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Nikah Sirri anak di bawah umur tinjauan budaya hokum: Studi Kasus di Desa Plakpak Kecamatan Pegantenan Kabupaten Pamekasan
Get PDFمستخلص البحث
النكاح هو فعل المحكوم بأحكام نفصيلية شرعيا كانت أو قانونيا. كما أنّ النكاح من جنس العبادة المندوبة بقدر طاقة فاعله. في الحكم الشرعي, النكاح هو الأمر الذي قوّنهبالأركان والشروط,حينما قانون النكاح في أندونيسي- لم تخل دراسته من جوانب الأركان والشروط ومع ذالك في المجتمع والثقافي. ومنهما ظهر الموزونات الأكثر في توجيه مهماتهم, منها اهمية استعداد الشهواتيّ, والسلوك والروح والإقتصادي. إنّ القانون النكاح في أندونيسي لم يتم تنفيذها إلّا حسب النظرية, وهذا مؤثّر بالعوامل التي تؤهلها إلي عدم تنفيذها كعوامل العرفي القومي كما في حي بلاكباك بمنطقة بيجانتين مدينة باميكاسان. فإنّ نكاح العرفي لا تزال ظاهرة اليوم لدي شعبها بل ليس من أمر المعسر أن تستنفذها.
تهدف هذه الدراسة لغرس وتحليل ثقافة قانون المجتمع التي هي الأساس والمحرك لفعل القانون. والتيتيكون أهمية هذه الدراسة تشمل : 1 وعي المجتمع نحو القانون النكاح, 2 طاعة المجتمع عن قانون النكاح, 3 تحليل الثقافة القانون المجتمع. مناهج البحث المستخدمة فى هذا البحث هي المناهج الميدانية المؤسّسة على النّهج النّوعيّ. وأما طريقة جمع المعطيات والمعلومات فبالمكالمة المقابلة والملاحظة والتوثيقي.
نتيحة فى هذا البحث تشير إلى أنّها : 1, لم تظهر وعي المجتمع علي قانون النكاح بسبب عدم المعرفة والتعميق والفهم نحو القانون المكتوب المنصوص الرقم 1 سنة 1974. 2 لم تظهر طاعة المجتمع بسبب عدم إتصالات القانون المكتوب لدي المجتمع, 3, ثقافة قانون المجتمع هي قانون موضوع الثقافة بصفتها طاعة الرئيس وغير قابل لقوانين أخرى رغم ادّعائها دخيلة وخارجا عنها.
تحويل موضوع قانون العرفي الي أحسنها هي بمشاركتها يمكن تنفيذها بتغيير طبقة أعلىها من المجتمع كرئيس القوم وشرفائها وزعماء محلّيها. بذالك تحولت المجتمع عرفيها تلقائيًّ
ABSTRACT
Marriage is a legal act that is regulated in detail both syar'i law and Marriage Law. Marriage is also an act of worship that is disunnahkan based on the abilities of the perpetrators. In the law of syara 'marriage is only regulated in terms of terms and rukun only. While in the applicable Marriage Act in Indonesia, Marriage is regulated not only in terms of terms and conditions, But also paid attention to the socio-cultural aspects of society. By considering the socio-cultural aspects, there are considerations that take into account many things such as biological readiness, psychic readiness, and economic readiness. Theoretically, The Marriage Law is regulated and enforced in Indonesia. But practically, the entry into force of the Marriage Law is uneven. This is inseparable from the cultural factors that are the drivers of the legal behavior of the community. For example in the Village Plakpak Pegantenan District Pamekasan, until now the practice of marriage sirri minors are still a common phenomenon and not hard to find.
This study aims to explore and analyze the culture of community law that became the basis or driver of legal behavior. The focus in this study includes (1) public awareness of the Marriage Law. (2) public compliance with the Marriage Law, and (3) analysis of the legal culture of the community.
This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of sociological empirical law research. Collection of research data, by interview method, observation and documentation.
The result of the research shows that (1) there is no reflection of legal awareness in society, because of the lack of knowledge, awareness and understanding of written law, namely Marriage Law. 1 Year 1974. (2) is not reflected in legal compliance in the community, in the absence of written legal communication to the public. (3) a society's legal culture is a subjects culture with karaketeristis submissive to a leader, less open to the law outside the self and do not feel part of the law itself. Transformation of subject culture to a better culture that is participant culture, can be done by changing the top (elite) first such as community leaders such as: community leaders and ranks of village officials. With it automatically the culture of society will undergo transformation
ABSTRAK
Pernikahan merupakan suatu perbuatan hukum yang diatur secara rinci baik secara hukum syar’i maupun Undang-undang Perkawinan.Pernikahan juga merupakan perbuatan ibadah yang disunnahkan berdasarkan kemampuan para pelakunya.Dalam hukum syara’ pernikahan hanya diatur dari segi syarat dan rukun saja.Sedangkan dalam Undang-undang Pernikahan yang berlaku di Indonesia, pernikahan diatur tidak hanya dari segi syarat dan rukunnya, tetapi juga diperhatikan dari aspek sosio-kultural masyarakat.Dengan memperhatikan aspek sosio-kultural, muncul pertimbangan-pertimbangan yang memperhatikan banyak hal diantaranya adalah kesiapan biologis, kesiapak psikis, dan kesiapan ekonomi.Secara teoritis, Undang-undang Pernikahan diatur dan diberlakukan di Indonesia. Namun secara praktis, berlakunya Undang-undang Pernikahan tidak merata. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari faktor budaya yang merupakan penggerak perilaku hukum masyarakat.Misalnya di Desa Plakpak Kecamatan Pegantenan Kabupaten Pamekasan, hingga saat ini praktik nikah sirri anak di bawah umur masih menjadi fenomena yang lumrah dan tidak sulit ditemukan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali dan menganalisis budaya hukum masyarakat yang menjadi dasar atau penggerak perilaku hukum.Fokus dalam penelitian ini mencakup (1) kesadaran masyarakat terhadap Undang-undang Pernikahan. (2) kepatuhan masyarakat terhadap Undang-undang Pernikahan, dan (3) analisis budaya hukum masyarakat.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian hukum empiris sosiologis.Pengumpulan data-data penelitian, dilakukan dengan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) tidak tercermin kesadaran hukum dalam masyarakat, karena tidak adanya pengetahuan, pengahayatan dan pemahaman terhadap hukum tertulis yakni Undang-undang Pernikahan No. 1 Tahun 1974. (2) tidak tercermin kepatuhan hukum dalam masyarakat, disebakan tidak adanya komunikasi hukum tertulis kepada masyarakat. (3) budaya hukum masyarakat adalah budaya hukum Subjekdengan karaketeristis takluk kepada pemimpin, kurang terbuka terhadap hukum luar dan tidak merasa bagian dari hukum itu sendiri. Transformasi subject culture menuju budaya yang lebih baik yakni participant culture, bisa dilakukan dengan merubah kalangan atas (elit) terlebih dahulu seperti pimpinan masyarakat seperti: tokoh masyarakat dan jajaran aparat desa. Dengan itu secara otomatis budaya masyarakat akan mengalami tranformasi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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