706 research outputs found
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
No full textThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
No full textIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
Have low irrigation service charges disadvantaged the poor?
No full textIrrigation waterWater ratesPricingPoverty
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON THE DECLINING GROUNDWATER LEVEL OF GAZIPUR DISTRICT, BANGLADESH
No full textASSESSING THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON THE DECLINING GROUNDWATER LEVEL OF GAZIPUR DISTRICT, BANGLADESH
RAZA, Jowaher, HASSAN, Muhammad Qumrul, AHMED, Kazi Matin, ZAHID, Anwar and KHANDAKER, Nazrul,
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol 54, No. 5, https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022AM-379416
RAZA, Jowaher1, HASSAN, Muhammad Qumrul1, AHMED, Kazi Matin1, ZAHID, Anwar2 and KHANDAKER, Nazrul3, (1)Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, (2)Bangladesh Water Development Boards (BWDB), Farmgate, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, (3)Geology Discipline, York College of CUNY, 9420 Guy R Brewer Blvd, AC-2F09, Jamaica, NY 11451-0001
The Gazipur District belongs to the ‘Madhupur Tract,’ situated in the northern part of Dhaka, the central upland area of Bangladesh. The Gazipur district is located between 23˚53’ to 24˚20’ North latitudes and between 90˚09’ to 90˚42’ east longitude. Geographically, Gazipur is almost the center of Bangladesh, next to the fast-growing and developing Capital City, Dhaka. It is a growing industrial center resulting in rapid urbanization. Due to increased population growth, municipal services are stressed with the increasing demand for natural resources. Consequently, forest and water bodies are diminishing, resulting in significant environmental impacts. Gazipur City (GC) zone covers almost 48.50 km² and is subdivided into a center range, which encompasses 16 km2 surrounding the city\u27s core, and a periphery region which includes the remaining 32.5 km2. The highest population densities are situated in the middle of the central zone, while rural or semi-rural enclaves are located on the periphery. The population density of the GC Corporation is 1,884 inhabitants per square kilometer. Being part of the greater Dhaka metropolitan area, this district also faces insurmountable obstacles due to its uncontrolled growth. These include high levels of poverty and social vulnerability, inadequate infrastructure, lack of social services environmental equity, and incompetent urban management. Domestic and industrial sectors consume the most water in the Gazipur District, with 85 percent of the urban water demand being met by groundwater and 15 percent by surface water. Groundwater reserves are in peril due to uncontrolled groundwater abstraction and chronically reduced recharge, resulting in a constant decline of \u3e2 meters per year of groundwater level. It is necessary to link the impact of industrialization and urbanization on groundwater availability and quality as well.
Keywords: Groundwater level, Sustainability, Urban Management, Smart City, Recharge, Bangladesh, Urbanization, Industrialization, Population Density
Session No. 25--Booth# 64
Sunday, 9 October 2022: 9:00 AM-1:00 PM
Exhibit Hall F (Colorado Convention Center
Conversion of African Americans to Islam : a sociological analysis of the Nation of Islam and associated groups
No full text'Conversion of African Americans to Islam: A Sociological Analysis of the Nation of
Islam Associated groups' is an empirical study of the religious experience of people
who had/have distinctive features in terms of race, ethnicity and historical experience.
The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how African Americans' (AAs) conversion
experience in general, and the Nation of Islam associated groups' conversion in
particular, differ from the studies of recruitment and conversion in the sociology of
religion and New Religion Movements (NRMs). More specifically, their recruitment
and conversion experiences to Islam diverge from those who converted to mainstream
Islam. The study investigates how AAs' historical experience, soci-economic
difficulties and the racism they encountered shaped and influenced their religious
understanding.
Research methods involved participant observations, a survey questionnaire, interviews,
conversations, personal communications and correspondence. To collect ethnographic
data eleven months field research was conducted mainly in the Chicago area and on two
short visits to Detroit, and three years continued communications with Muslim officials
and academics in the area. During the field research and afterwards through personal
communication 181 survey questionnaire responses were received, and 23 Muslim
officials, academics and ordinary Muslims were interviewed through semi-structured,
unstructured interviews, conversation and correspondence.
The thesis begins with a brief history of Islam and Muslims in general and the African
American Muslims (AAMs) in particular. More emphasis is given on the historical
development of the Nation of Islam (NOl). Then in Chapter III, discussions of schisms
in the history of the NOT are examined from sociological perspectives of social and
religious movements. In Chapter IV I aimed to formulate my own perspective to
analyse and study the conversion experiences of AAMs to Islam. I used a multivariate
approach, considering selectively widely held conversion and recruitment theories in the
sociology of the religion. I consider in Chapter V the predisposing conditions for AAMs
that influence their decision-making to join in the NOT, for example, political and
nationalistic sentiments and socio-economic deprivations. In Chapter VI I have applied
different terms to describe their religious experiences, such as conversion, alteration and
reversion. I have analysed further their encounters with the NOT, the methods of
recruitment they used and their major motives for joining the NOT and converting to
Tslam. In the concluding chapters (Chapter VII VTTT) I describe the different responses
of AAMS to Islam following the death of Elijah Muhammad. It is found out that the
Islamic appeal has polarised. While Farakhan's NOT appeared to continue the tradition
and style of the old NOI with the emphasis on nationalistic and socio-economic factors,
Tmam W. D. Mohammed's community turned more to the religious and spiritual aspects
of Tslam. These different approaches led to a polarisation of the appeal of Tslam to
AAMS.
This thesis contributes to knowledge in four key areas; the sociology of religion and
religious movements, the sociology of social and nationalistic movements, religious and
Islamic studies
ASSESSING VEGETATION PATTERN USING MODERATE RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER (MODIS) IMAGES ALONG THE WESTERN COASTAL AREA OF BANGLADESH
No full textASSESSING VEGETATION PATTERN USING MODERATE RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER (MODIS) IMAGES ALONG THE WESTERN COASTAL AREA OF BANGLADESH
AKHI, Atika Rahman, AHMED, Asib, HASSAN, Muhammad Qumrul, and KHANDAKER, Nazrul
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol 54, No. 5, https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022AM-379769
AKHI, Atika Rahman, Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, AHMED, Asib, Department of Geography and Environment, Dhaka University, Agargaon, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, HASSAN, Muhammad Qumrul, Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh and KHANDAKER, Nazrul, Geology Discipline, York College of CUNY, 9420 Guy R Brewer Blvd, AC-2F09, Jamaica, NY 11451-0001
The coast of Bangladesh is known as a zone of vulnerability. It is prone to natural disasters like cyclones, storm surges, and floods. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images with spatial resolutions ranging from 250 to 1 km are primarily used to assess vegetation dynamics and processes at a large scale. Using pixel-based maximum likelihood classification (MLC) on these data can produce products with an accuracy ranging from 63% to 82%. The extraction of vegetation information from satellite images is based on interpretation factors such as color, texture, tone, pattern, and association. Many sensors provide imagery for producing VI (e.g., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index or NDVI) calculated from the bands in the visible and near-infrared regions. A good technique that has the potential to improve vegetation classification is the fusion of remotely sensed data with multiple spatial resolutions. The efficient integration of remote sensing information with varying temporal, spectral, and spatial solutions is necessary for accurate vegetation mapping. NDVI values range from +1.0 to -1.0. Areas of barren rock, sand, or snow usually show shallow NDVI values (for example, 0.1 or less). Sparse vegetation such as shrubs, grasslands, or senescing crops may result in moderate NDVI values (approximately 0.2 to 0.5). High NDVI values (about 0.6 to 0.9) correspond to dense vegetation such as that found in temperate and tropical forests or crops at their peak growth stage. The classification of Land use and Land cover of the Western coastal area of Bangladesh shows that there are eight different sectors: water, dense vegetation, grassland, flooded vegetation, agricultural land, shrub land, built-up area, and bare land. Using MODIS, greater than 6000 and 5374 pixels represent dense and sparse vegetation areas respectively. The NDVI found that the sparse vegetation of the western coastal area is increasing, but the site\u27s dense vegetation is decreasing from 2003 to 2022. This study validates the importance of a thorough understanding of the related concepts and careful design of the technical procedures, which can be utilized to study vegetation cover using remote sensing images.
Keywords: Vegetation mapping, MODERATE RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER (MODIS), Bangladesh, Remote sensing sensors, Image processing, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Image classification, and Coastal area
Sunday, 9 October 2022: 9:00 AM-1:00 PM
Exhibit Hall F (Colorado Convention Center
al-Misbāh fī al-Nahw By Nāsir al-Dīn al-Mutarrizī al-Nahwī (d. 610/1213) A Critical Edition of the Text with the Life History of the Author
No full textNāsir al-Dīn al-Mutarrizī al-Nahwī (d.610/1213) was one of the most renowned figures in the field of Arabic Grammar. He has left an indelible mark on the world of Arabic language and literature. He is also known as the successor of al-Zamakhsharī.
He wrote a number of books but his al-Misbāh fī al-Nahw gained prominence at a level that no other book in this field could claim to achieve. For this reason, a great number of commentaries have been written in every age, of which the most famous are al-Daw and Khulāsat al-I‘rāb written by Tāj al-Dīn al-Isfrā’īnī and ‘Abd al- Karīm al-Tūsī (better known as Hājjī Bābā) respectively. Moreover, its translation into other languages also demonstrates its value as a useful book.
Although al-Misbāh has been edited on more than one occasion, the published editions do not fulfil the needs and requirements of modern academic research criteria. The basic aim of this thesis is to present this book with a current modern research style so that the students, teachers and ordinary readers of Arabic language and literature may benefit from this work.
This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the life history of the author and his other works. A brief note of the environment under which he grew up (generally referred to as the ‘Seljuk’ period) is also included in this part.
The second part consists of a text edition that deals with the derivation (Takhrīj) of syntactical issues together with the differing opinions of grammarians on syntactical/grammatical issues. This part also proffers the idiomatic English translation of al-Misbāh
Astrology in literature: how the prohibited became permissible in the Arabic poetry of the mediaeval period
No full textThis thesis is concerned to position the art of astrology within the context of classical Arabic poetry, primarily by investigating and elucidating attitudes to the notion of
qadar (fate) and the ideology in which it was embedded. These attitudes were revelatory of the broader world view of the Arabs of those periods, and their shifts from those held in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras tell us a good deal about the importance given to the nature and role of fate and about the various understandings of its influence. The pre-Islamic Arab's notion of qadar was in some ways similar to that of the early Muslims: both emphasised predetermination and the irresistible power of fate. But while the jahilf (Pre-Islamic) Arabs identified fate with the malign power of dahr (Time), the Muslims believed the power of fate lies in the hands of God the
Omnipotent, who alone is responsible for the fate of the whole universe. Thus the astrology of the pre-Islamic era was one aspect of divination (kihana) and claimed to be
able to reveal in advance an individual's destiny, which could be avoided by taking certain precautions. These precautions, however, were considered effective only in
relatively trivial cases; they were useless in the areas of major impact: a person's happiness or misery (shaqiiwa aw sa ada), sustenance (rizq) and one's term (ajal), the
three inevitable and irresistible manifestations of fate. In the Islamic period not only these major aspects of life are governed and controlled by the Omnipotent; the destiny
of the universe, in even its most minute details, is determined and controlled by God alone. Astrology was considered to be of no value whatsoever, and its practitioners were subject to the death penalty. These two irreconcilable views are evident in early Islamic poetry, which reflected clearly the response of poets, and society, to astrology from the perspective of qadar.
When the orthodox caliphate was replaced by dynastic rule the status of astrology was changed dramatically. The idea that the stars, as indicators, play a role in the life of
human beings found popowerful supporters in some governors of the Islamic world, who allowed astrology to fulfil a public function regardless of the hostility of the official
religion of that society. This social phenomenon generated rich material of a controversial character in the realm of literature. Investigating the factors, motivations
and impact of mediaeval political, theological and philosophical attitudes to astrology, in relation to the notions of free will and predestination, is the concern of this study
The role of the accused in English and Islamic criminal justice
No full textThis thesis is a comparative study of the role of the accused in the systems of
English and Islamic criminal justice. It seeks to explore the underlying
relationship between the individual and the state through an historical, structural
and contextual analysis of their rules relating to questioning and of confessions.
The analysis of the English system covers the period 1800 to 1984, with
particular reference to developments during the nineteenth century when the
foundations for the modern English state were established. The analysis of the
Islamic system combines traditionally Islamic and modern methods, assessing the
"Islamisation" movement in Malaysia through a religico-structural understanding
of juristic opinion from the four main schools of Sunnite jurisprudence.
The thesis contributes to existing knowledge on a number of levels: first, it
questions and revises the "myth" of "progress" that has dominated observations
of the history of the English criminal justice system; second, it elucidates the
relationship between Islamic law in theory and the law that is applied and
proposed in its name in Muslim states; third, it provides an analytical framework
for drawing comparisons between the underlying values of the systems of English
and Islamic criminal justice.
While acknowledging fundamental differences in terms of outlook and
articulation, the author concludes there are important similarities expressed
through such notions as "suspect" in the English system and "kafir"I"fasiq" in the
Islamic. These act as intermediate constitutional categories to whom the state
owe less protection. But the author notes also that these similarities are not
observed necessarily in the "law" which is implemented or proposed in Muslim
states; exact correspondence depends upon the over-arching political structure
and the institution of Caliphate.
The thesis is divided into six chapters: chapter one sets out the conventional view
of the historical development of English criminal procedure and evidence;
chapter two subjects that to a critique and chapter three offers a revised thesis.
Chapter four, explores methods for interpreting and explaining Islam; chapter
five sets out rules relating to confessions and questioning according to the four
Sunni schools; chapter six puts them into "context" through an examination of
the "Islamisation" process in Malaysia
Ghayat al-amani and the life and times of al-Hadi Yahya b. al-Husayn: an introduction, newly edited text and translation with detailed annotation
No full textThe thesis is anchored upon a text extracted from an important 11th / 17th century Yemeni historical work. This text deals primarily with al-Hādī ilā 'I-Haqq, the founder of the Zaydī Imamate in the Yemen that lasted well over a thousand years. AI-Hādīs imamate, of considerable significance in itself, also coincides with one of the most turbulent periods of early Yemeni mediaeval history. The- edited Arabic text, with its accompanying apparatus criticus. Is to be found at the opposite end of this volume. The Introduction considers various aspects of Imam al-Hadī’s life, religious ideas and aspirations and matters directly connected with the edited text and the work of which it forms a part. Among the most important subjects discussed are the MSS used in the production of the edited text, the problem concerning the authorship of Ghāyat al-amānī and the relationship of the latter work to Anbā' al-zaman. A short biography of al-Hādī is provided, together with a treatment of the historical background to ai-Hādīs imamate. The introduction also describes the editorial method followed with regard to the text, and certain key personal names and toponyms are dealt with there. The method employed by the author of the Ghāyat is to record the events of any one year by Itself. I have translated one year at a time and then followed it by the annotations appertaining to it. It is hoped that by means of these annotations. (some of which through necessity are quite detailed ), the text will be better understood. The numerous personages, tribal names and toponyms are considered, as well as problems concerning points of chronology and various matters of historical and religious significance. Specific comment is made upon certain interesting terms or any unusual or striking vocabulary. The thesis concludes with maps, genealogical tables and a comprehensive bibliography
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