1,503 research outputs found
THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF ARABIC SUFFIX PRONOUN HA IN SURAH AL-SYAMSU BY ABDULLAH YUSUF ALI; TAHEREH SAFFARZADEH; AND BY MUHAMMAD TAQIUDIN AL-HILALI AND MUHAMMAD MUHSIN KHAN
No full textThis paper discusses the English translation of Arabic suffix pronoun ha in surah al-Syamsu by Abdullah Yusuf Ali; Tahereh Saffarzadeh; and by Muhammad Taqiudin Al-Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan. There are two research questions in this research: (1) how are suffix pronoun ha in surah al- Syamsu translated into English by Abdullah Yusuf Ali; Tahrerh Saffarzadeh; Muhammad Taqiudin Al-Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan, and (2) what equivalence is used in the translation of suffix pronoun ha in surah al-Syamsu of Abdullah Yusuf Ali; Tahereh Saffarzadeh; Muhammad Taqiudin Al-Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan according Nida and Taber theory. The method used in this research is qualitative research. The theory of Arabic suffix pronoun ha is used to collect the data and identify the meaning of SL. This research also uses the theory of word classes by Quirk to explain the TL. Equivalence theory by Nida and Taber is used in in this research to identify the type of equivalence that translators adopt in translating suffix pronoun ha into English. The suffix pronoun ha in surah al-Syamsu are translated in various sense by their translations. There are 18 suffix pronoun ha found in surah al -Syamsu those are translated similarly and differently by Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Tahereh Saffarzadeh, Muhammad Taqiuddin Al-Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan. The suffix pronoun ha in Arabic are translated into English pronoun, noun, and adverb. In Ali’s translation, all of suffix pronoun ha is translated into pronoun. In Tahereh’s translation, suffix pronoun ha are translated into pronoun in 17 cases and noun in one case. Then in Muhammad Taqiudin Al-Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan’s translations, suffix pronoun ha are translated into pronoun in 17 case and adverb in one case
The application of Shari’ah and international human rights law in Saudi Arabia
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel UniversityThe present dissertation provides an analytical and comparative study of the application of Islamic law (Shari’ah) and international human rights law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It provides an analysis of the sources of Islamic law as well as the sources of international law to set the background for analysis and defines the nature of both laws. It also tackles the subject of the domestic application of international human treaties in Saudi Arabia.
In addition, it examines some reservations Saudi Arabia has entered to some of the international human rights treaties it has ratified, specifically the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). It also sheds some light on the political, cultural and religious obstacles to the realisation of norms protected by international human rights treaties in the country, and in other countries for that matter, clearly stating the impossibility of implementing the provisions of the international human rights treaties in their entirety. This is due to the various political and legal developments towards the internationalization of the concept of human rights. It observes that despite the existence of the international human rights treaties, which aim at reinforcing a universal realisation of international human rights, these rights cannot be possibly realised by all countries.
To stress the importance Saudi Arabia attaches to the issue of human rights, the dissertation discusses some rights of women before Saudi courts in family matters, an issue which has been criticised by some international human rights treaties, and examines to what extent the country has managed to tackle the issue of domestic violence, particularly violence against women. It provides an overview of the major causes of domestic violence against women in Saudi Arabia, presents some cases of domestic violence before Saudi courts and sheds some light on the measures taken by the Saudi government to combat domestic violence against women. It also tackles this issue both in the international and domestic legal frameworks, clearly stating the Islamic standpoint on the issue, namely that Islamic law, and Saudi Arabia for that matter, whose laws are essentially derived from the two main sources of Shari’ah. It also discusses the common forms of violence against women in Saudi Arabia and suggests a number of recommendations towards more effective protection of women against violence in the country.
The dissertation concludes by presenting a number of obstacles in the way of executing judicial decisions in the Kingdom as well as the obstacles which negatively affect the performance of the new code of law practice. It also presents some recommendations concerning personal status law obstacles and hindrances to progress and attempts to answer the research questions it has posed
Astrology in literature: how the prohibited became permissible in the Arabic poetry of the mediaeval period
No full textThis thesis is concerned to position the art of astrology within the context of classical Arabic poetry, primarily by investigating and elucidating attitudes to the notion of
qadar (fate) and the ideology in which it was embedded. These attitudes were revelatory of the broader world view of the Arabs of those periods, and their shifts from those held in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras tell us a good deal about the importance given to the nature and role of fate and about the various understandings of its influence. The pre-Islamic Arab's notion of qadar was in some ways similar to that of the early Muslims: both emphasised predetermination and the irresistible power of fate. But while the jahilf (Pre-Islamic) Arabs identified fate with the malign power of dahr (Time), the Muslims believed the power of fate lies in the hands of God the
Omnipotent, who alone is responsible for the fate of the whole universe. Thus the astrology of the pre-Islamic era was one aspect of divination (kihana) and claimed to be
able to reveal in advance an individual's destiny, which could be avoided by taking certain precautions. These precautions, however, were considered effective only in
relatively trivial cases; they were useless in the areas of major impact: a person's happiness or misery (shaqiiwa aw sa ada), sustenance (rizq) and one's term (ajal), the
three inevitable and irresistible manifestations of fate. In the Islamic period not only these major aspects of life are governed and controlled by the Omnipotent; the destiny
of the universe, in even its most minute details, is determined and controlled by God alone. Astrology was considered to be of no value whatsoever, and its practitioners were subject to the death penalty. These two irreconcilable views are evident in early Islamic poetry, which reflected clearly the response of poets, and society, to astrology from the perspective of qadar.
When the orthodox caliphate was replaced by dynastic rule the status of astrology was changed dramatically. The idea that the stars, as indicators, play a role in the life of
human beings found popowerful supporters in some governors of the Islamic world, who allowed astrology to fulfil a public function regardless of the hostility of the official
religion of that society. This social phenomenon generated rich material of a controversial character in the realm of literature. Investigating the factors, motivations
and impact of mediaeval political, theological and philosophical attitudes to astrology, in relation to the notions of free will and predestination, is the concern of this study
The new year's festivals and the shrine of Ali Ibn Abi Talib Sy Mazar-I-Sharif, Afghanistan
No full textThis study examines the customs and origins of three spring festivals at the shrine of 'Ali b. Abi Talib, Mazar-i Sharif, Afghanistan; namely Nauroz, Janda Bala and Gul-i Surkh. Since these festivals are not part of the Islamic religious calendar, we seek to locate their origins in the pre-Islamic religions of Iran and record the contemporary traditions of these festivals. Since the festivals are assimilated to a shrine dedicated to the fourth Caliph of
Sunni Islam, we examine the processes which gave rise to this juxtaposition and how it came about that this shrine came to be considered a rival to Najaf.
The Sa1juq and Timurid discovery narratives are examined (Chapters 1-2) in their wider religious and cultural context, followed by an examination of Afghan folklore related to Nauroz and the pre-Islamic religious traditions of Bactria (Chapters 3-4). We conclude that an important impetus for the founding of this shrine is the fact that, until the arrival of Islam, Bactra had been the paramount pilgrimage and cult centre of the region. Over the millennia, whilst the dominant religious tradition had changed, Bactra adapted to such ideological fluctuations in order to maintain its dominance of the. lucrative pilgrimage
traffic. Marginalised by Islam, whose heroes and foci of pilgrimage lay in the Arab world, the alleged discovery of the body of Hazrat 'Ali at the site, provided an acceptable Islamic framework for the revival, or continuation, of indigenous Bactrian New Year customs.
Our examination of Gul-i Surkh, or 'Red Rose', festival (chapters 5-6) finds a parallel in the Annenian Vardavar festival. Originally this festival appears to have been derived from a blending of Iranian and Babylonian religion in Bactria, namely the cults of Anahita, Adonistrammuz and custoins associated with the Iranian hero, Siyawush. Janda Bala (Chapter 7), on the other hand, appears to be rooted in ancient Vedic and Shamanistic tradition. All three festivals, though, we argue, also represent different aspects of ancient Indo-Aryan and Babylonian fertility rites connected with the spring and vernal equinox
Fort William College\u27s Transformative Influence on Urdu Prose Literature
No full textThis research delves into the roots of Urdu prose, identifying significant influences from Sufi traditions and tracing the evolution through key figures such as Banda Nawaz Gesu Daraz, Syed Muhammad Abdullah, Shah Mereji, Burhan-ud-din Janam, Mulla Wajhi, Meeran Ji Hussain Khudanama, and others. The study extends to the Deccan region, highlighting the contributions of Afzal Ali Fazli and Avi Khan. Mirza Ghalib\u27s role in shaping simple and conversational prose is acknowledged, while Fort William College\u27s emphasis on public expression is explored. Notable figures like Meer Amman, Mir Shairr Ali Afsoos, Hydar Bakhsh Hydari, Mirza Kazem Ali Khan Jawan, Lalu Lal Ji, Bahal Chand, Ikram Ali, Madari Lal Gujarati, and Syed Muhammad Matro are recognized for their remarkable contributions and standard books in Urdu and Hindi Prose. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary journey of Urdu prose, with a focus on Fort William College\u27s significant role.
 
The lime: botany, production and uses/ edited by M. Mumtaz Khan, Rashid Al-Yahyai, and Fahad Al-Said
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and indexThis book is the most recent collection of research and scientific literature exclusively dedicated to lime (Rutaceae) culture and the marketplace. The coverage of each subject area is broad, ranging from basic cultivation practices to postharvest handling to uses, which makes it the best choice for amateurs and professionals alike. Chapter 1 emphasizes lime importance and global production, while chapter 2 covers its comprehensive systematic classification and distribution. In chapter 3, lime breeding, genetics and biodiversity are discussed; and in chapter 4, lime tree growth, development and reproductive physiology are elaborated. In chapter 5, propagation techniques, nursery production and certification are explained, while in chapter 6, schematic planning for lime orchard establishment is discussed. In chapter 7, crop water requirements, irrigation systems and fertigation are highlighted; and in chapter 8, cultural practices, e.g. tree pruning, thinning, weeding, planting density and intercropping, are covered. In chapter 9, precision agriculture in lime is elaborated; and in chapter 10, insect pests and diseases and their control measures are covered. In chapter 11, innovative production technologies, e.g. the use of plant growth regulators, remote sensing and organic production systems, are highlighted. In Chapter 12, harvesting and postharvest management of lime fruit are emphasized; and in chapter 13, the uses (folk to modern) and future dynamics are discussed in depth. With the latest information presented in simple language, this book will appeal to a range of principal users, e.g. educators, researchers, students, agriculture extension workers, farming communities, industry personnel and professionals/practitionersIntroduction and Overview of Lime / M. Mumtaz Khan, Rashid Al-Yahyai and Fahad Al-Said -- Systematic Classification, Distribution and Botany / Chandrika Ramadugu, Muhammad F. Razi, Manjunath L. Keremane, Rainer W. Scora and Mikeal L. Roose -- Advances in Lime Breeding and Genetics / Muhammad Amjad Ali and Muhammad Azher Nawaz -- Growth, Development and Reproductive Physiology of the Mexican Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Christm (Swingle)) / G. Almaguer-Vargas, S.R. Mr̀quez-Berber, V. Gonzl̀ez-Hernǹdez, N. Cruz-Huerta and I. Ramr̕ez-Ramr̕ez -- Propagation and Nursery Certification / Muhammad Azher Nawaz, Yong-Zhong Liu, M. Mumtaz Khan and Waqar Ahmed -- Planning and Orchard Establishment / Muhammad Usman and M. Mumtaz Khan -- Irrigation and Fertilization Management in Lime Trees / Francisco Garca̕-Sǹchez, Silvia Simn̤-Grao, Vicente Gimeno, Juan Jos ̌Martn̕ez-Nicols̀ and A.K. Srivastava -- Cultural Practices / Dalmo Lopes de Siqueira, Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomô and Cšar Fernandes Aquino -- Precision Agriculture in Lime: Potential for Application of Precision Agriculture Technologies in Lime Cropping Systems / Aitazaz A. Farooque, Qamar U. Zaman, Arnold W. Schumann and Travis J. Esau -- Plant Protection: Lime Diseases and Insect Pests / A.M. Al-Sadi, Renan B. Queiroz, Philip Donkersley, A. Nasehi and Simon L. Elliot -- Innovative Production Technologies / Muhammad Fakhar-ud-Din Razi, Rhonda Janke, Muhammad Mumtaz Khan and Um-e-Ammara -- Harvesting and Post-harvest Management / Ahmad Sattar Khan and Zora Singh -- Traditional/Commercial Uses and Future Dynamics / M. Asif Hanif, Smitha Padmanabhan, Mostafa Waly and Ahmed Al-Maskari1 online resource
Polybenzimidazole-1D interconnected carbon framework decorated with nickel manganese oxide nanoparticles for hybrid supercapacitors
No full textThis study explores the synthesis and characterization of a ternary nanocomposite made up of nickel manganese oxide (NMO), polybenzimidazole (pBIM), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for supercapacitor applications. Material characterizations confirm the structural integrity and uniformity of the synthesized components, which highlight their potential for stable performance. Through comprehensive electrochemical evaluations using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the NMO-pBIM-MWCNT ternary nanocomposite shows exceptional specific capacitance, energy density, and power density due to the synergistic effects among its components. The hybrid electrode achieves a maximum specific capacitance of 1766 Fg−1 and an energy density of 62 Wh kg−1. The fabricated symmetric supercapacitor device demonstrates a specific capacitance of 378.9 F g−1, an energy density of 36.4 Wh kg−1, and a power density of 171.5 W kg−1 at a current density of 0.1 Ag−1. We also investigate practical applications of the flexible supercapacitor device, showcasing its potential to power various loads with LED arrays. This study advances supercapacitor technology and highlights the versatility of ternary nanocomposites in meeting the evolving demands for energy storage
An analytical study of the theatre of the Syrian playwright Saadallah Wannous, with particular emphasis on the plays written after the 1967 war
No full textThis study is an examination of the life and work of
the Syrian dramatist Saadallah Wannous (1941-1997). Wannous's name is virtually unknown in the West; only two academic studies of any significance have appeared in English on this eminent and challenging writer, who was honoured by UNESCO at the end of his life. Even in the Arab world his standing rests largely upon his celebrity as a cultural icon, since professional performances of his plays are rare due to the decline of the theatre in the region, and little attention has been devoted to theatre studies by Arab academics. The two studies in English do not attempt to be comprehensive but focus on particular stages of Wannous's career. This study is, therefore, the first to encompass the full range of Wannous's work. To do so it combines an account of his life which seeks to comprehend the various forces that shaped his thinking with an analysis of his dramatic works. The study concentrates on the plays written in the years following the trauma inflicted on the Arab world by the catastrophe of their
defeat in the Arab-Israeli war of June, 1967. Wannous's career can be divided into three phases: the immature plays of his young manhood which are influenced by European models and generally focus on the social condition of the individual; his middle period - the `theatre of politicisation', when his Marxist politics were the main
factor shaping his drama; and his late works, which are characterised by an extraordinary freedom of thought and expression. The introduction places Wannous in his historical and sociocultural context and provides a brief background explaining the literary and theatrical traditions of the Arab world that influenced his activity as a dramatist. Each phase is then examined in turn and the plays are analysed in accordance with the focus of the study. This means that emphasis is given to the middle period,
but no significant work is neglected. The study aims to trace the trajectory of Wannous's development using a
variety of sources: the plays themselves, Wannous's own journalism and critical writings, interviews with his widow, his friends and colleagues, and numerous
journals, books and articles, some of which contain
important interviews with Wannous that shed light on his thought and ways of working. Use is also made of the
two studies mentioned above. The study shows that Wannous's theatre was influenced by the key political, social and cultural developments of his time, and that he
constantly sought to find forms that would express those transformations in dramatic terms
Collected Papers (on Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Issues, Decision Making, Economics, Statistics), Volume XI
No full textThis eleventh volume of Collected Papers includes 90 papers comprising 988 pages on Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Issues, Decision Making, Economics, Statistics, written between 2001-2022 by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 84 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 19 countries: Abhijit Saha, Abu Sufian, Jack Allen, Shahbaz Ali, Ali Safaa Sadiq, Aliya Fahmi, Atiqa Fakhar, Atiqa Firdous, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Robert N. Boyd, Victor Chang, Victor Christianto, V. Christy, Dao The Son, Debjit Dutta, Azeddine Elhassouny, Fazal Ghani, Fazli Amin, Anirudha Ghosha, Nasruddin Hassan, Hoang Viet Long, Jhulaneswar Baidya, Jin Kim, Jun Ye, Darjan Karabašević, Vasilios N. Katsikis, Ieva Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė, F. Kaymarm, Nour Eldeen M. Khalifa, Madad Khan, Qaisar Khan, M. Khoshnevisan, Kifayat Ullah,, Volodymyr Krasnoholovets, Mukesh Kumar, Le Hoang Son, Luong Thi Hong Lan, Tahir Mahmood, Mahmoud Ismail, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Siti Nurul Fitriah Mohamad, Mohamed Loey, Mai Mohamed, K. Mohana, Kalyan Mondal, Muhammad Gulfam, Muhammad Khalid Mahmood, Muhammad Jamil, Muhammad Yaqub Khan, Muhammad Riaz, Nguyen Dinh Hoa, Cu Nguyen Giap, Nguyen Tho Thong, Peide Liu, Pham Huy Thong, Gabrijela Popović, Surapati Pramanik, Dmitri Rabounski, Roslan Hasni, Rumi Roy, Tapan Kumar Roy, Said Broumi, Saleem Abdullah, Muzafer Saračević, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Shariful Alam, Shyamal Dalapati, Housila P. Singh, R. Singh, Rajesh Singh, Predrag S. Stanimirović, Kasan Susilo, Dragiša Stanujkić, Alexandra Şandru, Ovidiu Ilie Şandru, Zenonas Turskis, Yunita Umniyati, Alptekin Ulutaș, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vázquez, Binyamin Yusoff, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Zhao Loon Wang.
Intellectual property laws and Islam in Malaysia.
No full textPhDThis study is undertaken on the premise that Islam and Islamic law is to be taken into
serious consideration in any future legislative reform of laws in Malaysia. Islam being
the religion of the country and the strong religious sentiment of the Muslims (who
form the majority in Malaysia) cannot be overlooked or dismissed lightly by the
legislators in Malaysia. Reformation of intellectual property laws is timely, as we are
now approaching to the dateline set by GATF-Trips agreement which aim is to
improve our standard of intellectual property protection. This study seeks to analyze
and evaluate the current legislation pertaining to intellectual property in Malaysia in
terms of the philosophy and rules governing the existence, ownership and exercise of
these rights and their consistency and inconsistency with Islam and Islamic law. The
main objective of this study is to prove that a coherent and logical conceptual
framework of ownership of intellectual property can be derived from an Islamic
perspective which not only offers the basis of rights but also defines the scope of
these rights. From the point of ownership of rights, support can be obtained from the
normative framework of property rights within the traditional classification of 'mal'
(property) and 'haqq al-milkiyyah' (ownership rights) under Islamic law. From the
point of exercise of rights, the exact scope can be defined from the analysis of
fundamental concepts which have been developed by Muslim jurists. It has been
established that Islam and Islamic law offers a sound and systematic paradigm, which
in deeper analysis, can satisfy both our current obligations under international
treatises, as well as our responsibility to practise our religion to the fullest
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