1,219 research outputs found
Effect of age and gender on cell proliferation and cell surface characterization of synovial fat pad derived mesenchymal stem cells
No full textAbstract not availableEmma Fossett, Wasim S. Khan, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Peter J. Smitha
The Aga Khan Health Services - International Newsletter No. 47
Get PDFPrime Minister Lauds Academic Excellence Convocation Seminar Explores Health Transition in Developing Countries Visitors at The Aga Khan University Medical Centre Women Train for Frontline Assignments. Dr. Wasim Afzal — First Winner of AKU’s Gold Medal Workshop in Northern Pakistan Helps Change Attitudes Towards Health Care Clinics Emphasise Disease Prevention in Tanzania AWARDS for AKU Faculty New DG at AKUH Joseph de Mora — New challenges in East Africa Chemical Therapy in Tenth Century Islamic Medicinehttps://ecommons.aku.edu/akuh_newsletter/1084/thumbnail.jp
Mylonchulus amurus Khan and Jairajpuri 1979
No full textMylonchulus amurus Khan and Jairajpuri, 1979 (Fig. 3 E–H) = Pakmylonchulus amurus (Khan and Jairajpuri, 1979) Khan and Sayeed, 1987 Measurements: Table 2. Female: Buccal cavity goblet-shaped, thick-walled, uniformly tapering to its base, 1.6–1.7 times as long as wide; dorsal tooth large, claw-like, anteriorly directed, its tip at 76–80 % from base of stoma; ventro-sublateral walls provided with five transverse rows of denticles; subventral teeth absent. Amphidial aperture at level with dorsal tooth apex. Female genital system amphidelphic. Sphincter present at oviduct-uterus junction. Vulva transverse; vagina thick-walled extending inward about two-fifths to one-third of the corresponding body width; pars proximalis vaginae 8.0– 9.5 μm long and triangular; pars refringens vaginae triangular in shape, measuring 3–4 × 1.5–2 μm, cw 5–6 μm; pars distalis vaginae short with circular walls, measuring 2–4 μm. Tail short conoid, ventrally arcuate, 1.2–1.4 anal body widths long. Caudal glands well developed, grouped; spinneret terminal. Male: Not found. Habitat and locality: Soil around the roots of forest trees from Mukkali, Silent Valley National Park, Palakkat, Kerala State, India. Remarks: Khan and Jairajpuri (1979) described M. amurus from several localities at high altitudes in North India. This species is characterized by having a buccal cavity without subventral teeth and an amphidelphic female genital system. Khan and Saeed (1987) proposed a new genus Pakmylonchulus for this species. Andrássy (1993) synonymised Pakmylonchulus with Mylonchulus and transferred back P. amurus to its earlier position as M. amurus. The present population from South India conforms well with those described by the original author except for having a slightly larger buccal cavity (25–26 x 15 vs 22– 25 x 10–16 µm) and slightly lower c value (c = 21–28 vs 28–42). This is the second report of this species after its original description. Interestingly, while describing M. amurus, the original authors compared it only with M. hawaiiensis (Cassidy, 1931) Andrássy, 1958, a species possessing subventral teeth in their buccal cavity. They probably overlooked three already known species of Mylonchulus (M. insolitus Andrássy, 1968; M. exacutus Jensen & Mulvey, 1968; and M. ubis Clark, 1961) possessing buccal cavity without subventral teeth and amphidelphic gonads. Khan and Sayeed (1987) while proposing the new genus Pakmylonchulus also did not refere these species and restricted their genus Pakmylonchulus only to P. amurus. Three further species, M. oceanicus Andrássy, 1986; M. ananasi Yeates, 1992 and M. aequatorialis Orcelli & Vinciguerra, 2007 were later described as possessing a buccal cavity without subventral teeth and amphidelphic female genital system. M. amurus differs from these six species in definite morphological features. From M. ananasi, M. ubis, M. oceanicus and M. aequatorialis, it differs in having terminal spinneret (vs spinneret sub-dorsal in all the above species), while in M. exacutus and M. insolitus the spinneret is absent. In addition to this obvious difference, there are several other morphological and morphometric difference between M. amurus and the above six species (cf. key to species of Mylonchulus by Ahmad & Jairajpuri (2010)).Published as part of Nusrat, Tabinda, Anjum, Ashher & Ahmad, Wasim, 2013, Mononchida (Nematoda) from Silent Valley National Park, India, pp. 224-236 in Zootaxa 3635 (3) on pages 230-232, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3635.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/21728
Fig. 6. Basirotyleptus minutus Khan, 1987 in Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India
No full textFig. 6. Basirotyleptus minutus Khan, 1987, ♀ (AMU/ZD/NC/Basirotyleptus minutus/1). A. Entire specimen. B. Anterior region showing amphid. C. Anterior region. D. Pharyngeal bulb. E. Pharyngeal region. F. Genital system. G. Posterior region.Published as part of Islam, Md Niraul & Ahmad, Wasim, 2022, Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India, pp. 1-57 in European Journal of Taxonomy 791 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.791.1645, http://zenodo.org/record/599984
Mammillonema Darekar and Khan 1982
No full textMammillonema Darekar and Khan (1982) described the new genus Mammillonema, with M. mammillatus as its type and unique species, and compared it to Oriverutus, from which it was separated by a series of seriously questionable differences: mammillate papillae, nature of odontophore (“spear extension asymmetrical, zig-zag anteriorly”), both pharyngeal regions nearly equal in length, female genital system didelphic, and mammillate ventromedian supplements. Only the differences observed in odontophore nature might be of some taxonomical relevance, but such a “zig-zag” design has not been described in dorylaims, and is often the result of inadequate killing and fixation processes. Jairajpuri and Ahmad (1992) regarded Mammillonema as identical to Oriverutus and transferred its only and type species to the latter, an action that seems to be well justified and herein accepted.Published as part of Peña-Santiago, Reyes, Liébanas, Gracia & Ahmad, Wasim, 2014, Taxonomy of the genus Oriverutus Siddiqi, 1971 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Nordiidae), pp. 1253-1278 in Journal of Natural History 48 (21) on page 1263, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.861942, http://zenodo.org/record/400689
Inclusive Fitness Theory: is it still relevant in discussions of altruism?
No full textFor nearly 50 years, Inclusive Fitness Theory has provided researchers an avenue to understand altruistic interactions among individuals in a colony. It has recently come under fire by prominent academics suggesting it is unsatisfactory in describing altruism. This thesis aims to provide a history of inclusive fitness theory and dissect the arguments against the theory and in favor of it. Using scientific research articles from such publications as Nature and Science, I have collected information on the history of Inclusive Fitness Theory and the development of the theory over time. Furthermore, this thesis will also delve into the methods of testing Inclusive Fitness Theory as well as fields that have arisen due to the theory. Ultimately, using arguments made by opponents and proponents to the theory, conclusions will be drawn about the validity of the theory. While the arguments against the theory seem sound, they ultimately fail to provide alternative insights into the development of altruism in colonies, and moreover these arguments are successfully refuted by leaders in the field.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Daniel Wasim Awar
Effects of Gestational Diabetes and Other Metabolic Syndromes on Stemness, Properties of Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
No full textStem cells are an auspicious contrivance for different therapeutic intermediation. Their inimitable properties include
self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulation. These properties have enticed the attention and
consideration of researchers and worldwide physicians to use these properties in treatment of different diseases. Stem
cells can be classified as embryonic stem cells, fetal stem cells and adult stem cells, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
and hematopoietic stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or mesenchymal stromal cells are myofibroblast-like
cells, can be derived from different sources like bone marrow, adipose tissue, dental pulp, amniotic fluid, Wharton’s
jelly, umbilical cord blood, and cord tissue. Literature reports that Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other
metabolic syndromes have an effect on cellular and transcriptomic processes of stem cells derived from different
sources. The effect can be in the form of alteration in proliferation, differentiation and many other properties of MSCs.
Current investigation shows metabolic disorders are not only responsible for genetic problems and certain disease
risk factors in adult life but also have adverse effects on perinatal environment. Keeping all these factors in mind the
purpose of this review would be beneficial to all those who would like to explore how the stem cells are affected from
perinatal environment problems, like gestational diabetes, Type 2 diabetes preeclampsia and many more. The most
important factor is that this can provide insight on utilization of stem cells after conditioning and later can be used in regenerative medicine
The role of the immune system in tendon healing: a systematic review.
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: The role of the immune system in tendon healing relies on polymorphonucleocytes, mast cells, macrophages and lymphocytes, the 'immune cells' and their cytokine production. This systematic review reports how the immune system affects tendon healing. SOURCES OF DATA: We registered our protocol (registration number: CRD42019141838). After searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases, we included studies of any level of evidence published in peer-reviewed journals reporting clinical or preclinical results. The PRISMA guidelines were applied, and risk of bias and the methodological quality of the included studies were assessed. We excluded all the articles with high risk of bias and/or low quality after the assessment. We included 62 articles assessed as medium or high quality. AREAS OF AGREEMENT: Macrophages are major actors in the promotion of proper wound healing as well as the resolution of inflammation in response to pathogenic challenge or tissue damage. The immune cells secrete cytokines involving both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors which could affect both healing and macrophage polarization. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY: The role of lymphocytes, mast cells and polymorphonucleocytes is still inconclusive. GROWING POINTS: The immune system is a major actor in the complex mechanism behind the healing response occurring in tendons after an injury. A dysregulation of the immune response can ultimately lead to a failed healing response. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH: Further studies are needed to shed light on therapeutic targets to improve tendon healing and in managing new way to balance immune response
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