1,720,968 research outputs found
Outils d’aide à la décision pour la conception des blocs opératoires
No full textDans les dernières décennies, l'augmentation de la consommation des services de soins et la croissance de la population ont fait de l'élimination du gaspillage et l'amélioration continue de la productivité de plus en plus cruciale pour les hôpitaux. La productivité et l'efficacité d'un hôpital dépendent des conditions de travail des soignants qui sont influencés fortement par l'organisation des lieux de travail et des installations [Dares (2013)]. L’agencement des installations consiste à "déterminer l'organisation physique d'un système de production et de trouver l’arrangement le plus efficace de ‘n’ installations dans ‘n’ positions" [Singh et Sharma (2006)]. L’agencement des installations a un grand impact sur la productivité et l'efficacité du fonctionnement d'un hôpital. Etant conscient de ce besoin, le travail que nous présentons vise à trouver une solution à l’agencement des salles du Bloc Opératoire "le coeur de l'hôpital", ainsi que les salles annexes en proposant un outil intelligent que nous mettons à la disposition des maitres d’ouvrages pour optimiser leur conception du bloc opératoire. Les méthodes que nous avons explorées pour la réalisation de ce travail sont les méthodes exactes, les heuristiques, les métaheuristiques et les méthodes intelligentes, ce qui nous a permis de comparer les différentes approches afin de fournir la meilleure solution pour différents scénarios de problèmes. Nous présentons les contributions majeures de notre travail, à commencer par l'application de la programmation mathématique en nombres entiers mixtes (Mixed Integer Programming (MIP)) pour résoudre le problème d’agencement du bloc opératoire (Operating Theater Layout Problem (OTLP)) comme la première contribution scientifique. Ce travail considère trois structures différentes (multi-section, multi-étage et multi-rangé) dans deux types d'environnement différents, tout en optimisant deux fonctions objectifs différents. La combinaison de ces différentes composantes donne lieu à neuf modèles MIP pour résoudre l’OTLP pour lesquels une solution optimale a été atteinte pour des problèmes avec jusqu'à quarante salles. L'utilisation de Systèmes Multi-Agents (MAS) pour résoudre le problème d’agencement des installations est la deuxième contribution scientifique que nous présentons dans le cinquième chapitre. Dans la littérature, on retrouve un seul travail [Tarkesh et al., (2009)] ayant appliqué le MAS pour résoudre des problèmes de petites tailles, ce qui rend notre travail, le premier adoptant MAS pour répondre à la fois le FLP sous environnement statique et dynamique pour des problèmes de grande taille en utilisant un algorithme en trois étapes pour résoudre OTLP. La plate-forme multi-agents développée exploite les trois différents protocoles de communication d’agents, à savoir la coordination, la coopération et la négociation pour concevoir différentes architectures d’agents afin de faire face à l’OTLP statique et dynamique. La dernière contribution consistant en l'utilisation de l’optimisation par essaim de particules (Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)) sous une représentation continue de l’espace de recherche pour résoudre le problème d’agencement multi-rangée est présentée dans le sixième chapitre. Puisque la PSO est généralement utilisé pour résoudre les problèmes d’affectation ou les FLP avec une représentation discrète, la formulation actuelle est parmi les rares travaux traitant la représentation continue du FLP. Nous avons conçu une nouvelle technique de codage des particules et des heuristiques appropriées pour générer des solutions initiales et pour effectuer la procédure de recherche locale. Une autre nouveauté est liée à l'application de la PSO à un problème de structure multi-rangé, qui n'a pas été abordé auparavant car à notre connaissance, les travaux avec la PSO ont formulé le FLP comme une structure d’une seule rangée ou dans le meilleur des scénarios, comme une structure à deux rangéesIn the last decades, the important increasing consumption of health care and the growing of population make elimination of waste and continuous productivity improvement more and more critical for hospitals to provide their care services effectively and efficiently. The productivity and efficiency of a hospital depends on the caregivers working conditions, which are impacted greatly by the work place and the facilities organization [Dares (2013)]. Facilities planning “determines the physical organization of a production system and finding the most efficient arrangement of ‘n’ indivisible facilities in ‘n’ locations” [Singh & Sharma (2006)]. Thus, facilities planning has a great impact on the productivity and efficiency of running a hospital. Being aware of this need, the work we present aims to find a solution to facilities planning for the Operating Theater “the heart of hospital” by proposing an intelligent tool we make available to decision makers for optimizing their operating theater design. Our research work focuses on the use of operational research methods in order to find a solution for this optimization problem. Methods we explored for the realization of this work were variant, namely exact algorithm, heuristics, metaheuristics and intelligent methods, which allow us to compare different issues in order to provide the best solution to different scenarios of problems. Thus, in this dissertation we present the major contribution of our work, starting with the application of Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) to solve Operating Theater Layout Problem (OTLP) as the first scientific contribution. This work considers three different formulations (i.e. the multi-sections, the multi-floors and the multi-rows) in two different environment types (i.e. static and dynamic) while optimizing two different objective functions (i.e. to minimize the total traveling cost and to maximize the total adjacency rate). The combination of these different components gives rise to nine MIP models to solve the OTLP for which optimal solution was provided to problems with until forty facilities. These contributions are presented in the third and fourth chapters. The use of Multi-Agent System (MAS) to solve Facility Layout Problem (FLP) is the second scientific contribution we present in chapter five. In literature, only one work [Tarkesh et al., (2009)] applied the MAS to solve small sized problems, which makes our work the first one adopting MAS to address both the static and dynamic FLP for large sized problems using a novel algorithm running in three steps to solve OTLP. The developed multi-agent platform exploit the three different agents’ protocols of communication, namely coordination, cooperation and negotiation to conceive different agents’ architectures to deal with the static and dynamic OTLP. The last contribution consisting on the use of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) under continuous layout representation to solve multi-rows FLP is presented in chapter six. Since the PSO is generally used to solve assignment problems or discrete FLP, the actual formulation is among the few works dealing with the continuous one. This leads us to conceive a novel encoding technique and the appropriate heuristics to generate initial solutions and to perform the local search procedure. Another novelty is related to the application of PSO to a multi-rows layout problem, which was not addressed before. To the best of our knowledge, PSO works usually formulate the FLP as a single row or in the best of scenarios, as a double-rows proble
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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