18 research outputs found
Morphological and Molecular characterisation of Campylocarpon fasciculare and Fusarium spp., the Cause of Black Disease of Grapevine in Iran
No full textIn 2014, disease symptoms of yellowing, foot rot and drying of leaves were observed in
vineyards in Hormozgan province, Iran. The goal of the present study was to characterise
fungal isolates associated with black foot of grapevines (Vitis spp.) using multi-gene DNA
analysis (partial translation elongation factor-1 [tef1], internal transcribed spacers [ITS
rDNA] and ?-tubulin) and pathogenic characteristics of the isolates from the grapevines.
Twenty-five isolates were obtained from diseased plants and identified as Campylocarpon
fasciculare (14), Fusarium solani (7) and F. decemcellulare (4) through morphological
characteristics. The three DNA regions analysed supported the morphological concept. All
fungal isolates were evaluated for their pathogenicity on one-year-old rooted grapevine
cultivar Askari in the planthouse. Typical root rot symptoms were observed within 90 days
after inoculation. Campylocarpon fasciculare and an unnamed phylogenetic species of
FSSC 20 were reported for the first time for Iranian mycoflora, indicating that grapevine
vineyards have become the new host plants for F. decemcellulare
Molecular identification of pathogenic Fusarium species, the causal agents of tomato wilt in western Iran
No full textFusarium species are causal agents of fungal diseases occurring frequently in numerous agriculturally important plants, including potato, garlic and are one of the common pathogens of tomato, causing root rot in the west part of Iran. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to isolate and identify disease-causing Fusarium species from infected tomatoes based on the morphological and molecular characteristics. Twenty-five isolates of Fusarium were obtained from infected root of tomato plants collected from the fields in different regions of western Iran. Based on morphological features, the strains were classified into four following Fusarium species: F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. The phylogenetic trees based on tef1 and tub2 dataset clearly distinguished closely related species. All of the isolates were evaluated for their pathogenicity on healthy tomato seedlings in the greenhouse. This is the first report on molecular identification of Fusarium species isolated from tomato plants cultivated in Iran
Genetic Diversity of Pathogenic Fusarium semitectum Isolates from Potato Tubers, Using PCR-IGS-RFLP Markers
No full textDetection of nivalenol and deoxynivalenol chemotypes produced by Fusarium graminearum species complex isolated from barley in Iran using specific PCR assays
No full textIn order to identify trichothecenes chemotypes produced by Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) isolated from barley, 68 barley samples were collected from markets in Kermanshah and Hamedan provinces, Iran. Thirty-one Fusarium isolates were obtained from grains and morphologically classified into three species FGSC (14), F. equiseti (9), and F. proliferatum (8). The identification of the members of FGSC was confirmed molecularly using Fg16F/Fg16R primers. Fusarium asiaticum isolates (4) were distinguished from other FGSC using Fg6CTPSf177/Fg16R primers. Polymerase chain reaction-based (PCRbased) detection of mycotoxin-synthesis-pathway gene was also used to determine the potential of the analysed strains to produce deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), and nivalenol (NIV). Of 14 tested isolates, 10 and 4 isolates belonged to DON and NIV chemotype, respectively. Also, the results of DON chemotype survey using specific primers MinusTri7F/R and Tri315F/R showed 1 and 9 isolates produced 3-AcDON and 15-AcDON, respectively. These results show that DON was the most common chemotype in western Iran. To our knowledge, this is the first report on 15-AcDON, 3-AcDON, and NIV isolated from barley in Iran
Detection of fumonisin chemotype produced by Fusarium proliferatum isolated from nuts in Iraq using specific PCR assays
No full textIntroduction: The present study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of toxicogenic Fusarium proliferatumstrains isolated from nuts in Iraq. Materials and methods: A total of 108 nut samples collected from different markets in Iraq. Strains of Fusarium spp. isolated from nuts seeds and their morphological characterization of the strains were examined based on their growth on carnation leaf agar (CLA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). The identification of F. proliferatum isolates were confirmed molecularly using species specific primers of PRO1/PRO2 primers. PCR-based detection of fumonisin-synthesis-pathway gene was also used to determine the potential of F. proliferatum isolates to produce fumonisin using FUM1 gene-based (FUM1 F/FUM1 R) primers. Results: Based on morphological features 28 fungal isolates were obtained from nuts and identified into four species F. proliferatum (12), Aspergillus niger (8), Aspergillus flavus (5), and Penicillium sp. (3). The primers PRO1/PRO2 produced DNA fragments 585 bp in all F. proliferatum strains. PCR assays also showed DNA fragments (183 bp) were amplified in nearly 42% of F. proliferatum strains. Discussion and conclusion: Of 12 tested isolates, 5 isolates (~42%) being fumonisin chemotype. To our knowledge, this is the first report on molecular identification and mycotoxigenic capacity of Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) isolated from nuts in Iraq
Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticle and L-carnitine Advantages on Mixed Vaginitis Caused by Candida albicans/ Escherichia Coli in Mice Models: An Experimental Study: Effects of Silver Nanoparticle and L-carnitine on Mixed Vaginitis
No full textMix vaginitis refers to at least two potential pathogenic microbes in the vagina. Recently, the popularity of nanoparticles is increasing; these materials have been widely used as an antimicrobial agent in the treatment of chronic infections in which silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are more widely considered. We aimed to establish a mixed vaginitis model in adult mice with Candida albicans and Escherichia coli, then evaluated the effect of AgNPs and L. carnitine (LC) to treat the vaginitis. In our study, the microdilution method and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration were used for the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs. Vaginitis was made by intra-vaginal inoculation of 107 CFU/ml of both E. coli/C. albicans in adult NMRI mice. Mice were classified into 8 groups: (1) healthy mice without any treatment, (2) mice were infected intravaginally with equal volumes of C. albicans and E. coli suspensions, (3) healthy mice that received daily intraperitoneal injection of 250 mg/kg LC for two weeks, (4) infected mice that treated with a daily injection of 250 mg/kg LC for two weeks, (5) healthy mice that received daily intravaginal inoculation of 250 ppm of AgNPs for two weeks, (6) infected mice treated with daily intravaginal inoculation of 250 ppm AgNPs for two weeks, (7) healthy mice that received daily intravaginal inoculation of 250 ppm AgNPs and a daily injection of 250 mg/kg LC for two weeks, and (8) mice treated with daily intravaginal inoculation of 250 ppm AgNPs and a daily injection of 250 mg/kg LC for two weeks. All treatments with AgNPs and LC were daily for two weeks. A vaginal smear was taken throughout the experiment, and tissue sections were prepared using the hematoxylin-eosin method. The results showed that the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC-50) of AgNPs for E. coli, C. albicans, and their mixture was 96.84, 11.23, and 35.67 ppm, respectively, and their IC- 90 values were 201.77, 105.51, and 173.13 ppm, respectively. MBIC-90 % of AgNPs for E. coli, C. albicans, and the mixture of them were 500, 125, and 250 ppm, respectively. The estrus cycle in treated mice was similar to intact mice, and the order of their vaginal tissue sections confirmed the treatment of mixed vaginitis. In conclusion, co-administration of AgNPs and LC may eliminate the adverse effect of AgNPs and mixed vaginitis
Identification of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins contamination in inflorescences of wild grasses in Iran
No full textTherapeutic Effects of Co-administration of Silver Nanoparticles and Vitamin C on Vaginal Infection Caused by Group B Streptococcus
Get PDFBackground: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a bacterium commonly isolated from the vagina. Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are potential antibacterial agents, and studies have shown their toxic effects. Vitamin C (VC) is an essential vitamin with a protective role against toxicological conditions. We aimed to the evaluation therapeutic effects of the co-administration of SNPs and VC on vaginal infection caused by GBS in mice models. Methods: Vaginitis model was established by intravaginal inoculation of GBS. The Co-administration of SNPs and VC was used to treat the infections. The antibacterial activity of SNPs was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration. The toxicity of nanoparticles was measured by MTT assay. The microbial load and estrous cycle of mice during treatment were evaluated. Finally, blood samples and vaginal tissue sections were isolated and analyzed. Results: The results showed that SNPs have excellent effects on GBS, and the MIC was 512 ppm. Cell viability after exposure at 512 ppm of SNPs was 32.11% but after treatment with VC increased viability at 512 ppm of nanoparticles to 65.32%. In mice that received SNPs and VC at the same time, the bacteria were completely removed from the vagina, and estrus cycle returned to normal cycle. Analysis of the prepared blood samples and microscopic examination of the vaginal sections confirmed the results. Conclusion: SNPs have a potential antibacterial effect on GBS. But nanoparticles have toxic effects on mammalian cells. The simultaneous use of VC, as a powerful antioxidant, can completely eliminate this toxic effect of nanoparticles
