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Response of Fodder Oats to Fertility Levels and Cutting Management at Different Sowing Dates
No full textA field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Division of Agronomy, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar during Rabi 2009-10 and 2010-11 on silty clay loam soil low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and potassium and sufficient in available calcium with neutral pH. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design replicated thrice with three sowing dates (September, 20, September, 30 and October, 10), three fertility levels (150 : 70 : 40, 125 : 60 : 30 and 100 : 50 : 20 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1) and two cutting levels (single cut and double cut). The study revealed that the crop sown on September, 20 recorded significantly higher plant height, number of tillers m-2, leaf area index and dry matter production upto 120 DAS. However, at harvest September, 30 and October, 10 sown crops at par with one another recorded significantly higher plant height, number of tillers m-2, leaf area index and dry matter production than September, 20 sown crop. October, 10 sown crop recorded significantly higher leaf stem ratio upto 150 DAS, however, at 180 DAS and at harvest leaf stem ratio remained similar under different sowing dates. Both total green and dry fodder yields (1st + 2nd cut) recorded with September, 30 and September, 20 sown crops were at par but significantly higher than October, 10 sown crop. Similar trend was also noticed in case of pooled data over two years. At first cutting September, 30 sown crop recorded higher nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium uptake whereas at second cutting October, 10 sown crop at par with September, 30 sown crop recorded significantly higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake. Crude protein content was higher and crude fibre and ash content were lower in October, 10 sown crop compared to other sowing dates. The results also indicate that the plant height, number of tillers m-2, leaf area index, dry matter production, leaf stem ratio were significantly higher with fertility level 150 : 70 : 40 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1. The said treatment also recorded significantly higher total green and dry fodder yield (1st + 2nd cut) than other fertility levels. The fertility level 150 : 70 : 40 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 recorded significantly higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake while calcium uptake was significantly higher with fertility level 125 : 60 : 30 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1. Crude protein and ash content remained significantly higher at highest fertility level whereas crude fibre content was not significantly affected. The results also indicate that the single cut crop recorded significantly higher plant height, number of tillers m-2, leaf area index and dry matter production than double cut (excluding 1st cut) crop at different growth intervals, however, leaf stem ratio at 90, 120 and 150 DAS was significantly higher in double cut crop. The double cut crop recorded significantly higher total green and dry fodder yield (1st + 2nd cut) than single cut crop. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium uptake recorded under single cut crop was significantly higher than double cut crop (excluding 1st cut). The double cut crop recorded higher crude protein content but significantly lower crude fibre and ash content than single cut crop. The study revealed that the oats crop sown on September, 30 fertilized with 150 : 70 : 40 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 and cut twice viz., December, 15 and 50 per cent flowering proved to be most economic in terms of benefit cost ratio, net and gross returns
Integrated nutrient management in fodder maize with cowpea intercrop and its residual effect on succeeding oats crop.
No full textA field experiment was conducted at Shalimar Campus during Kharif, 2007 on a silty clay loam soil, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and potassium to study the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer levels on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake by fodder maize with cowpea intercrop and their residual effect on the growth and yield of succeeding oats crop. The treatments consisted of five organic fertilizers (10 t FYM/ha, 5 t FYM/ha + 1 t Vermicompost/ha, 5 t FYM/ha + 1 t Poultry manure/ha, 5 t FYM/ha + 2.5 t Sheep manure/ha and 5 t FYM/ha + 0.5 kg Azospirillum /ha) and three inorganic fertilizer levels (50% RFD, 75% RFD and 100% RFD) in a randomized block design replicated thrice. A uniform dose of N, P and K @ 80, 40 and 20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/ha, respectively was applied to each plot of succeeding oats crop.
Application of 5 t FYM/ha + 1 t Poultry manure/ha (O3) significantly increased the growth characters viz., periodic plant height, dry matter production and leaf area index of fodder maize than 5 t FYM/ha + 0.5 kg Azospirillum /ha (O5). The said treatment i.e. O3 (5 t FYM/ha + 1 t Poultry manure/ha) also recorded significantly more days to reach phenological stages compared to organic fertilizer combinations of FYM and biofertilizers. The fertility level of 75 % RFD at par with 100 % RFD caused significant improvement in a periodic plant height, dry matter production and leaf area index of fodder maize over 50 % RFD. The fertility level of 75 % RFD also took significantly more days for the crop to reach various phenological stages compared to 50 % RFD though 75 and 100 % RFD were statistically similar with one another.
The green and dry fodder yields of maize and cowpea as well as fodder maize equivalent dry yield were significantly higher with organic fertilizer combination of FYM and poultry manure (O3) compared to FYM + biofertilizer (O5) application, though yields were at par with other organic fertilizer combinations. However, during 2008-09, the green fodder yields of maize and cowpea as well as fodder maize equivalent yields during 2007-08 and 2008-09 recorded with FYM + sheep manure (O4) were also significantly lower than O3 (5 t FYM/ha + 1 t Poultry manure/ha). It was also found that both 75 and 100 % RFD at par with one another, recorded significantly higher green and dry fodder yields of maize and cowpea as well as dry fodder equivalent yield of maize over 50% RFD.
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and uptake by fodder maize at knee high and tasseling stages recorded with FYM + poultry manure (O3) was significantly higher over FYM + biofertilizer combinations (O5). In general, 75 and 100 % RFD recorded significantly higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and uptake at both knee high and tasseling stages over 50 % RFD.
The quality parameters viz., calcium content in fodder maize was significantly higher with FYM + poultry manure (O3) application compared to FYM + biofertilizer (O5), whereas crude protein content was significantly higher in FYM + poultry manure over both FYM + biofertilizer and FYM + vermicompost (O2) application and ash content did not vary significantly amongst treatments. Regarding the effect of fertility levels it was found that 75 % RFD recorded significantly higher calcium content in fodder maize which decreased significantly at 100 % RFD. However, both crude protein and ash content increased significantly and consistently with increase in the fertility level from 50 to 100 % RFD. Regarding the quality parameters of cowpea it was found that O3 (5 t FYM/ha + 1 t Poultry manure/ha) recorded significantly higher calcium content in cowpea than O5 (5 t FYM/ha + 0.5 kg Azospirillum /ha), whereas different organic fertilizer combinations did not influence the crude protein and ash content of cowpea. The fertility levels 75 and 100 % RFD significantly increased calcium, crude protein and ash content of cowpea over 50 % RFD.
Regarding the residual effect of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertility levels on the succeeding oats crop, it was found that the plant height and dry matter accumulation at flowering and maturity of oats was significantly higher with organic fertilizer combination of FYM and poultry manure over FYM and biofertilizer combination. The fertility levels of 75 and 100 % RFD significantly improved plant height and dry matter accumulation at flowering and maturity of oats compared to 50 % RFD. The yield contributing characters viz., panicles/m2, spikelets and grains/panicle were higher with application of organic fertilizer combination of FYM and poultry manure compared to FYM and biofertilizer combination, however, 1000-grain weight remained unaffected. Both 75 and 100 % RFD at par with one another significantly improved panicles/m2 and spikelets and grains/panicle over 50 % RFD, whereas 100 % RFD recorded significantly higher 1000-grain weight over 50 % RFD.
The grain yield of oats was significantly higher with application of FYM + poultry manure combinations over FYM + biofertilizer combination, however, there was no effect on straw yield and harvest index of oats with different fertilizer combination. It was also noticed that 75 and 100 % RFD caused significant improvement in the grain yield of oats over 50 % RFD, whereas straw yield increased significantly and consistently with increase in fertility level from 50 to 100 % RFD and harvest index showed significant decrease with increase in the fertility level from 75 to 100 % RFD.
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and uptake in grain and straw of oats crop was significantly higher with application of organic fertilizer combination of FYM and poultry manure. Besides, 75 and 100 % RFD could produce significant improvement in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in grain and straw of oats over 50 % RFD. Available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon content and pH balance in the soil after the experimentation was found higher than their initial status. The treatment combination O3F2 (5 t FYM/ha + 1 t Poultry manure/ha + 75 % RFD) recorded the highest benefit cost ratio, whereas the highest gross and net returns were recorded with the treatment combination O3F3 (5 t FYM/ha + 1 t Poultry manure / ha + 100 % RFD)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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