100 research outputs found
A reappraisal of attitudes to the 'People of the Book' in the Qur'an and hadith, with particular reference to Muslim fiscal policy and the covenant of 'Umar
Get PDFEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
The problems of translating Quranic metaphors into English in select models of both Arberry’s and Khan & Al- Hilali’s translations: analytical study
Get PDFتسعى هذه الدراسةُ إلى النّظر في كيفية تعامل مترجمي معاني القرآن الكريم إلى اللغة الإنجليزية مع قضية المجاز، معتمدة في ذلك على ترجمتي كل من محمد محسن خان ومحمد تقي الدين الهلالي، وترجمة آربيري (Arberry). وقد اختارت الدّراسة هاتين الترجمتين لأن أصحابها يأتون من خلفيّات ثقافية مختلفة، الأمر الذي يساعد الدراسة عملياً في الوقوف على أثر العاملين: الثقافي والديني في ترجمة معاني القرآن. اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، مبتدئة بمقدمة نظرية عامة عن القضايا التي استند إليها البحث، لتصل إلى الجانب التطبيقي، الذي تناول آياتٍ من مواضعَ مختلفةٍ في القرآن الكريم، اشتملت على تعابيرَ مجازيةٍ، جرى توضيحها وتفسير معانيها بالعودة إلى كتب تفسير القرآن الكريم، والنظر في ترجماتها، وتقييمها، ببيان مدى موافقتها للمعاني المقصودة، ثُمّ رصد الأخطاء فيها ومحاولة تصويبها وأحياناً اقتراح خيارات بديلة. تخلص الدّراسة من بعد ذلك كلّه إلى أنّ عملية ترجمة المجاز في القرآن الكريم أصعب من ترجمة أي نص آخر، لأسباب تحاول الدراسة توضيحها وبيان سبل تخطيها ما أمكن. وفي الوقت نفسه فإنّ الدراسة لا تتخذ موقفًا معارضًا لترجمة معاني القرآن، وتتأنى في حكمها بالضّعف عليها، وتؤمن بإمكانية تخطي العقبات التي تعترض طرق المترجمين في المستقبل.This study aims to examine how translators deal with the figurative expressions in the translation of the meanings of the Quran into English, relying on the translations of Muhammad Muhsin Khan and Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali and the translation of Arberry. The study chose these translations because their authors come from different cultural backgrounds, which practically helps in understanding the impact of cultural and religious factors in translating the meanings of the Quran.
The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, starting with a general theoretical introduction to the issues on which the research is based. It then moves to the practical aspect, analyzing verses from various parts of the Quran that contain figurative expressions. These expressions are clarified and explained by referring to Quranic exegesis books, examining their translations, and evaluating them, indicating the extent to which they align with the intended meanings. The study also identifies errors in these translations, attempts to correct them, and sometimes suggests alternative choices. The study concludes that the process of translating figurative expressions in the Quran is more challenging than translating any other text. It attempts to clarify the reasons behind this difficulty and suggests ways to overcome it. At the same time, the study does not take an opposing stance towards the translation of the meanings of the Quran. It rather acknowledges its weaknesses and believes in the possibility of overcoming the obstacles that translators face in the future
Meat flavor precursors and factors influencing flavor precursors—A systematic review
No full textFlavor is the sensory impression sensed by taste and smell buds and is a leading factor determining the meat quality and purchasing decision of the consumer. Meat flavor is characteristic of volatiles produced as a result of reactions of non-volatile components that are induced thermally. The water soluble compounds having low molecular weight and meat lipids are important precursors of cooked meat flavor. The Maillard reaction, lipid oxidation, and vitamin degradation are leading reactions during cooking which develop meat flavor from uncooked meat with little aroma and bloody taste. The pre-slaughter and postmortem factors like animal breed, sex, age, feed, aging and cooking conditions contribute to flavor development of cooked meat. The objective of this review is to highlight the flavor chemistry, meat flavor precursors and factors affecting meat flavor precursors. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.N
An analytical study of the theatre of the Syrian playwright Saadallah Wannous, with particular emphasis on the plays written after the 1967 war
Get PDFThis study is an examination of the life and work of
the Syrian dramatist Saadallah Wannous (1941-1997). Wannous's name is virtually unknown in the West; only two academic studies of any significance have appeared in English on this eminent and challenging writer, who was honoured by UNESCO at the end of his life. Even in the Arab world his standing rests largely upon his celebrity as a cultural icon, since professional performances of his plays are rare due to the decline of the theatre in the region, and little attention has been devoted to theatre studies by Arab academics. The two studies in English do not attempt to be comprehensive but focus on particular stages of Wannous's career. This study is, therefore, the first to encompass the full range of Wannous's work. To do so it combines an account of his life which seeks to comprehend the various forces that shaped his thinking with an analysis of his dramatic works. The study concentrates on the plays written in the years following the trauma inflicted on the Arab world by the catastrophe of their
defeat in the Arab-Israeli war of June, 1967. Wannous's career can be divided into three phases: the immature plays of his young manhood which are influenced by European models and generally focus on the social condition of the individual; his middle period - the `theatre of politicisation', when his Marxist politics were the main
factor shaping his drama; and his late works, which are characterised by an extraordinary freedom of thought and expression. The introduction places Wannous in his historical and sociocultural context and provides a brief background explaining the literary and theatrical traditions of the Arab world that influenced his activity as a dramatist. Each phase is then examined in turn and the plays are analysed in accordance with the focus of the study. This means that emphasis is given to the middle period,
but no significant work is neglected. The study aims to trace the trajectory of Wannous's development using a
variety of sources: the plays themselves, Wannous's own journalism and critical writings, interviews with his widow, his friends and colleagues, and numerous
journals, books and articles, some of which contain
important interviews with Wannous that shed light on his thought and ways of working. Use is also made of the
two studies mentioned above. The study shows that Wannous's theatre was influenced by the key political, social and cultural developments of his time, and that he
constantly sought to find forms that would express those transformations in dramatic terms
Effect of β-Mannanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Ileal Digestibility, Carcass Traits, Intestinal Morphology, and Meat Quality in Broilers Fed Low-ME Diets
No full textSIMPLE SUMMARY: β-mannans, an example of non-starch polysaccharides, is one of the important anti-nutritional factors found in many leguminous feedstuffs used as raw material in poultry feed formulation. β-mannans bind to nutrients, reduce their bioavailability, and also increase the viscosity of intestinal digesta, which prevents the proper mixing of enzymes with digesta and affects the digestibility of nutrients. All these conditions ultimately reduce the growth performance of poultry birds. So, the objective of present study was to lower the effect of β-mannans by using β-mannanase in broiler diets. Results suggested that β-mannanase supplementation improved the intestinal morphology, which helped to increase the dry matter and crude fiber digestibility in broilers fed low energy diets. In addition, growth performance of broilers was not affected by reducing dietary energy levels with added β-mannanase than the Control group. Similarly, carcass traits were not affected by decreasing dietary energy levels with supplementation of β-mannanase. In conclusion, it could be stated that a low caloric diet with added β-mannanase had no negative effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics; however, it improved the dry matter and crude fiber digestibility. ABSTRACT: Experiment was designed to analyze the effect of low caloric diets, supplemented with β-mannanase on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and other parameters in broilers. In this study, 400 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatments (Cont: without β-mannanase; LM-30, MM-60, and HM-90: supplemented with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg β-mannanase, respectively). Dietary metabolizable energy (ME) in Cont was standard (starter diet 3100 kcal/kg; finisher diet 3200 kcal/kg) and reduced by 30, 60, and 90 kcal/kg, correspondingly in β-mannanase-supplemented treatments. The results exhibited that growth performance was not affected by reducing dietary energy levels with supplementation of β-mannanase. Ileal digestibility of DM and CF was improved (p < 0.01) by supplementation of β-mannanase at low dietary ME levels. Concerning carcass traits, the relative weight of breast meat, drumstick, and abdominal fat increased (p < 0.05) with β-mannanase supplementation in low-ME diets. Treatment HM-90 showed significantly (p < 0.05) better results regarding villus height and VH:CD. It could be concluded from the present results that supplementation of β-mannanase could improve the nutrient digestibility so that it is possible to reduce the dietary energy level without compromising production performance, carcass trails, and meat quality in broilers
Sectarian influences within Islam in Britain with special reference to community
Get PDFAlthough much is heard from the Media of the Muslim `community' in Britain, the latter is in fact far from presenting a united front. There are divisions between
generations and ethnic origins, and a diversity of religious practice and doctrine. There are many different religious groups at work that originate from the subcontinent, and reflect this wide range. Organisations like Young Muslims UK, Tabligh-i Jamaat, and schools of thought represented by the Deobandis and Barehvis,
to name but four, play a vital role in the life of many Muslims. They both link them back to their roots in the subcontinent and influence the direction that Islam will take in Britain.
The Muslim population in Britain is approaching two million. It is involved in a process of redefining itself as a minority in an alien culture. For the older generation
the conflict has been cultural, their own ethnicity being under seige from the values of the receiving culture. Islam becomes an important ally of ethnic identity. For many
Muslims born in Britain, however, the process is more complex. Their parents' values can seem as strange, or even stranger, than the values of the receiving culture. For
this increasing percentage of the population, their religion can offer an identity. Stimulated by Islam's global revival and the West's reaction to it, some Muslims are attempting to discover a faith stripped of cultural accretions which are considered to be unlslamic. In the process they hope to find the universal Islam which can be practised in any environment. They feel that this is the key to establishing a successful British Islamic community.
The ideal of ammah has always been central in Islam, but now becomes an important concept in the development of Islam in Britain. There are several questions to
be considered: To what degree does an unmrah exist? What is its form? How is it likely to change? What effect will it have on the development of Muslims seeking a more localised identity in Britain? Within this context, what will be the effect of the various organisations and schools of thought at work amongst Muslims? To what degree will they shape the development of Islam in Britain? Are they free from
'cultural accretion' or are they firmly rooted in idiosyncratic local expressions of the faith? Will Islam in Britain be moderate, or strongly revivalist in nature under their influence? Are they unifying or divisive forces? Can they hope to resolve traditional differences and work together in the new environment of Britain?
In spite of the increasing interest in the Muslim presence in Britain, very few
major works have looked at the influence of these various groups in the context of these questions. I know for myself that I could have used this kind of study when working for my M. A. in Religious Studies, and I know of many students in the same position. I feel that this study will therefore contribute not only to the study of Islam but also to the study of the various minority faiths found in Britain
Application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the identification of wheat varieties
No full text- …
