1,721,359 research outputs found
Maulānā Kamāl al-Dīn Chishtī
No full textKhan, Muhammad Ismail, Maulānā Kamāl al-Dīn Chishtī (Dhar, 1945
Conversion of African Americans to Islam : a sociological analysis of the Nation of Islam and associated groups
Full text link'Conversion of African Americans to Islam: A Sociological Analysis of the Nation of
Islam Associated groups' is an empirical study of the religious experience of people
who had/have distinctive features in terms of race, ethnicity and historical experience.
The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how African Americans' (AAs) conversion
experience in general, and the Nation of Islam associated groups' conversion in
particular, differ from the studies of recruitment and conversion in the sociology of
religion and New Religion Movements (NRMs). More specifically, their recruitment
and conversion experiences to Islam diverge from those who converted to mainstream
Islam. The study investigates how AAs' historical experience, soci-economic
difficulties and the racism they encountered shaped and influenced their religious
understanding.
Research methods involved participant observations, a survey questionnaire, interviews,
conversations, personal communications and correspondence. To collect ethnographic
data eleven months field research was conducted mainly in the Chicago area and on two
short visits to Detroit, and three years continued communications with Muslim officials
and academics in the area. During the field research and afterwards through personal
communication 181 survey questionnaire responses were received, and 23 Muslim
officials, academics and ordinary Muslims were interviewed through semi-structured,
unstructured interviews, conversation and correspondence.
The thesis begins with a brief history of Islam and Muslims in general and the African
American Muslims (AAMs) in particular. More emphasis is given on the historical
development of the Nation of Islam (NOl). Then in Chapter III, discussions of schisms
in the history of the NOT are examined from sociological perspectives of social and
religious movements. In Chapter IV I aimed to formulate my own perspective to
analyse and study the conversion experiences of AAMs to Islam. I used a multivariate
approach, considering selectively widely held conversion and recruitment theories in the
sociology of the religion. I consider in Chapter V the predisposing conditions for AAMs
that influence their decision-making to join in the NOT, for example, political and
nationalistic sentiments and socio-economic deprivations. In Chapter VI I have applied
different terms to describe their religious experiences, such as conversion, alteration and
reversion. I have analysed further their encounters with the NOT, the methods of
recruitment they used and their major motives for joining the NOT and converting to
Tslam. In the concluding chapters (Chapter VII VTTT) I describe the different responses
of AAMS to Islam following the death of Elijah Muhammad. It is found out that the
Islamic appeal has polarised. While Farakhan's NOT appeared to continue the tradition
and style of the old NOI with the emphasis on nationalistic and socio-economic factors,
Tmam W. D. Mohammed's community turned more to the religious and spiritual aspects
of Tslam. These different approaches led to a polarisation of the appeal of Tslam to
AAMS.
This thesis contributes to knowledge in four key areas; the sociology of religion and
religious movements, the sociology of social and nationalistic movements, religious and
Islamic studies
Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus 1758
No full textCoccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus, 1758 (Fig. 2A–E) Material Examined. [SINDH], 16, 6♀, Tandojam, 24. VI.1971, leg. M.I. Khan; 56, 7♀, Larkana 30. VI.1971, leg. M.I. Khan; 56, 7♀, Mirpur Khas, 20. VI.1971, leg. M. Khan; 9♀, Thatta, 30.IV.1971, leg. M.I. Khan; 56, 10♀, Hyderabad, 10. III. 2010, leg. M. Ali (NHMUK). Diagnosis. Body black, head black with a small, rounded, whitish spot near each eye; pronotum black with an elongated, whitish spot on each anterior angle; elytra with 11 spots (Fig. 2A), each elytron with a common large, pentagonal scutellar spot plus one small, oval humeral spot, two slightly tetragonal sublateral spots, and two subsutural spots, anterior subsutural spot larger, oval, while posterior one small, elongate-oval. Length 4.5–5.5 mm; width 2.7–4.1 mm; body elongate oval. Eyes large with minute facets; anterior margin of ligula slightly pointed; submentum comparatively larger with narrow anterior margin. Prosternal process with much elevated, short, narrow carinae; scuto-scutellar suture semicircular, broad; epipleuron with inner margin medially concave, slightly broader anteriorly, narrowing posteriorly. Postcoxal line deeply curving, meeting posterior margin of first sternite medially; depression on terminal sternite in male surrounded by setae. Genitalia. Penis slightly curved, distally bifid; penal capsule flattened; median lobe shorter than parameres, thickened, tapering apically; parameres narrow,short; trabes short, straight, with margins folded (Fig. 2A–B). Genital plates somewhat quadrangular; lateral plates slightly curved mesad; spermathecal capsule broadly curved, cornu deeply sharped while ramus longer, nodulus very small (Fig. 2C–D). Distribution in Sindh Province. Tandojam, Hyderabad, Sukkar, Mirpur Khas, and Thatta.Published as part of Ali, Muhammad, Raza, Ghulam, Ali, Shaukat, Anjum, Syed Istiaq & Hussain, Ishtiaq, 2018, The Tribe Coccinellini Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Sindh, Pakistan, pp. 629-638 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 72 (3) on pages 631-632, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-72.3.629, http://zenodo.org/record/483683
Micraspis allardi
No full textMicraspis allardi (Mulsant, 1866) (Fig. 7A–C) Material Examined. [SINDH], 16, 2♀, Hyderabad, 14. VI.1972, leg. Ahmed; 26, 2♀, Thatta, 14. VI.1972, leg. M.I. Khan; 16, 3♀, Karachi, 10. VI.1973, leg. M.I. Khan (NHMUK). Diagnosis. Head brownish black, clypeus and frons with many minute punctures; mandibles punctate; pronotum brownish yellow with two spots on posterolateral margin, elytra yellow with four large, black spots (Fig. 7A); body ventrally black. Length 4.5–5.0 mm; width 3.3–3.6 mm; body rounded, strongly convex. Head without spots or patches; eyes small with fine facets; ligula with anterior margin rounded, proximally; submentum anteriorly notched. Prosternal process with carinae reaching only middle of prosternum; scuto-scutellar suture thick, straight; elytra rounded; epipleuron with inner margin w-shaped, longitudinally bifurcated, broader medially. Postcoxal line reaching anterior margin of second sternite; last sternite covered with small setae. Genitalia. Penis thick, hollow and flattened, spoon-shaped terminally, opposite arm elongated, broader distally, adjacent arm short, expanded, triangular; median lobe straight, strongly narrowed, slightly shorter than parameres; parameres strongly convergent; trabes straight, elongated, narrower proximally, expanded apically with convex dorsal surface cap-like (Fig. 7B–C). Distribution in Sindh Province. Hyderabad, Thatta, and Karachi.Published as part of Ali, Muhammad, Raza, Ghulam, Ali, Shaukat, Anjum, Syed Istiaq & Hussain, Ishtiaq, 2018, The Tribe Coccinellini Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Sindh, Pakistan, pp. 629-638 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 72 (3) on pages 634-635, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-72.3.629, http://zenodo.org/record/483683
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Coccinella transversalis Fabricius 1781
No full textCoccinella transversalis Fabricius, 1781 (Fig. 3A–E) Material Examined. [SINDH], 36, 5♀, Hyderabad, 12.XII.1965, leg. Ahmed; 106, 15♀, Larkana 30. VI.1971, leg. M.I. Khan; 106, 6♀, Mirpur Khas, 20. VI.1971, leg. M. Khan; 86, 12♀, Thatta, 30.IV.1971, leg. M.I. Khan; 66, 3♀, Karachi, 15.VII.2009, leg. M. Ali (NHMUK). Diagnosis. Body black, head black with a pair of large, creamy yellow, triangular spots on frons near eyes; pronotum black, anterolateral corners light cream; each elytron dull orange and yellowish with a common subscutellar spot, a trilobed spot, a transverse band not reaching to lateral margin, three spots usually fused to form a transverse marking, sutural line with a black stripe (Fig. 3); sometimes elytral pattern variable. Length 6.0–6.5 mm; width 4.5–5.0 mm; slightly elongate-oval. Eyes small, with minute facets; ligula notched anteriorly; submentum comparatively large, elongated. Pronotum with two triangular spots on anterolateral angles; prosternal process with a pair of carinae hardly extending beyond level of front coxae; scutoscutellar suture straight; epipleuron with inner margin medially concave, slightly broad anteriorly, narrowing posteriorly. Postcoxal line V-shaped, not reaching anterior margin of second sternite. Genitalia. Penis curved slightly, distally with a deep notch on ventral surface bearing a terminal triangular process; penal capsule with opposite arm elongated, distally broader while adjacent arm very small, deeply curved; median lobe thick, short, apex broadly pointed; parameres thick, longer; trabes short, straight, with deeply folded margins, expanded distally (Fig 3A–B). Genital plates somewhat triangular; lateral plates deeply curved, notched mesad; spermathecal capsule deeply curved, thick, cornu moderate; ramus thick, short, nodulus long (Fig. 3C–D). Distribution in Sindh Province. Tandojam, Hyderabad, Sukkar, Mirpur Khas, Thatta, and Karachi.Published as part of Ali, Muhammad, Raza, Ghulam, Ali, Shaukat, Anjum, Syed Istiaq & Hussain, Ishtiaq, 2018, The Tribe Coccinellini Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Sindh, Pakistan, pp. 629-638 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 72 (3) on page 632, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-72.3.629, http://zenodo.org/record/483683
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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