1,720,955 research outputs found
PEMANFAATAN POTENSI SUMBER AIR PANAS DI BLAWAN BONDOWOSO SEBAGAI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK ALTERNATIF BERBASIS TEC
No full textDewasa kini kebutuhan akan energi listrik di dunia semakin meningkat, termasuk indonesia juga mengalami hal yang sama. Dan pemenuhan kebutuhan akan energi saat ini sebagian besar diperoleh dari penggunaan bahan bakar fosil oleh Pembangkit listrik yang berkapasitas besar.Namun kini mulai banyak diterapkan pemanfaatan energi pengganti lain yang lebih ramah lingkungan, bebas polusi, dan sifatnya yang terbarukan. Potensi geotermal di Indonesia yang menghasilkan sumber air panas, menyimpan potensi energi panas yang sifatnya termasuk energi terbarukan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisa di lapangan mengenai Pemanfaatan Potensi Sumber Air Panas di Blawan Bondowoso Sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Alternatif Berbasis TEC (Thermoelectric Cooler). TEC (Thermoelectric Cooler)merupakan solid state technology yang umumnya menjadi alternatif teknologi pendingin selain sistem kompresi uap, yang menggunakan efek Peltier.Dalam penelitian ini, TEC dialih fungsikan sebagai pembangkit listrik tenaga panas / TEG(thermoelectric generator) yang menggunakan efek Seebeck, dengan syarat adanya perbedaan suhu yang signifikan di antara kedua sisinyamaka arus listrik akan mengalir dalam rangkaian tersebut. Digunakan 9 buah TEC berdimensi 4x4cm yang dirangkai secara seri, dengan bahan berupa Bi2Te3 (Bismuth telluride) sehingga memiliki nilai koefisien ZT (variabel sosok merit) sebesar 0,7 yang dipakai sebagai dasar untuk melakukan perhitungan efisiensi kinerja dari TEG. Sumber air panas di Blawan memiliki temperatur pada kisaran 45-49,5 °C. Pengambilan data potensi dilakukan selama 3 hari yakni 21-23 agustus 2015. Mulai pukul 9:00 WIB hinggapukul 15:00WIB, dengan pencatatan keluaran data potensi setiap selang 30 menit. Data yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan alat bantu pengambilan data
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(purwarupa TEG), dipakai untuk melakukan analisa mengenai seberapa berpotensinya TEG dalam skala lebih besar bila diterapkan. Karakteristik kinerja TEG di lokasi penelitian juga dapat diketahui dan dianalisa. Data yang diambil menggunakan alat bantu pengambilan data yaitu tegangan keluaran TEG (VTEG),tegangan keluaran konverter (Vconv),arus keluaran konverter (Iconv),suhu sisi panas TEC (Thot),suhu sisi dingin TEC (Tcold),suhu sumber air panas (Thot water),suhu air pendingin (Tcold water),suhu lingkungan (Tenv), dan daya keluaran (PTEG). Hasil pengambilan data potensi selama 3 hari menunjukkan tren pada masing-masing karakteristik. Karakteristik tegangan VTEG terhadap waktu yaitu saat pagi hari menghasilkan tegangan yang cukup besar, lalu menurun seiring waktu beranjak siang meskipun penurunan tidak terjadi secara linier, kemudian mengalami kenaikan VTEG mulai pukul 14:00 s/d 15:00 WIB. Tercatat VTEG tertinggi dimiliki hari ke-2 sebesar 4,506V pada pukul 9:00 WIB dan VTEG terendah dimiliki hari ke-1 sebesar 2,001V pada pukul 13:30 WIB. Karakteristik arus (Iconv) terhadap waktu memiliki perubahan besar arus yang dapat dikatakan tidak begitu signifikan. Variasi besar arus tercatat pada angka 0,04A dan 0,03A, namun rata-rata stabil pada 0,03A. Data arus dalam ketiga hari cenderung memiliki tren grafik sama, kecuali data arus hari ke-2 pada pukul 10:00 WIB.
Karakteristik suhu sumber air panas (Thot water) terhadap waktu pada ketiga hari mengalami kenaikan suhu saat waktu beranjak siang (matahari makin terik), lalu mengalami penurunan suhu seperti saat pagi hari ketika waktu beranjak sore. Suhu air panas stabil pada 49,3 °C dan mengalami kenaikan suhu tertinggi mencapai 49,4 – 49,5 °C. Sedangkan karakteristik suhu lingkungan (Tenv) terhadap waktu memiliki grafik membentuk semacam bukit, ketika pagi pukul 9:00 WIB suhu lingkungan tercatat cukup rendah pada masing-masing hari secara berurutan, yakni bersuhu 23,3 °C, 22,9 °C, dan 23,6 °C. Semakin siang dan semakin terik matahari maka suhu lingkungan juga semakin meningkat, begitu pula sebaliknya. Suhu lingkungan tertinggi ada pada hari ke-3 pukul 13:30 WIB sebesar 31,3 °C. Kemudian karakteristik daya (PTEG) terhadap waktu diperoleh melalui perhitungan dengan persamaan matematis, tren daya yang dimiliki pada
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ketiga hari membentuk kurva seperti palung laut, bagian grafik yang menurun curam merupakan efek dari menurunnya tegangan keluaran (VTEG), yang besar VTEG tersebut lebih kecil dari tegangan masukan yang dapat ditoleransi oleh konverter. Contohnya VTEG hari ke-1 pada pukul 11:30 dan 12:00 WIB hanya sebesar 2,711V dan 2,469V, tegangan sedemikian lebih kecil dari toleransi minimal yang diberikan konverter (2,8 - 2,9V) untuk dapat bekerja normal. Sehingga otomatis konverter tidak dapat menaikkan tegangan sesuai pengaturan awal (setting di 12V), dan hanya mampu menaikkan masing-masing menjadi 3,661V dan 3,279V. Daya tertinggi yang dicapai pada ketiga hari sebesar 0,48watt, dan daya terendah dicapai pada hari ke-1 sebesar 0,07962watt. Arus disini bukan faktor yang memberi pengaruh besar terhadap daya yang dihasilkan, dikarenakan arus yang terukur relatif stabil di 0,03A akibat dari kepingan TEC yang tersusun seri
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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