772 research outputs found
Nature and death in the poetry of al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī, and certain English Romantic poets : a comparative study
No full textThe first part of this thesis, divided into two
chapters, deals with the early background of European
Romanticism; the reasons behind its appearance and
problems of definition. There follows a discussion on
the question of the originality of Arabic Romanticism,
with ,a brief review of the roots and main literary groups
of this movement in Arabic poetry.
Part two examines the influence of English poetry
and thought on three Arab Romantic poets: Nāzik Sādiq
al-Malā'ika, Abū al-Qāsim al-Shābbī and
Abd aI-Rahmān Shukrī.
This is discussed parallel with the channels of
this influence.
The main focus of this research is however, to show
the ways in which al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī perceived and reflected nature and death in their poetry.
Their attitudes towards certain phenomena in nature
such as the countryside, night, the sea, childhood and
moral and social lessons of nature are compared with
certain attitudes of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats and
Shelley.
Themes such as life and death, fear of death,
fatalism, immortality and death as a welcome experience
are also the concern of this thesis, with a comparison of
these themes in the poetry of the Arab and English
Romantic poets.
However, owing to the popularity of Keats and
Shelley with the three Arab Romantic poets, this thesis
concentrates on their poetry.
This research has selected only certain phenomena
and themes from nature--and death because of the dominance
of these subjects in the poetry of al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī. The translations of Arabic poetry in this thesis are
intended to convey the general sense of the source texts,
rather than to give a precise rendering of these texts
into English
Kharaj and land proprietary right in the sixteenth century: An example of law and economics
No full textKharaj (land-tax) has been a controversial subject since the formative period of Islamic jurisprudence. It is said that Muslim jurists have been very conservative while dealing with the subject of kharaj. But this is wrong perception or opinion. The Controversy have mainly been revolved around the kharaj-payer's relationship with the land he owned or cultivated. This nature of relationship was necessary, for in circumstances it alone determined what to do with the kharaji land. A host of problems surfaced over the centuries and the Muslim jurists dealt with them differently. The later jurists, specially during the Ottoman period, face situations which did not exist in early period. So they were compelled to develop their own thoughts over a number of issues and in so doing they had to differ from their predecessors. It may, therefore, be argued that the Islamic law on kharaj has never been rigid and static.Land-tax, Land property, Kharaj,Ottoman Economic History, Islamic Economic Thought, Law and Economics.
ڈاکٹر خلیل بن ابراہیم ملا خاطر کے تنقیدِ روایات کے اسالیب کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ: An Analytical Study of the Methodologies of Narration Criticism by Dr. Khalil bin Ibrahim Mulla Khatir
No full textThis article explores the scholarly contributions of Khalil bin Ibrahim Mulla Khatir, a notable figure in the field of Seerah (biographical writing about the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ). ) Born in Deir ez-Zor, Syria, in 1938, Mulla Khatir was renowned for his expertise in Hadith and Seerah studies. He adhered strictly to the principles of Hadith criticism, emphasizing authentic sources and avoiding weak narrations. His methodology incorporated both traditional and modern approaches, refining earlier principles established by scholars like Shibli Nomani and Idris Kandhlawi.Mulla Khatir authored over 100 books, with more than 60 focusing on Seerah. His critical approach addressed inconsistencies in narrations, established coherence through comparative analysis, and highlighted the importance of adhering to established scholarly consensus. The article also discusses his contributions to education, his critique of fabricated and weak narrations, and his enduring legacy in Islamic studies. His work represents a comprehensive and methodical approach to Hadith and Seerah, making a significant impact on contemporary Islamic scholarship
The role of the accused in English and Islamic criminal justice
No full textThis thesis is a comparative study of the role of the accused in the systems of
English and Islamic criminal justice. It seeks to explore the underlying
relationship between the individual and the state through an historical, structural
and contextual analysis of their rules relating to questioning and of confessions.
The analysis of the English system covers the period 1800 to 1984, with
particular reference to developments during the nineteenth century when the
foundations for the modern English state were established. The analysis of the
Islamic system combines traditionally Islamic and modern methods, assessing the
"Islamisation" movement in Malaysia through a religico-structural understanding
of juristic opinion from the four main schools of Sunnite jurisprudence.
The thesis contributes to existing knowledge on a number of levels: first, it
questions and revises the "myth" of "progress" that has dominated observations
of the history of the English criminal justice system; second, it elucidates the
relationship between Islamic law in theory and the law that is applied and
proposed in its name in Muslim states; third, it provides an analytical framework
for drawing comparisons between the underlying values of the systems of English
and Islamic criminal justice.
While acknowledging fundamental differences in terms of outlook and
articulation, the author concludes there are important similarities expressed
through such notions as "suspect" in the English system and "kafir"I"fasiq" in the
Islamic. These act as intermediate constitutional categories to whom the state
owe less protection. But the author notes also that these similarities are not
observed necessarily in the "law" which is implemented or proposed in Muslim
states; exact correspondence depends upon the over-arching political structure
and the institution of Caliphate.
The thesis is divided into six chapters: chapter one sets out the conventional view
of the historical development of English criminal procedure and evidence;
chapter two subjects that to a critique and chapter three offers a revised thesis.
Chapter four, explores methods for interpreting and explaining Islam; chapter
five sets out rules relating to confessions and questioning according to the four
Sunni schools; chapter six puts them into "context" through an examination of
the "Islamisation" process in Malaysia
Pengaruh self-efficacy terhadap prokrastinasi akademik mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi angkatan 2020 Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
No full textABSTRAK
Mahasiswa sebagai individu yang sedang menempuh pendidikan tinggi dalam akademik tentunya memiliki tantangan tersendiri, salah satunya yaitu perilaku prokrastinasi akademik. Prokrastinasi akademik adalah kecenderungan untuk menunda-nunda penyelesaian tugas atau kewajiban akademik, yang sering kali berujung pada tekanan waktu dan hasil belajar yang kurang optimal. Perilaku tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah self-efficacy. Self-efficacy merupakan keyakinan individu terhadap kemampuan dirinya untuk berhasil menyelesaikan tugas-tugas spesifik atau mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan, yang dapat menentukan seberapa efektif seseorang dalam mengatasi tantangan, termasuk dalam mengelola waktu dan tugas akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui tingkat self-efficacy mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi angkatan 2020 Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, (2) Mengetahui tingkat prokrastinasi mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi angkatan 2020 Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, (3) Mengetahui pengaruh self-efficacy terhadap tingkat prokrastinasi mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi angkatan 2020 Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Sampel berjumlah 40 orang, yang merupakan mahasiswa fakultas psikologi angkatan 2020 Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Pemilihan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah GSE (The General Self-efficacy Scale) untuk self-efficacy dan APS (The Academic Procrastination Scale) untuk prokrastinasi akademik. Kedua skala tersebut digunakan setelah dimodifikasi menyesuaikan subjek yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) tingkat self-efficacy mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi angkatan 2020 Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang rata-rata berada pada tingkat sedang dengan persentase 55%. (2) Tingkat prokrastinasi akademik juga berada pada tingkat sedang dengan persentase 58%. (3) Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh signifikan (0,000 < 0,05).
ABSTRACT
Students, as individuals pursuing higher education, inevitably face various challenges, one of which is academic procrastination. Academic procrastination is the tendency to delay completing academic tasks or responsibilities, which often leads to time pressure and suboptimal learning outcomes. This behavior can be influenced by several factors, one of which is self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their ability to successfully complete specific tasks or achieve desired goals, which can determine how effectively a person handles challenges, including managing time and academic tasks. This study aims to: (1) Determine the level of self-efficacy among Psychology students of the 2020 cohort at Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, (2) Determine the level of academic procrastination among Psychology students of the 2020 cohort at Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, and (3) Examine the effect of self-efficacy on the level of academic procrastination among these students. The sample consists of 40 students from the 2020 cohort of the Faculty of Psychology at Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The sample was selected using purposive sampling. The instruments used in this study are the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) for self-efficacy and the Academic Procrastination Scale (APS) for academic procrastination. Both scales were modified to suit the subjects involved in this research. The results of the study showed that: (1) The self-efficacy level of the students was on average at a moderate level with a percentage of 55%. (2) The level of academic procrastination was also at a moderate level with a percentage of 58%. (3) Hypothesis testing showed a significant influence (0.000 < 0.05).
مستخلص البحث
الطلاب، كأفراد يسعون للحصول على التعليم العالي، يواجهون بلا شك تحديات متعددة، وأحد هذه التحديات هو التسويف الأكاديمي. التسويف الأكاديمي هو الميل لتأجيل إتمام المهام أو الواجبات الأكاديمية، مما يؤدي غالبًا إلى ضغوط الوقت ونتائج تعليمية غير مثالية. يمكن أن يتأثر هذا السلوك بعدة عوامل، وأحد هذه العوامل هو الكفاءة الذاتية. الكفاءة الذاتية هي اعتقاد الفرد بقدرته على إتمام المهام المحددة بنجاح أو تحقيق الأهداف المرجوة، والتي يمكن أن تحدد مدى فعالية الفرد في التعامل مع التحديات، بما في ذلك إدارة الوقت والمهام الأكاديمية. يهدف هذا البحث إلى: (1) معرفة مستوى الكفاءة الذاتية لدى طلاب كلية علم النفس دفعة 2020 في جامعة العلوم الإسلامية مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج، (2) معرفة مستوى التسويف الأكاديمي لدى طلاب كلية علم النفس دفعة 2020 في جامعة العلوم الإسلامية مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج، و (3) معرفة تأثير الكفاءة الذاتية على مستوى التسويف الأكاديمي لدى هؤلاء الطلاب. تتكون العينة من 40 طالبًا من دفعة 2020 لكلية علم النفس في جامعة العلوم الإسلامية مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج. تم اختيار العينة باستخدام أسلوب العينة الهادفة. تم استخدام مقياس الكفاءة الذاتية العامة (GSE) لقياس الكفاءة الذاتية ومقياس التسويف الأكاديمي (APS) لقياس التسويف الأكاديمي. تم تعديل كلا المقياسين ليتناسبا مع الموضوعات المشاركة في هذا البحث. أظهرت نتائج البحث أن: (1) مستوى الكفاءة الذاتية لدى الطلاب كان في المتوسط عند مستوى متوسط بنسبة 55%. (2) مستوى التسويف الأكاديمي كان أيضًا عند مستوى متوسط بنسبة 58%. (3) أظهر اختبار الفرضية وجود تأثير كبير (0.000 < 0.05)
Corrigendum to “An empirical investigation of resource curse hypothesis for cobalt” [Resour. Pol. (2022) 102843]
No full textThe authors regret The author Muhammad Ibrahim Shah has used the affiliation (c). “Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology (REES), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada” in this publication. However, since this work was not part of Muhammad Ibrahim Shah's thesis and not part of the work he does at the University of Alberta and no professors or supervisors from University of Alberta was involved in this paper, rather it was the result of his own personal interests, the author would like to remove the affiliation of the University of Alberta from this publication and replace it with the following affiliation: “Independent researcher, Edmonton, Canada”. He would like to replace his University email [email protected] with personal email: [email protected]. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused
The application of Shari’ah and international human rights law in Saudi Arabia
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel UniversityThe present dissertation provides an analytical and comparative study of the application of Islamic law (Shari’ah) and international human rights law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It provides an analysis of the sources of Islamic law as well as the sources of international law to set the background for analysis and defines the nature of both laws. It also tackles the subject of the domestic application of international human treaties in Saudi Arabia.
In addition, it examines some reservations Saudi Arabia has entered to some of the international human rights treaties it has ratified, specifically the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). It also sheds some light on the political, cultural and religious obstacles to the realisation of norms protected by international human rights treaties in the country, and in other countries for that matter, clearly stating the impossibility of implementing the provisions of the international human rights treaties in their entirety. This is due to the various political and legal developments towards the internationalization of the concept of human rights. It observes that despite the existence of the international human rights treaties, which aim at reinforcing a universal realisation of international human rights, these rights cannot be possibly realised by all countries.
To stress the importance Saudi Arabia attaches to the issue of human rights, the dissertation discusses some rights of women before Saudi courts in family matters, an issue which has been criticised by some international human rights treaties, and examines to what extent the country has managed to tackle the issue of domestic violence, particularly violence against women. It provides an overview of the major causes of domestic violence against women in Saudi Arabia, presents some cases of domestic violence before Saudi courts and sheds some light on the measures taken by the Saudi government to combat domestic violence against women. It also tackles this issue both in the international and domestic legal frameworks, clearly stating the Islamic standpoint on the issue, namely that Islamic law, and Saudi Arabia for that matter, whose laws are essentially derived from the two main sources of Shari’ah. It also discusses the common forms of violence against women in Saudi Arabia and suggests a number of recommendations towards more effective protection of women against violence in the country.
The dissertation concludes by presenting a number of obstacles in the way of executing judicial decisions in the Kingdom as well as the obstacles which negatively affect the performance of the new code of law practice. It also presents some recommendations concerning personal status law obstacles and hindrances to progress and attempts to answer the research questions it has posed
Shining Gold in Praise of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.)
No full textAs explained by the manuscript holder, the original author wrote the manuscript during one of his many stays in northern Nigeria where he had Sufi followers and friends. He used paper provided to him by the Directopr's office at the Alfa Umaru Ibrahim Institute (Northern Nigeria). The manuscript is the original handwritten by Sheikh Muhammad Al-Ghāli Ibn Sheikh Al-Hajj Muhammad Al-Amin Ba of Pate Galo (Senegal). It is a praise poem on the life of Prophet Muhammad (SWA). The manuscript is subdivided in seven parts. Part one deals with the birth, upbringing and unique character of Muhammad. Part two addresses how Muhammad obtained and carried his call of prophethood, and his exile to Madina (today's Saoudi Arabia). This part ends with the prophet’s stay at Mount of Hirā. Part 3 starts with Prophet Mohammad’s journey towards Madina from Mount Hira. His entrance to Madina and how the people of Madina welcomed him and how he established a Muslim community. Part 4 touches on Muslim wars against the non-Muslims up to their victory over Makka and its surrounding areas. This part also talks of the messages that prophet Muhammad sent to the various kings in the Arabian Peninsula. Part five is the Prophet's final pilgrimage and his Farewell Sermon. Part 6 describes the prophet as a person with miracles. Part 7 and 8 praise the prophet and provide guidance on how to connect with him.Comme l'explique le gardien du manuscrit, l'auteur original l'a écrit au cours de l'un de ses nombreux séjours dans le nord du Nigéria où il avait des adeptes et des amis soufis. Il a utilisé du papier qui lui avait été fourni par le bureau du directeur général de l'Institut Alfa Umaru Ibrahim (nord du Nigéria). Le manuscrit est l'original redigé par Cheikh Muhammad al-Ghāli Ibn Cheikh Al-Hajj Muhammad Al-Amin Ba de Pate Galo (Sénégal). C'est un poème de louange sur la vie du prophète Muhammad (SWA). Le manuscrit est subdivisé en sept parties. La première traite de la naissance, de l'éducation et du caractère unique de Muhammad. La deuxième partie explique comment Mohammed a obtenu et réalisé son appel à la prophétie et son exil à Madina (aujourd'hui en Arabie saoudienne). Cette partie se termine par le séjour du prophète au mont Hirā. La troisième partie commence par le voyage du prophète Muhammad vers Madina depuis le mont Hira. Son entrée à Madina et comment les gens de Madina l'ont accueilli et comment il y a créé une communauté musulmane. La quatrième partie traite des guerres saintes contre les non-musulmans jusqu'à leur victoire sur Makka et ses environs. Cette partie parle également des messages que le prophète Muhammad a envoyés aux différents rois de la péninsule arabique. La cinquième partie traite du dernier pèlerinage du prophète et de son sermon d'adieu. La partie 6 décrit le prophète et ses grand miracles. Les parties 7 et 8 louent le prophète et expliquent comment entrer en contact avec lui
Intoxication and self-defence : a comparative study of principles of English law and Shari'ah
No full textThe study is based upon an analysis of the general principles of criminal liability in English law and Shari 'ah. It is hoped that it may provide a valid basis for discussion of the future development of criminal law.
The relationship between law and society is an organic one and this relationship in Shari'ah is based on revelatory text of precepts, law, and admonitions. Shari'ah is an
essential part of faith of every Muslim; a sound knowledge of its principles not only gives him a sense of inner fulfilment but enables him to order his life according to the dictates of his religion. On the other hand, in English law, religious beliefs and private morality might be viewed as not a matter for law. Religion is in that context generally conceived as a spiritual sphere of supra-human connotation distinct from law, which is basically a secular concern.
Both the systems of law under consideration are different in their sources and nature. English law, being a positive law, finds its source in legislation and other recognised
sources. Shari 'ah is a divine ordinance imposed upon people without having a freedom of choice and it has its roots in its primary sources, the Holy Qur'an, and the Sunnah.
However, the revelatory nature of Shari'ah does not render it entirely inflexible and immutable. The finality of authoritative legal texts is confined only to a limited number of injunctions in the primary sources. The secondary sources provide flexibility to meet the changing requirements of society. A legal system should strike a fair balance between flexibility and inflexibility of legal rules. A very flexible system of law may lead to inconsistencies, illogicalities and at the same time may be subject to abuse by judges while a rigid system, which leaves no room for judicial discretion is likely to
lead to injustice in certain cases. It is submitted that the very flexible nature of English law has left it full of inconsistencies and illogicalities, despite the appropriate use of judicial discretion.
The research offers a general view of modern thinking about the theoretical foundations and methodology of Shari'ah Shari 'ah recognises a variety of sources and methods from which a rule of law might be derived. Part-I of the thesis discusses the evolving principles of Islamic jurisprudence from their rudimentary sources. The specific relationship between socio-religious reality and the production of theoretical legal discourse is illustrated in Part-11 and III while dealing with the problem of intoxication
and private defence in society. It suggests that Shari'ah provides a framework in which the complex and sometimes competing needs of an individual and society can be fairly
apportioned.
The research will demonstrate that there is a well developed system of criminal law in Shari'ah that can be compared with the most developed and civilised criminal law of the contemporary world, for example, English criminal law. In order to compare the compatibility of both the legal systems, the approaches of both towards the problems of intoxication and self-defence have been taken as a parameter. Though Shari 'ah provisions seem to be predominantly prescriptive as compared to English criminal law, the comparison will show that it can provide practical solutions to problems faced by human society of any age. Shari 'ah being a revealed law is proactive in its nature. It takes action to cause changes and not only react to a change when it happens. This particular feature can be felt while dealing with the problem of intoxication. English
criminal law, on the other hand, being a positive law bears the characteristics of a reactive law. It reacts to events or changes rather than acting first to cause change or
prevent something. Another major difference between the two legal systems might be that English criminal law has passed through many evolutionary phases and reached at the present stage through the efforts of the political power and the state; whereas, Muslim states and governments throughout the centuries neither had a hand in the development of Islamic jurisprudence nor in the training and certification of jurists or jurisconsults whose task it was to formulate the law.
History suggests that using the combined forces of religion, morality and law Shari'ah has effectively eradicated social evils and created a peaceful environment for human coexistence, where every one can enjoy his rights without a fear of infringement by the others. In cases of infringement of such rights, the offender shall be liable to severe punishments. The principles of criminal liability are on a par with the corresponding principles of the English criminal law. While protecting the rights of the victim of the crime, Shari'ah does not ignore the rights of the offender for fair trail, impartial justice and liability for punishment proportional to the offence committed by him. At the same time it recognises excuse and justification defences under appropriate circumstances, as
it will be evident while comparing the defences of intoxication and self-defence with the same in English criminal law.
The study reveals that there are similarities and differences between English law and Shari'ah when considering the issue of crime and criminal liability. However, this may be considered as normal phenomenon of comparing any two different legal systems. The differences can be attributed to their sources, origin, history and nature of the social values to be protected. Similarities can be ascribed to zeal for social justice and stability.
The study of differences and similarities will provide an opportunity to illuminate our understanding of law and the process of its development. As both the systems have their
own methodology to tackle legal issues, a different approach to the similar problem will provide a fresh insight leading to revitalised solutions. It will also be helpful to understand the methodology and the legal reasoning of both the systems leading towards a better understanding of law in general and at the same time providing efficient means for improvement
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