50 research outputs found
Failure of society and revenge of its member / Muhammad Danyal Khan
Get PDFMan is a being with feelings which are controlled by the external environment. Born in society, man is in chains of rights and duties. Being part of the society, humans perform their duties for the welfare of society and what they get back in the shape of right is protection from the society in rem. Now, the act of ending one’s life is deemed as coward act of a person but if we look the idea of suicide in the prism of social contract, it bears different rationale. The duty of a human to become the beneficial part of society is correlated by the right of protection of human. This protection can be in the shape of economy, security and other social needs etc. In my point of view, suicide is nothing but the failure of providence of right to the person committing suicide. It is a revenge taken by the suicide committing person from the society when it fails to perform its function to protect its part in one way or another. So, the person committing suicide makes the mind that if the society does not pays back his welfare against his or her positive part played in society than it should suffer in the shape of his absence from the society. Suicide is not only a cowardice act of a person but also is failure of society at large. This paper will make the sense of suicide in the wake of society’s duty to provide a shelter to its member. Relation of society with its member in the shape of human will be studied and special focus will be given to situation in Pakistan
Access to COVID-19 vaccination for transgender community in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
No full textGiven the discrimination, harassment, and lack of adequate healthcare facilities, the transgender community members find it hard to access the COVID-19 vaccination. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the disparities in access to healthcare for the transgender community. In November 2020, on the topic of ‘COVID-19 and Disaster Vulnerability in Pakistan: A Human Rights Based Analysis’, a co-published report from the UNDP and Ministry of Human Rights Pakistan, reflected concerns on the challenges of access to healthcare for the transgender community in Pakistan. The report demanded the government to amplify its response to further protect the transgender community. In this paper, I aim at developing a theoretical framework for providing indiscriminate access to the COVID-19 vaccination for the transgender community as a part of right to health by reporting the first-hand knowledge about the challenges of access to vaccination facilities using qualitative research methods
International Human Rights and Access to Medicines
Get PDFThis thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University LondonThe issue of access to medicines has been widely discussed under the international human rights law regarding patients without medicines. Through critical analysis of relevant documentary material of the international human rights law, this thesis examines the status of access to medicines as a human right. To explore the status of access to medicines as a human right, this study examines the available sources of international human rights law. Benefiting from the indivisibility of human rights, the study presents the scope of interpreting access to medicines as a human right under the right to life and health. The thesis argues for the status of access to medicines as a human right instead of considering it a mere ethical or moral demand.
The recent outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is not only a test for human advancement in medical sciences but is also a reality-check for human rights in general and access to medicines in particular. The study systematically argues that treating the issue of access to medicines as an ethical or moral demand, instead of treating it as a human right, has affected the response to pandemics and epidemics. The Access to Medicines Index Report 2018 concludes that almost 2 billion people face several issues accessing the required medicines. The deprivation causes pain, fear, and violation of human right to life and health. To establish access to medicines as a human right, it is imperative to develop the human rights framework for access to medicines under the international human rights law. The arguments will progressively analyse the status of access to medicines as a human right. For developing the human rights framework, the study will analyse the norm-creation process of the international human rights law, the status of access to medicines as a legal norm, the obligations of state parties, limitations to recognise and enforce access to medicines as a legal norm, and the ways to elevate the standing of access to medicines as a human right
Cyber Bullying in Pakistan: Statistical, Legislative, and Social Analysis
No full textPresent study focuses female Lawyers, a community considered vigilant over their rights, suffering from cyber bullying within their professional lives at bar and chamber practice. This silent impact of cyber-bullying discourages young female lawyers to continue their profession leaving significant gender disparity (Siddique, 2013). Half of the participants tried to keep their encounters with bullying secret and did not seek legal remedy out of morality and defamation both at family and peer-groups. Furthermore, the findings of this study demonstrated that young female lawyers do not trust operation of legal system in remedying their grievance. It is also significant that some of female lawyers did not know about current legal framework on cyber harassment. This paper will deal the issue of cyber-bullying related to young female lawyers at three levels; statistical, legislative, and social awareness.</jats:p
Redefining the Interaction Between Patents and Access to Medicines; Will World Trade Organisation (WTO) show Solidarity by Accommodating Human Rights?
No full textThe recent outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) has exposed the failure of expensive and inefficient use of enforcing patents on drugs and vaccines. Keeping in mind the anticipated invention of vaccines to treat COVID-19, the article argues that patent enforcement under the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property 1994 (TRIPS Agreement) must be interpreted consistent with access to medicines related human rights obligations. To patents with access to medicines related human rights, the study argues that the interpretation of patent standards must follow the principle of ‘good faith’ in relation to protect access to medicines. Through critical analysis of related documentary material, the paper critically analyses the provisions of the TRIPS Agreement, public health ideals found in the Doha Declaration, Vienna Convention on Law of Treaties (VCLT), and recent interpretative trends of dispute resolution in the WTO to establish a harmonious interpretative framework for patents and access to medicines. The study will divide mainly into two parts. The first part will analyse the access to medicines related human rights obligations. After setting the framework for access to medicines, the second part will examine the way of creating space for access to medicines in the WTO framework of patents enforcement
Predictive modeling of COVID-19 death cases in Pakistan
Get PDFAbstract
Background
The world is presently facing the challenges posed by COVID-19 (2019-nCoV), especially in the public health sector, and these challenges are dangerous to both health and life. The disease results in an acute respiratory infection that may result in pain and death. In Pakistan, the disease curve shows a vertical trend by almost 256K established cases of the diseases and 6035 documented death cases till August 5, 2020.
Objective
The primary purpose of this study is to provide the statistical model to predict the trend of COVID-19 death cases in Pakistan. The age and gender of COVID-19 victims were represented using a descriptive study.
Method
ology: Three regression models, which include Linear, logarithmic, and quadratic, were employed in this study for the modelling of COVID-19 death cases in Pakistan. These three models were compared based on R2, Adjusted R2, AIC, and BIC criterions. The data utilized for the modelling was obtained from the National Institute of Health of Pakistan from February 26, 2020 to August 5, 2020.
Conclusion
The finding deduced after the prediction modelling is that the rate of mortality would decrease by the end of October. The total number of deaths will reach its maximum point; then, it will gradually decrease. This indicates that the curve of total deaths will continue to be flat, i.e., it will shift to be constant, which is also the upper bound of the underlying function of absolute death
Towards Creating Synergy for the realisation of Right to Health in International Human Rights and Shariah
No full textIn most of the literature on international human rights in Muslim states, Shariah principles are interpreted in a way to limit the scope of human rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and non-discrimination. In this paper, I want to argue that Shariah principles can be used to enhance the Muslim states’ obligations related to the right to health. After exploring the health-related emphasis in the primary sources of Shariah, I argue that the obligations of Muslim states to the right to health are dual, as parties to the International Bill of Rights and Shariah status in Muslim constitutionalism. I will set a theoretical framework for bridging international human rights with Shariah where synergy is possibl
Toward creating equity in access to COVID-19 vaccination for female population in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
No full textThe researchers examined the access to the COVID-19 vaccine among 32 females in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. The aim of the study is to access the independence of decision-making among female participants to vaccinate themselves against the COVID-19. Participants of the study belong to Multan, a city of Southern Punjab. The researchers adopt a qualitative research design, using in-depth interviews, repeated open-ended questions, and local languages. Among general conclusions of this study are, female dependence on male members to get the vaccination, limited control on deciding the need for vaccination, and patriarchal decision to vaccinate the family. The aim of the researchers is to contribute toward an effective COVID-19 vaccination campaign by minimizing discrimination against women in accessing the vaccine
Folio
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Online dispute resolution in Pakistan: Challenges and opportunities
Get PDFThis paper aims at exploring the legal and technical challenges that would not allow the use of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) for disputes in Pakistan. It uses the doctrinal legal analysis methodology by asking ‘what the law states about the ODR in Pakistan?’ to enrich the subject matter of the ODR and cover all perspectives, issues, features, and the most current advancements in the area of ODR and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in Pakistan. Currently, there is no applicable national or international law in Pakistan mainly regulating ODR. Therefore, at this stage, this article analyses the existing rules such as Recognition and Enforcement (Arbitration Agreements and Foreign Arbitral Awards) Act 2011 and Alternative Dispute Resolution Act 2017 to examine whether they apply to ODR. Along with exploring the nature of existing legal framework on the ADR and ODR, this paper develops a theoretical framework that application of ODR standards, in a substernal manner, depends on its socio-cultural acceptance.
Keywords: Access to Justice, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Consumer Disputes, Online Dispute Resolutio
