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الثوابت والمتغيرات في قضية الولاء والبراء عند صلاح الصاوي
Full text linkThe problem of ‘aqîdah of Muslims nowadays can be seen from two sides,
internally and externally. Internally, the emergence of takfîri ideas which resulted in the
weakness of brotherhood. While externally, the impact of the hegemony of Western
civilization which brings people to atheistic-relativistic beliefs. The presence of the
concept of al-tsawâbit wa al-mutaghayyirât in ‘aqîdah is expected to be the solution to
today’s problems. In academia, it is still rare to fnd research that focuses on this issue.
If any, the approach is more to relativistic-pluralistic which obscures the meaning
of the absolute truth of religion. In this study, the author refers to a contemporary
Muslim fgure, Shalah Shawi, who had the idea of dividing the problem of ‘aqîdah into two concepts. Specifcally, this study focuses on the problem of al-walâ’ wa al-barâ’
(loyalty). The author presents using the descriptive-analysis method, which describes
and analyzes the ideas in the books of Salah al-Shawi. As a result, the author concludes
several points: 1) Tsawâbit in the study of Shalah al-Shawi is divided into two: frst,
al-tsawâbit al-muṭlaqah, which is any case based on the arguments of qaṭ’i al-tsubut wa aldilâlah and ijmâ’ ṣarîh. Second, al-tsawâbit al-nisbiyah as several options that are considered
râjih which it is hoped that Islamic movements can come to an agreement. 2) According
to Shalah Shawi, al-mutaghayyirât in any case that is not confrmed by defnite arguments
in the form of authentic argumentative texts or ijmâ’. 3) In the problem of al-walâ’ wa
al-barâ’, Islamic scholars agree that giving religious loyalty to unbelievers is a form of
kufr eventhough they are at odds on loyalty which is not based on religion.
Keywords: Constants, Variables, Loyalty, Disavowal, Shalah Shawi
Teori Islamisasi Kesejahteraan Perspektif Program Riset Sains Islam Lakatosian
Full text linkArtikel ini bertujuan menguji proses Islamisasi pada teori kesejahteraan yang
diketengahkan oleh M. Hibatal Azizy dalam bukunya “Mendudukkan Kembali Makna
Kesejateraan dalam Islam (2014)”. Pengujian yang dimaksud dilakukan melalui perspektif
program riset sains Islam Lakatosian; yang lahir dari teori Methodology of Scientific Research
Programes Imre Lakatos (w.1974). Program ini terdiri dari 4 langkah analisis yakni (1)
menemukan masalah pada teori awal, (2) menemukan paradigma teori awal, (3) menggantinya
dengan paradigma Islam dan (4) membangun teori baru. Berdasarkan perspektif ini, Azizy
telah melakukan keempat langkah analisis di atas dan menghasilkan teori kesejahteraan yang
sesuai dengan paradigma Islam yakni teori falāh. Poin penting yang menjadi ciri khas teori
ini adalah orientasi kesejahteraan Islam meliputi dimensi duniawi dan ukhrowi. Secara
keseluruhan pemenuhan kesejahteraan bagi seorang Muslim dapat dirinci dalam 5 aspek
kehidupan yakni agama, jiwa, akal, keturunan dan harta.
Kata Kunci: Program riset sains Islam, Lakatosian, Islamisasi, Teori kesejahteraan, Al falāh
الصلاح الديني والسلوك الاجتماعي في المجتمع الإندونيسي؛ ظاهرة الانفصام ومنهج للتقريب
Full text linkيهدف هذا المقال إلى رصد ظاهرة الصلاح الديني الفردي في أوساط المجتمع الإندونيسي،
التي أخذت –حسب ما توصلت إليه الدراسات - تنمو بشكل ملحوظ ومطرد من وقت إلى
وقت، وإلى أي مدى تؤثر ذلك في سلوكهم الاجتماعي والسياسي، التي قيل أنه لا علاقة
بينهما. هذه الدراسة التي تقوم على منهج وصفي تحليلي، قد انتهى إلى النتيجة: بأن للصلاح
الديني الفردي أثر كبير في تكوين الصلاح الاجتماعي والسياسي، والعكس أيضا صحيح.
وما قيل بأن نمو ظاهرة الصلاح الديني الفردي لا يؤثر في تقدم حصول الأحزاب ذات
اتجاه إسلامي وطني على أصوات الناخبين، كلام عار من الصحة، بحيث أن أغلب الناخبين
لأحزاب ذات اتجاه إسلامي وطني ووطني إسلامي هم المتدينون؛ مما يعني أن تقدمها
يحتاج إلى مزيد من الجهد في توسيع دائرة الصلاح الديني الفردي من جهة، وتقديم مقاربة
إنسانية مصلحية لجلب أوساط الغير المتدينين من جهة أخر
A Critical Study On Ghaybah Of Imām Mahdi Concept In Shī’ah Imāmiyyah Ithnā ‘Ashariyya
Full text linkThe Sunni and Shī'ah debate over whether the teachings of
the Imāmah Shī'ah Imāmiyyah Ithnā 'Ashariyyah are included in
the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad SAW cannot be
avoided. Both saw the need for Imāmah as a substitute for the
position of the prophet in managing religion and the
world. However, there is a fundamental difference that cannot be
tolerated. According to Ahl Sunnah wa al-jamā‘ah (the Sunnis),
Imāmah is fardhu kifayah, while according to Shī'ah
Imāmiyyah, it is one of the principles of faith which must be
believed. This Shī'a belief also experienced a deadlock due to the
polemic whether Imam al-Ḥasan al-'Ashkari had descendants or
not. This deadlock was answered by them by bringing up a new
concept in aqidah called Ghaybah. Therefore, the authors see the
need to critically examine this concept of ghaybah, because it is
the underlying foundation of the Imāmah that is believed. In
addition to strengthening the faith of Muslims (the Sunnis), this
study will also examine how strong the argument for the concept
of ghaybah is. Through a study of library research type with a
descriptive-critical analysis approach, it can be concluded
that: First, the concept of ghaybah does not have a strong
argumentative basis. Second, the figure of Imam Mahdi who they
have believed in is only a fictitious figure. Third, the nature
of Imam Mahdi's ghaybah contradicts the hadiths of the Prophet
SAW and the statements of the Shī'ah scholars themselve
Ideologi Zionisme dalam Timbangan Teologi Islam: Kajian Atas Rasisme dalam Pemikiran Zionisme
Full text linkZionisme merupakan salah satu agenda besar bangsa Yahudi untuk
menguasai dunia. Gerakannya bisa dianggap jauh dari nilai kemanusiaan,
di mana semua itu bersumber dari ideologi mereka yang ada dalam Kitab
Talmud dan Protocols of Zion. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap
dasar-dasar pemikiran Zionisme yang menjadi prinsip mereka dalam
gerakan menaklukkan dunia. Melalui penelusuran literatur-literatur
berkenaan dengan tema pembahasan dan metode deskriptif-analisis kritis
diharapkan dapat menjelaskan tentang sisi rasisme ideologi Zionisme
yang itu jelas bertentangan dengan teologi Islam dan nilai kemanusiaan.
Penelitian ini menunjukkan beberapa poin penting, di antaranya yaitu:
pertama, Zionisme merupakan gerakan bangsa Yahudi untuk merebut
kembali Baitul Maqdis; kedua, Gerakan Zionisme modern diprakarsai
oleh Theodor Herzl melalui pembentukan Negara Modern Palestina;
ketiga, Gerakan Zionisme tersebut didasari oleh ideologi mereka yang
diambil dari Kitab Talmud dan Protocols of Zion. Inti ideologi dalam kedua
sumber ini adalah menegaskan bahwa bangsa Yahudi merupakan bangsa
terbaik di dunia, bangsa selain mereka dianggap bukan keturunan Adam
bahkan dianggap hewan, Tuhan telah menganugrahi bangsa Yahudi hakhak untuk menguasai seluruh bangsa selain mereka, dan lain sebagainya;
keempat, ideologi Zionisme tersebut jika ditinjau dari perspektif teologi
Islam terdapat banyak kesalahan karena pada dasarnya Allah memandang
semua umat manusia itu sama dan yang membedakannya hanyalah
ketakwaannya, terdapat beberapa kerancuan dalam konsepsi Zionis
tentang Tuhan, dan beberapa ideologi mereka memiliki kerancuan antara
argumen satu dengan argument lain. Oleh karena itu, penulis
menyimpulkan bahwa ideologi Zionisme bertentangan dengan sudut
pandang teologi Islam, selain itu juga banyak tidak sesuai dengan prinsip
kemanusiaan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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