national workshop, 22 infection experts reached a consensus to define appropriate prescribing and agree upon an initial draft audit tool. Following this, a national multidisciplinary panel of 19 infection experts, of whom only one was part of the workshop, was convened to evaluate and validate variables using questionnaires to confirm the relevance of each variable in assessing appropriate prescribing. The initial evidence synthesis of published literature identified 25 variables that could be used to support an assessment of appropriateness of antibiotic use. All the panel members reviewed the variables for the first round of the Delphi; the panel accepted 23 out of 25 variables. Following review by the project team, one of the two rejected variables was rephrased, and the second neutral variable was re-scored. The panel accepted both these variables in round two with a 68% response rate. Accepted variables were used to develop an audit tool to determine the extent of appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing at the individual patient level in acute NHS hospitals through infection expert consensus based on the results of a Delphi process
Letter from George H. Hand to Marland Oil Company Claim Department, June 13, 1924
No full textLetter from George H. Hand forwarding an attached statement of damage by Mr. K. Kodama to the Marland Oil Company
Letter from George H. Hand to United Oil Company Claim Department, June 13, 1924
No full textLetter from George H. Hand forwarding an attached statement of damage by Mr. K. Kodama to the United Oil Company
Letter from George H. Hand to the Associated Oil Company, September 11, 1924.
No full textRegarding enclosed sketch of land leased to Mr. Kodama per earlier request. See letter: Letter from Associated Oil Company to George H. Hand, September 8, 192
The classification of incomplete vectors
No full textThe thesis begins with a brief introduction to Pattern Recognition followed by a broad survey of the missing data problem in other fields. Possible ways to approach the problem of classifying incomplete vectors are considered. The author argues that substituting estimates for missing components usually leads to a sub-optimal classification, that decision surface methods can be applied in some cases, and that probability density function estimation can provide a general solution.A decision surface method is developed which defines the decision surfaces by point sets selected from. the training set. These point sets are selected by an edited condensed nearest neighbour rule devised by the author; the need to store points more than once is avoided by labelling the points.Two types of pdf estimation methods are defined: local and global. The local method leads to classifications obtained directly from the training set, while the global method v yields decisions via substitution in parametric estimators. The author investigates local nonparametric estimators in detail, explaining their advantages and disadvantages fdr the current application. It is argued that series estimators cannot be usefully applied to the general problem.A general model.suitable for the global method is presented, and different specialisations of it are shown. By deliberately restricting the number of comparisons between these specialisation a greater statistical validity is given to the conclusions. The constrained non-linear optimisation methods used in estimating the parameters of the models are explained, as well as initialisation methods and choice of objective functions. Further particular models suitable for the global methods are also shown.</p
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